Ambient Processing of High-Efficiency Organic Solar Modules Enabled by Radical Scavengers.

The pronounced efficiency disparity between ambient-air-fabricated organic solar cells (OSCs) and nitrogen-glovebox-processed devices poses a major obstacle to industrial-scale manufacturing. The instability of the organic electron transport layer (ETL) materials in air undoubtedly affects the carrier transport properties, which significantly reduces the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices. Here, based on the antioxidant strategy, the stability of PDINN in air is enhanced by doping PDINN with the antioxidant C-OH, thereby successfully achieving the all-air preparation of OSCs.

Perfluoroalkyl Hybrid Ethylene Glycol Side Chains: A Solution to Water Related Challenges in n-Type Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors.

The water molecule is regarded as a double-edged sword in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs), particularly for n-type semiconductors. On the one hand, hydration facilitates ion transport within OMIECs; on the other hand, water acts as an electron trap, capturing electrons in n-type materials. Excessive hydration may disrupt the continuity of OMIECs crystalline domains, leading to device degradation.

Conservation of dark CPD photolyase function in blind cavefish.

DNA damage is generated by various environmental stressors and so DNA repair systems must inevitably adapt to changing environments. Photolyases represent a highly conserved class of enzymes which repair UV-induced covalent crosslinks between adjacent pyrimidine bases (CPD and 6-4 photoproducts) via photoreactivation. In the blind cavefish Phreatichthys andruzzii which has evolved for millions of years completely isolated from UV radiation and visible light, we have documented multiple polymorphisms and loss of function mutations affecting both the 6-4phr and DASHphr photolyase genes while strangely, the CPDphr gene remains highly conserved.

Potential of Tandem Catalysts for Excellent HO Electrosynthesis at Industrial-Relevant Current.

Direct electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) serves as an innovative and less-energy-demanding alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. As the process involves active hydrogen (*H) production and hydrogenation of oxygen-containing intermediates, catalysts containing dual functional sites for *H and *OOH intermediate generation might boost the HO electrosynthesis activity. Here, we report a tandem catalyst with a uniform distribution of single-atom Al sites around AlO species, constituting the adjacent catalytic centers (AlO/Al-O-C).

Comprehensive identification and analysis of clusters of tandemly duplicated genes reveal their contributions to adaptive evolution of green plants.

Tandem gene duplication occurred more frequently compared with the episodic whole-genome duplication (WGD), providing a continuous supply of genetic material for evolutionary innovation and adaptation to changing environments. The rising roles of clusters of tandemly duplicated genes (CTDGs) in the evolution of phenotypic diversity have been unraveled in mammals. However, the content and biological roles of CTDGs remain largely unknown in plants.

Ingestible optoelectronic capsules enable bidirectional communication with engineered microbes for controllable therapeutic interventions.

Engineered microbes can be used for biomolecular sensing and therapeutic interventions. However, they cannot be monitored and controlled while in vivo. Here we combine optogenetically engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, an ingestible optoelectronic capsule and a wireless smartphone to establish a bidirectional biological-optical-electronic signal processing chain for diagnostic or therapeutic capabilities under user control.

A deep learning-based computed tomography reading system for the diagnosis of lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces.

To propose a deep learning model and explore its performance in the auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces (LCCA) in computed tomography (CT) images. This study is a retrospective analysis that incorporated a total of 342 CT series, comprising 272 series from patients diagnosed with LCCA and 70 series from patients with pulmonary bulla. A deep learning model named LungSSFNet, developed based on nnUnet, was utilized for image recognition and segmentation by experienced thoracic surgeons.

Continuous vs. intermittent meropenem infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis.

Background: A recent large multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that continuous infusion (CI) of meropenem did not improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, contradicting previous meta-analysis results.

Methods: We conducted a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases up to March 19, 2024.

Results: Our study included a total of 1,075 critically ill patients with sepsis from five RCTs.

Real-Time Probing of Morphological Evolution and Recrystallization During Solvent Annealing in Blade-Coated All-Polymer Organic Solar Cells Using In Situ X-Ray Scattering.

