Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Granzyme K CD8 T Cells as a Target for Mitigating Plaque Instability Following Radiation.

Background: Cardiac issues following radiotherapy are increasingly prevalent among patients with thoracic cancer and coronary disease. However, the mechanisms underlying radiotherapy-induced plaque instability and changes in plaque characteristics on imaging remain unclear. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify key features of vulnerable plaques following radiotherapy.

PRMT5 encourages cell migration and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through methylating ΔNp63α.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a common oral malignancy prone to metastasis, whose underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here, we report the oncogenic roles of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in TSCC via inhibiting transcription factor ΔNp63α. We found that PRMT5 physically interacts with ΔNp63α, resulting in impairment of ΔNp63α-mediated transcriptional regulation.

Comparative analysis of endplate volumetric bone mineral density and endplate vertebral bone quality for predicting cage subsidence in lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the predictive efficacy of quantitative CT (QCT)-based endplate volumetric bone mineral density (EP-vBMD) and MRI-based endplate vertebral bone quality (EBQ) score for cage subsidence (CS) after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent single-level LLIF in conjunction with pedicle screw fixation at the authors' institution between January 2019 and April 2023. The volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured based on preoperative CT using phantom-less QCT software.

Challenging 21-day quarantine guidelines for mumps in Beijing: Data-driven recommendations for a high-coverage MMR vaccination era (2019-2024).

Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease. Following Beijing's implementation of a three-dose MMR vaccination strategy, incidence rates declined significantly. However, the current 21-d quarantine period lacks evidence-based support, resulting in low compliance and conflicts between healthcare providers and patients.

Sakuranetin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and rescues the ovariectomy-induced bone loss by blocking PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Bone remodeling constitutes an intricate physiological process essential for maintaining skeletal integrity. Hyperactivation of osteoclastogenesis precipitates excessive resorption of osseous tissue, consequently engendering osteoporotic pathology. The formulation of effective anti-resorptive therapeutic modalities remains a potential strategy in the clinical management of osteoporosis.

Integrated diagnostics and time series sensitivity assessment for growth monitoring of a medicinal plant ( Fisch.) based on unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral sensors.

Background: Water and nitrogen are essential elements prone to deficiency during plant growth. Current water-fertilizer monitoring technologies are unable to meet the demands of large-scale cultivation. Near-ground remote sensing technology based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral image is widely used for crop growth monitoring and agricultural management and has proven to be effective for assessing water and nitrogen status.

Raw event-based adversarial attacks for Spiking Neural Networks with configurable latencies.

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and data from Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVSs) offer energy-efficient solutions for edge devices with limited battery life. The input latencies of event data to SNNs are critical for energy savings, and reducing these latencies through configurable parameters is essential. However, security concerns, particularly adversarial attacks on SNNs, are increasingly significant.

Sensitivity-driven control strategy and analysis of operating parameter MLSS in the stacking total nitrogen prediction model.

The operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is frequently characterized by complexity, largely attributable to the properties of the influent and the nonlinear fluctuations that occur throughout the wastewater treatment process. Accurate modeling of wastewater quality within WWTPs is essential for informed decision-making. In this research, we utilized a stacking model to amalgamate five foundational models, thereby enhancing the precision of the total nitrogen (TN) prediction model for effluent.

Perioperative lactate levels as prognostic indicators in patients undergoing early excision and grafting for extensive burns.

Background: Elevated lactate levels are reliable biomarkers of tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic stress. However, their prognostic significance in extensive burn patients undergoing early excision and grafting (EEG) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of perioperative lactate levels in predicting clinical deterioration following EEG in patients with extensive burns.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic therapy as second- or further-line treatment for small cell lung cancer: Efficacy, safety, and prognostic biomarkers.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options, especially after failure of initial therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic agents have emerged as promising options for relapsed SCLC. This observational study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICIs plus anti-angiogenic therapy for relapsed SCLC patients, and to identify potential prognostic indicators.

The application of organoids in treatment decision-making for digestive system cancers: progress and challenges.

Digestive system cancers-including gastric, liver, colorectal, esophageal, and pancreatic malignancies-remain leading causes of cancer death, with treatment resistance posing major challenges in advanced disease. Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs), 3D mini-tumors grown from patient biopsies, have revolutionized personalized oncology by faithfully replicating tumor biology and enabling predictive drug testing for chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. While demonstrating good predictive accuracy, current limitations include incomplete tumor microenvironments, variable establishment rates, and lengthy processing times.

monitoring before and after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the TROPHY study group.

Background And Objectives: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with the translocation of chromosome (6;9)(p23;q34) forms the DEK-NUP214 fusion mRNA, which is a rare subtype (~1%). Owing to the paucity of this AML subtype, comprehensive studies analysing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) outcomes are lacking.

Methods: We aimed to evaluate the dynamic evolution of transcripts before and after allo-HSCT as well as the impact of pretransplant status on posttransplant outcomes in AML patients in a retrospective, multicentre study ( = 14).

