Challenging 21-day quarantine guidelines for mumps in Beijing: Data-driven recommendations for a high-coverage MMR vaccination era (2019-2024).

Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease. Following Beijing's implementation of a three-dose MMR vaccination strategy, incidence rates declined significantly. However, the current 21-d quarantine period lacks evidence-based support, resulting in low compliance and conflicts between healthcare providers and patients.

FocalTransNet: A Hybrid Focal-Enhanced Transformer Network for Medical Image Segmentation.

CNNs have demonstrated superior performance in medical image segmentation. To overcome the limitation of only using local receptive field, previous work has attempted to integrate Transformers into convolutional network components such as encoders, decoders, or skip connections. However, these methods can only establish long-distance dependencies for some specific patterns and usually neglect the loss of fine-grained details during downsampling in multi-scale feature extraction.

Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in a Honeycomb Spiral Spin-Liquid Candidate.

Unlike conventional magnetic states, which lack degeneracy, the spiral spin liquid (SSL) fluctuates among degenerate spiral configurations, with ground-state wave vectors forming a continuous contour or surface in reciprocal space. At low temperatures, the field-induced crossover from the polarized ferromagnetic state to the SSL results in a large entropy increase and decalescence, indicating its potential for magnetic cooling. However, magnetic cooling using a SSL has yet to be reported.

OCT-PAM dual-mode imaging to evaluate early ischemic stroke in rats.

Early diagnosis of ischemic stroke is crucial for timely intervention and saving brain function. The mechanisms of stroke are complex, involving multiple parameters such as blood flow perfusion, tissue status, and oxygenation levels. These parameters interact with each other, necessitating multiple systems to evaluate.

Adaptively trigger memory network with temporal consistency for semi-supervised long video object segmentation.

Semi-supervised video object segmentation is an extremely challenging task especially for long video sequence due to the difficulty in fully exploring the spatiotemporal information. Hereby, we propose a video object segmentation model based on adaptive memory bank and time consistency to build spatiotemporal relationship. First, we design an adaptive memory bank, in which the update trigger module can detect inter-frame differences and adaptively trigger memory bank updates, avoiding ignoring key frames and reducing redundant calculations on unrelated pixels.

QCNN-Swin-UNet: Quantum Convolutional Neural Network Integrated with Optimized Swin-UNet for Efficient Liver Tumor Segmentation and Classification on Edge Devices.

Accurate segmentation and classification of liver tumors are crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment planning. However, conventional deep learning models such as tumor heterogeneity, class imbalance, and high computational demands face challenges, limiting their clinical deployment. This study introduces a lightweight hybrid framework combining an optimized Swin-UNet for segmentation with a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) for classification.

Non-contact all-optic OCT-PAM imaging with shared detection light.

We proposed a non-contact all-optic OCT-PAM dual-modal system based on a single detection light source. A homodyne low-coherence interferometer was adopted to detect the vibration induced by photoacoustic excitation. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) shared the same broadband light source for signal detection, thus simplifying the dual-modal system and making it compact.

Hybrid domain enhancement network for lightweight image super-resolution.

In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning, convolutional neural network-based approaches for image super-resolution (SR) have made great progress. However, the majority of these methods have high computational complexity and substantial memory demands due to their deep and intricate network designs, which pose significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we propose a lightweight hybrid domain enhancement network (HDEN).

Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Colposcopy in a Resource-Limited Population.

Objective: This study evaluates the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) colposcopy in detecting cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in real-world scenarios within resource-limited areas.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants with positive human papilloma virus results or who were cytologic positive were referred for colposcopy, during which AI colposcopy was implemented.

Beam field guided diffusion model for liver cancer radiotherapy dose distribution prediction.

Background: Deep learning has been widely applied to the design of cancer radiotherapy treatment planning for dose distribution prediction. However, the significant variability in tumor size, quantity, and location poses substantial challenges for accurate dose distribution prediction in liver cancer radiotherapy.

Purpose: Given that the clinical effectiveness and accuracy of the predicted dose distribution directly impact the quality of treatment plans generated by automatic radiotherapy planning methods, this study aims to develop a novel and precise dose prediction method based on diffusion models.

The clinical performance of different cervical cancer screening strategies in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Objectives: This study evaluates the clinical performance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing, liquid-based cytology (LBC), and HR-HPV and LBC co-testing for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods: A total of 6,085 premenopausal and 4,766 postmenopausal women were recruited for cervical cancer screening using LBC and HR-HPV testing. Following screening, colposcopy and biopsy for pathology were performed according to established protocols.

Compact photoacoustic endoscopy by measuring initial photoacoustic pressure using phase-shift interferometry.

This paper demonstrates a novel photoacoustic endoscopy method using phase-shift interferometry (PSI) for photoacoustic signal detection. The method employs a three-step phase-shifting interferometry technique to detect changes in light intensity induced by the initial photoacoustic pressure. This enables identical optical structures for photoacoustic excitation and detection, simplifying the probe design and facilitating miniaturization.