Optimizing the morphology of the active layer is crucial for achieving high photovoltaic conversion efficiency in all-polymer solar cells (APSCs). Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) is an essential post-treatment strategy for controlling active layer morphology. However, most current SVA are conducted ex situ, limiting their ability to accurately reveal the morphological evolution of active layers of APSCs.

An Exploratory Research to Evaluate the 30 Most Common Pulmonary Embolism Drugs in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Backgrounds: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease and a common cause of death. However, it is currently unclear which clinically common drugs can lead to PE.

Methods: We collected, organized, and analyzed reports from the first quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2022.

Molecule-Cooperative Strategy for Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Layer toward Fully Printed High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cell Modules.

Enabling large-area deposition of dopant-free organic hole transport layers (HTLs) with high reproducibility and uniformity is crucial for fully printed n-i-p perovskite solar cell (pero-SC) modules. However, typical polymer hole transport materials (HTMs), with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics, show shear rate-dependent viscosity during the printing process, whereas blade-coated small-molecule HTLs often exhibit unfavorable assembly behavior and solute random distribution caused by molecular aggregation and low viscosity; these factors impose challenges on blade-coating of high-quality large-area HTL films. Here, we designed a dopant-free small molecule BDT-MB with high mobility and further proposed a molecular cooperative (MC) strategy by combining with polymer D18.

Molecularly Interlocked Interfaces Enable Record-Efficiency Stretchable Organic Photovoltaics.

The development of stretchable organic solar cells (s-OSCs) demands concurrent breakthroughs in mechanical compliance and electronic properties, and the challenge is rooted in the intrinsic mechanical mismatch between organic semiconductors and metal electrodes. Here, this study proposes dual-phase interface engineering strategies to reconcile these conflicting requirements through molecularly interlocked conductive elastomers. Dynamic stress dissipation through dynamic bond plasticity is achieved by embedding a 3D interpenetrating conducting elastomer network within the electron transport layer (ETL).

Effects of Esketamine Versus Remifentanil on Hemodynamics and Prognosis in Patients with Septic Shock Receiving Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Analgesics and sedatives may affect the hemodynamics of patients with septic shock and produce adverse reactions. The purpose of this study is to compare the hemodynamic effects and prognosis of esketamine and remifentanil in combination with propofol in patients with septic shock receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study, patients with septic shock in the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving invasive mechanical ventilation were randomized to receive esketamine or remifentanil in combination with propofol intravenously.

Protective nutrition strategy in the acute phase of critical illness: why, what and how to protect.

Nutritional support is crucial for critically ill patients. Recent clinical studies suggest that both overfeeding during the acute phase of critical illness and overly conservative or delayed nutritional therapy can pose significant risks. Given substantial individual variability among critically ill patients, it is challenging to prescribe universally applicable and objective feeding strategies; Instead, we pointed out which nutritional interventions were harmful.

Control of molecular aggregation structures towards flexible organic photovoltaics.

Flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) utilizing conjugated polymers have shown considerable promise in the field of wearable electronic devices. Although active-layer materials featuring extensive conjugated structures demonstrate good electron and optical properties, they often suffer from brittleness, which poses a significant challenge to the advancement of flexible OPVs. The aggregation structure of molecules within the active layer is pivotal in determining its mechanical properties, particularly its stretchability.

Fabricating High-Performance Organic Solar Cells by Using Inside-Chain Chlorinated Acceptor as a Ternary Component.

In this study, two molecules, WLA1 and WLA2, with the same molecular backbone but with different degrees of inside-chain chlorination, are designed and synthesized to elucidate the effects of chlorine substitution strategies on the morphology of small-molecule acceptors and blended films. The chlorinated WLA2 enhances crystallinity and molecular stacking. For binary organic solar cells (OSCs), the corresponding blended films of WLA2 exhibit suitable phase separation and crystallinity.

Enhancing π-π stacking by a halogen substituent in a single-molecule junction.