Improving CAR-T cell function through a targeted cytokine delivery system utilizing car target-modified extracellular vesicles.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies; however, its efficacy can be limited by poor T-cell persistence and insufficient antitumor activity in certain cases. Moreover, interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a prominent agent in cancer immunotherapy, but its clinical application is constrained by severe toxicity associated with systemic exposure. In this study, we developed a novel cytokine delivery platform based on CAR target-modified cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that preferentially bind CAR-T cells to improve CAR-T-cell function.

A personalized prediction model for distinguishing between asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using machine learning.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by uropathogenic (UPEC). Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a significant contributor, but lots of patients are difficult to distinguish. Distinguishing between ASB and symptomatic UTIs can greatly assist clinicians in rational use of antimicrobials.

Beyond Handrubs: QAC Wipes as a Water-Sparing Alternative for Protein-Contaminated Hand Hygiene with Persistent Dorsum Challenges.

Background: This study compared the effectiveness of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) wipes, handwashing, and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in removing microorganisms from hands contaminated with proteinaceous organic matter.

Methods: A self-controlled crossover trial recruited 15 volunteers who received standardized hand hygiene training. Participants underwent three intervention methods: (1) handwashing with non-antimicrobial soap and running water for 60 seconds; (2) hand rubbing with 70% ethanol + 0.

Additive manufacturing of planar waveguides for terahertz applications.

The emerging planar photonic crystal (PC) and effective medium (EM) waveguides are considered promising technical platforms for terahertz communications. Beyond short-scale connections and various signal processing functionalities, versatile terahertz on-chip systems could be achievable by their physical integration; however, the inefficient coupling poses challenges. In this work, we propose an interface design between planar PC and EM waveguides with minimal insertion loss.

Characteristics and risk factors for medical malpractice among obstetric and gynecologic physicians in China.

Background: Limited information is available on malpractice claims against obstetricians and gynecologists in China. This study identifies risk factors associated with malpractice and explores the correlation between the hospital characteristics and medical errors in obstetrics and gynecology.

Methods: This observational study analyzed all obstetric and gynecologic malpractice claims submitted to the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) from 2016 to 2023.

The effect of weight change on death and cardiovascular events after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Weight changes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) follow different trajectories, but the effects of different trajectories on death and cardiovascular events are largely unknown. The aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the effects of weight changes after RYGB on cardiovascular events and mortality rate.

Methods: This cohort study included patients who underwent primary RYGB in Sweden from 2007 to 2018 with a complete registration of weight at baseline, at nadir weight loss and 5-year follow-up (n = 25 230) with a mean BMI of 42.

Topology-optimized terahertz broadband polarization-independent reconfigurable multifunctional Dirac-semimetal-coding metasurface.

In this paper, a broadband reflective terahertz polarization-independent reconfigurable multifunctional coding metasurface based on topological optimization using Dirac semimetals as controllable materials, which can realize flexible control of beam steering and vortex beam generation in the frequency range of 1.54-1.58 THz, is presented.

1 × 5 polarization-independent photonic crystal power splitters designed by the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

We propose a 1×5polarization-independent power splitter based on a photonic crystal. Control air holes at the waveguide junctions are introduced to realize equal and unequal distribution of beams with high transmittance. In order to improve optimization efficiency and splitting performance, according to the target splitting ratios, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to reverse-design the radii and offsets of control air holes.

1 × 3 ultra-wideband photonic crystal waveguide power splitter designed by the downhill simplex algorithm.

An ultra-wideband 1×3 beam splitter based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide is proposed. Different splitting ratios can be achieved by optimizing the radii and offsets of six control dielectric rods. To improve optimization efficiency and splitting performance, the downhill simplex optimization algorithm is used to inverse-design the ultra-wideband 1×3 photonic crystal beam splitter structure.

Inhibitory effects of berberine against : an insight on its anticaries potential.

Dental caries is a prevalent biofilm-related oral infectious disease, in which plays an important role in the pathological process. The discovery of novel agents with inhibitory effects on is essential to develop effective strategies against dental caries. Plant extracts are a rich source of novel chemicals for the discovery of more effective antimicrobial agents.

Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle.

Chinese red steppe cattle, a highly developed breed for their meat and milk, are not well known about the formation mechanisms for high-quality beef. Furthermore, many fundamental investigations of cattle are hampered by deficient full-length cDNAs. Here, we utilized ONT full-length transcript sequencing from 9 bovine preadipocytes during 3 periods to find 2502 novel genes and 3253 novel transcriptomes, further improving the quality of reference genome annotation.

De novo genome assembly of Yanbian cattle using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C combined with RNA-seq data.

Yanbian cattle are a native cattle breed originating from the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, northeastern China. Developed over centuries through natural and artificial selection under cold climatic conditions, this breed is highly adapted to harsh environments, including low temperatures, rugged terrain, and sparse forage. Here, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for Yanbian cattle using HiFi, Hi-C and RNA-seq data.