Optical attenuation coefficient decorrelation-based optical coherence tomography angiography for microvascular evaluation of Alzheimer's disease on mice.

Significance: The deep cortical microvasculature is closely linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, tail artifacts from superficial cortical vessels often interfere with detecting deep vessels in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. A more accurate method to assess deep cortical vasculature is crucial for understanding its relationship with AD onset.

HPV vaccination willingness among 3,081 secondary school parents in China's capital.

Assessing knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine and vaccine willingness among Beijing secondary school parents, and identifying decision-influencing factors. Selected via multi-stage stratified sampling, 3,081 Chaoyang secondary school students' parents participated in a June-August 2024 study. They completed a questionnaire assessing HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and vaccination willingness.

Factors influencing clinical decision-making and health-related quality of life changes in colorectal cancer patients receiving targeted therapy: a multicenter study in China.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to assess the current clinical application of targeted therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), identify factors influencing patients' acceptance of targeted therapy, and evaluate its impact of targeted therapy on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: This study was based on a national multi-center survey. From March 2020 to March 2021, involved 19 tertiary hospitals across seven regions in China through multi-stage stratified sampling.

Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Apoptosis Induction by Total Alkaloids of Gelsemium elegans Benth.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) activity of total alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans Benth. (TAG) in vivo and in vitro and to elucidate their potential mechanisms of action through transcriptomic analysis.

Methods: TAG extraction was conducted, and the primary components were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Cognition-Oriented Multiagent Reinforcement Learning.

Inspired by psychological insights into individual behavior, we propose a novel cognition-oriented multiagent reinforcement learning (CORL) framework. CORL equips agents with two distinct types of cognition-situational and self-cognition-derived from local observations. To enhance the informativeness and precision of these cognition types, we introduce two information-theoretical regularizers: one to align situational cognition with the global state and the other to align self-cognition with each agent's identity for improved role differentiation and team coordination.

Bioinspired energy-free temperature gradient regulator for significant enhancement of thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

Enhancing thermoelectric conversion efficiency (TCE) is pivotal for advancing global energy conservation and emission reduction initiatives. Traditional approaches primarily focus on microscopic strategies such as bandgap engineering, chemical potential adjustments, and entropy engineering. However, these methods face substantial limitations in practical applications due to challenging material property requirements.

Spiral Spin Liquid in a Frustrated Honeycomb Antiferromagnet: A Single-Crystal Study of GdZnPO.

The frustrated honeycomb spin model can stabilize a subextensively degenerate spiral spin liquid with nontrivial topological excitations and defects, but its material realization remains rare. Here, we report the experimental realization of this model in the structurally disorder-free compound GdZnPO. Using a single-crystal sample, we find that spin-7/2 rare-earth Gd^{3+} ions form a honeycomb lattice with dominant second-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic and first-nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic couplings, along with easy-plane single-site anisotropy.

Comprehensive Multidimensional Analysis of Metal(loid)-Containing Dust in Plastic Sports Facilities: Insights into the Potential Sources and Health Risks.

Dust released from widely established plastic sports courts and synthetic turf poses potential environmental and health risks. Herein, we systematically investigate the metal(loid) characteristics, potential sources, and health risks of 162 dust samples from 17 campuses in Beijing, using complementary analytical techniques. Bulk analysis revealed higher levels of Zn, Pb, Cu, Sb, Cd, and Cr than background values, suggesting excessive anthropogenic contamination.

Metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance in primary and metastatic breast cancer.

Metabolic alterations, a hallmark of cancer, enable tumor cells to adapt to their environment by modulating glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, which fuels rapid growth and contributes to treatment resistance. In primary breast cancer, metabolic shifts such as the Warburg effect and enhanced lipid synthesis are closely linked to chemotherapy failure. Similarly, metastatic lesions often display distinct metabolic profiles that not only sustain tumor growth but also confer resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Exposure Assessment of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Absorbers in Plastic Sports Field Dust and Indoor Dust: Are Plastic Sports Fields High Exposure Scenarios?

Benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (BUVs), as emerging contaminants of extensive use, especially in plastic sports fields, have aroused increasing concern due to their potential human and environmental impacts. However, BUV exposure from plastic sports field dust is still unknown. This study compared BUVs in plastic sports field dust and indoor dust for the first time.

Spermidine mitigates ferroptosis in free fatty acid-induced AML-12 cells through the ATF4/SLC7A11/GCLM/GPX4 pathway.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Spermidine (SPD), a naturally occurring polyamine, has shown potential in alleviating the accumulation of hepatic lipids and reducing NAFLD symptoms in overweight mice. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms through which SPD exerts its effects remain largely unknown.