Modulating π-π interactions and understanding their impact on charge transport at the molecular scale are critical for advancing supramolecular electronics. Herein, anthracene-based molecular wires (Py-X, X = H, F, Cl, Br) were synthesized and the effect of halogen substituents on π-π stacking was investigated. Experimental results revealed that Py-Br and Py-Cl form both monomer and π-stacked dimer junctions, while Py-H and Py-F only form monomer junctions.

Effect of timing of norepinephrine administration on prognosis of patients with septic shock: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Sepsis and septic shock are major healthcare problems worldwide, associated with substantial mortality. Early administration of norepinephrine in septic shock patients has been associated with an increased survival rate, but the timing from septic shock to norepinephrine initiation is controversial. This study examined the associations between the timing of initial norepinephrine administration and clinical outcomes in adult patients with septic shock.

Histogram analysis of multiple mathematical diffusion-weighted imaging models for preoperative prediction of Ki-67 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To explore whether a combination of clinico-radiological factors and histogram parameters based on monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched exponential models derived from the whole-tumor volume on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) could predict Ki-67 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).

Materials And Methods: Histogram parameters based on whole-tumor volumes were derived from monoexponential model, biexponential model, and stretched exponential model. Histogram parameters were compared between HCCs with high and low Ki-67 expression.

Bioactive coumarins from Notopterygium incisum root: A step toward natural ant-infammatory candidates.

Five novel coumarins (1-5) were isolated from the root of Notopterygium incisum, and their chemical structures were elucidated based on HRESIMS and NMR spectral data. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-5 were evaluated in a lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cell model by measuring the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α).

Combining Chemical Catalysis with Enzymatic Steps for the Synthesis of the Artemisinin Precursor Dihydroartemisinic Acid.

The supply of artemisinin, the primary antimalarial drug recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), is limited due to synthesis cost and supply constraints. This study explores novel chemo-enzymatic pathways for the efficient synthesis of dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA), the penultimate precursor to artemisinin. The key concept here is to leverage the seamless integration of chemical and enzymatic steps for more thoroughly exploring synthesis alternatives.

A Structurally Simple Polymer Donor Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Minimal Energy Losses.

Energy loss (E) between optical energy gap (E) and open-circuit voltage (eV) sets efficiency upper limits for organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, further breaking the limit of E in OSCs is challenging, especially via structurally simple materials in binary OSCs. Herein, a structurally simple nonhalogenated polymer donor, namely PBDCT, is developed for realizing high-efficiency OSCs with record-breaking E.

Cross-Modal Conditioned Reconstruction for Language-Guided Medical Image Segmentation.

Recent developments underscore the potential of textual information in enhancing learning models for a deeper understanding of medical visual semantics. However, language-guided medical image segmentation still faces a challenging issue. Previous works employ implicit architectures to embed textual information.

Low-Volatility Fused-Ring Solid Additive Engineering for Synergistically Elongating Exciton Lifetime and Mitigating Trap Density Toward Organic Solar Cells of 20.5% Efficiency.

Volatile solid additives (VSAs) with single or fused-ring structures have attracted much attention for enhancing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). While the working mechanisms of high-volatility single-ring additives have been well studied, the influence of low-volatility fused-ring VSAs on molecular aggregations and exciton/carrier dynamics remains still unclear. Herein, 3,6-dibromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene (3,6TTBr) is selected as a representative low-volatility fused-ring VSA to elucidate its working mechanism.

Tailoring Buried Interface and Minimizing Energy Loss Enable Efficient Narrow and Wide Bandgap Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Aluminum Glycinate Based Organometallic Molecule.

Rational regulation of Me-4PACz/perovskite interface has emerged as a significant challenge in the pursuit of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an organometallic molecule of aluminum glycinate (AG) that contained amine (-NH) and aluminum hydroxyl (Al-OH) groups is developed to tailor the buried interface and minimize interface-driven energy losses. The Al-OH groups selectively bonded with unanchored O═P-OH and bare NiO-OH to optimize the surface morphology and energy levels, while the -NH group interacted specifically with Pb to retard perovskite crystallization, passivate buried Pb-related defects, and release residual interface stress.