Low harmonic distortion demodulation scheme for PMDI-TDM structure fiber-optic sensor array.

The fiber-optic sensor array based on path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI)-time division multiplexing (TDM) offers the advantages of minimal channel crosstalk and high sensitivity. The 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler demodulation is the commonly employed scheme for PMDI-TDM. However, due to the non-ideal characteristics of the 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler and inconsistencies in multi-channel photodetectors, harmonic distortion occurs during signal demodulation.

Advanced nanotherapies for precision treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.

Inflammatory lung diseases, particularly those associated with acute pulmonary inflammation, represent a major clinical challenge due to their high global morbidity and mortality rates, as well as the absence of effective and safe therapies. While traditional pharmacological interventions have been frequently used for managing acute inflammatory lung diseases, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. Recently, advanced nanotherapies have emerged as a promising paradigm for targeted treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, leveraging the unique pathophysiological features of acute pulmonary inflammation, characterized by excessive inflammatory mediator production and robust immune cell infiltration.

Identifying fibroblast-derived sFRP2 as a therapeutic target and engineering siRNA therapy for uterine scarring.

Uterine scarring is a common complication following uterine injury, characterized by abnormal wound healing in the endometrial or myometrial tissue. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to scar formation remain unclear, impeding the development of effective drugs for uterine scarring. Here, we identify that secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) is highly expressed in human and mouse uterine tissues with uterine scarring, particularly in uterine fibroblasts.

Uncovering Convergent Cell State Dynamics Across Divergent Genetic Perturbations Through Single-Cell High-Content CRISPR Screening.

High-throughput genomic studies have uncovered associations between diverse genetic alterations and disease phenotypes; however, elucidating how perturbations in functionally disparate genes give rise to convergent cellular states remains challenging. Here, we present PerturbFate, a high-throughput, cost-effective, combinatorial-indexing single-cell platform that enables systematic interrogation of massively parallel CRISPR perturbations across the full spectrum of gene regulation, from chromatin remodeling and nascent transcription to steady-state transcriptomic phenotypes. Using PerturbFate, we profiled over 300,000 cultured melanoma cells to characterize multi-modal phenotypic and gene regulatory responses to perturbations in more than 140 Vemurafenib resistance-associated genes.

Development and validation of a risk nomogram predicting pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement post-percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy.

Background: Pneumothorax requiring chest tube after CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy presents added clinical risk and costs to the healthcare system. Identifying high-risk patients can prompt alternative biopsy modes and/or better preparation for more focused post-procedural care. We aimed to develop and externally validate a risk nomogram for pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement following CT-guided lung biopsy, leveraging quantitative emphysema algorithm.

Morphology-Controllable Liquid Metal/Diamond Sandwich-Structured Thermal Interface Material toward High-Efficiency Thermal Management.

With the exponential growth of AI computing power, the power density of electronic devices has exceeded 1 kW/cm, rendering traditional thermal management materials insufficient to handle the challenges of high heat flux density. Developing thermal interface materials (TIMs) with both high thermal conductivity (≥10 W m K) and interface compatibility is crucial. This study introduces a dual-level interface engineering strategy, constructing a thermally conductive adhesive layer with low interfacial thermal resistance (4 K mm W) and excellent electrical insulation properties (2.

Cyclodextrin-Derived Macromolecular Therapies for Inflammatory Diseases.

Inflammation is an essential physiological defense mechanism against harmful stimuli, yet dysregulated inflammatory responses are closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous acute and chronic diseases. Recent advances highlight the remarkable anti-inflammatory potential of bioactive macromolecules, particularly cyclodextrins (CDs) and their engineered derivatives, which are emerging as promising therapeutic agents. This review systematically introduces different CDs and CD-derived macromolecules that demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties, with emphasis on their molecular mechanisms of action.

A ROS-responsive nanoprodrug-engineered phage biotherapy for precision treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia.

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) pose a significant threat to global healthcare, causing severe morbidity and mortality rates in pneumonia cases. Despite the effectiveness of polymyxins, their clinical use is limited by toxicity and emerging bacterial resistance. Here, we describe a precisely targeting, biohybrid therapeutic platform that combines a polymyxin B-based prodrug nanosystem with an engineered phage.

Single-cell RNA sequencing-guided engineering of mitochondrial therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating mtDNA/SPARC-STING signaling.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of discogenic low back pain, contributing significantly to global disability and economic burden. Current treatments provide only short-term pain relief without addressing the underlying pathogenesis. Herein we report engineering of biomimetic therapies for IVDD guided by single-cell RNA-sequencing data from human nucleus pulposus tissues, along with validation using animal models.

CTCF is selectively required for maintaining chromatin accessibility and gene expression in human erythropoiesis.

Background: CTCF is considered as the most essential transcription factor regulating chromatin architecture and gene expression. However, genome-wide impact of CTCF on erythropoiesis has not been extensively investigated.

Results: Using a state-of-the-art human erythroid progenitor cell model (HUDEP-2 and HEL cell lines), we systematically investigate the effects of acute CTCF loss by an auxin-inducible degron system on transcriptional programs, chromatin accessibility, CTCF genome occupancy, and genome architecture.

Water resource utilization and future supply-demand scenarios in energy cities of semi-arid regions.

Analyzing the characteristics of water resource utilization and forecasting future supply-demand dynamics are of great practical significance for water resource planning and allocation. This study focuses on the water supply-demand challenges in energy cities located in semi-arid regions, using Qingyang City as a case study. The future water demand of various sectors was simulated and projected, and the supply-demand balance under different socioeconomic and climate scenarios was analyzed using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways framework combined with climate model data.

Light Weight Organic Composites with High Thermal Management Capability.

With the advancement of science and technology, effectively addressing the issue of heat dissipation in electronic equipment has become a key research topic. Polymers have attracted attention due to their low price, excellent flexibility, and lightweight characteristics, but thermal conductivity has a limitation. In this work, aiming for all-polymer composites with lightweight and high thermal conductivity, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers were used to construct a long-range ordered heat transfer path in the organosilicon matrix, and an all-organic composite material with a low density of 1.

Study on the Chemical Composition and Multidrug Resistance Reversal Activity of (Euphorbiaceae).

belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is widely distributed in northern Xinjiang, making it a characteristic plant of the region in Xinjiang, China. The chemical composition and biological activity of have not yet been reported, although certain compounds isolated from plants in Xinjiang, China, have demonstrated exceptional multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal. This study aims to investigate the chemical components present in with the potential to reverse MDR.

Pathophysiology-Directed Engineering of a Combination Nanoanalgesic for Neuropathic Pain.

Neuropathic pain, one of the most refractory pain diseases, remains a formidable medical challenge. There is still an unmet demand for effective and safe therapies to address this condition. Herein, a rat model of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is first established to explore its pathophysiological characteristics.

New therapeutic target NCF1-directed multi-bioactive conjugate therapies prevent preterm birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this condition remain undeciphered, thus limiting discovery of new therapies. In-depth analyses of human and mouse tissues associated with PTB, in combination with cellular studies, indicated that aberrantly high-expressed neutrophil cytoplasmic factor (NCF) 1 leads to oxidative distress, recruitment, and pro-inflammatory activation of neutrophils and macrophages, while sequentially overexpressed pro-inflammatory mediators induce contractions of uterine smooth muscle cells (USMCs) as well as apoptosis of USMCs and amniotic epithelial cells, thereby causing PTB. According to these new findings, we rationally engineered an amphiphilic macromolecular conjugate LPA by covalently integrating low-molecular-weight heparin, a reactive oxygen species-responsive/scavenging component, and an anti-inflammatory peptide.

An Osteoimmunomodulatory Biopatch Potentiates Stem Cell Therapies for Bone Regeneration by Simultaneously Regulating IL-17/Ferroptosis Signaling Pathways.

Currently, there are still great challenges in promoting bone defect healing, a common health problem affecting millions of people. Herein an osteoimmunity-regulating biopatch capable of promoting stem cell-based therapies for bone regeneration is developed. A totally biodegradable conjugate is first synthesized, which can self-assemble into bioactive nano micelles (PPT NMs).

Multichiral Mesoporous Silica Screws with Chiral Differential Mucus Penetration and Mucosal Adhesion for Oral Drug Delivery.

In the harsh gastrointestinal tract, helical bacteria with hierarchical chiral architectures possess strong abilities. Taking inspirations from nature, we developed a multichiral mesoporous silica nanoscrew (L/D-MCNS) as an efficient oral drug delivery platform by modifying the structural chiral silica nanoscrew (CNS) with L/D-alanine (L/D-Ala) enantiomers via the sequential application of a chiral template and postmodification strategies. We demonstrated that L-MCNS showed differential biological behaviors and superior advantages in oral adsorption compared to those of CNS, D-MCNS, and DL-MCNS.