FocalTransNet: A Hybrid Focal-Enhanced Transformer Network for Medical Image Segmentation.

CNNs have demonstrated superior performance in medical image segmentation. To overcome the limitation of only using local receptive field, previous work has attempted to integrate Transformers into convolutional network components such as encoders, decoders, or skip connections. However, these methods can only establish long-distance dependencies for some specific patterns and usually neglect the loss of fine-grained details during downsampling in multi-scale feature extraction.

Electronic nose, flavoromics, and lipidomics reveal flavor changes in of fattening Saanen goats by dietary regel flavonoids.

Lipid type was closely related to meat flavor. The influence of Regel flavonoids (AMRF) on the flavor and lipid composition of goat meat is unclear. We integrated electronic nose, flavoromics, and lipidomics analyses to reveal the effects of AMRF supplementation on flavor changes in of fattening Saanen dairy goats.

Silver-Doped Porous Copper Catalysts for Efficient Resource Utilization of CO-Containing Flue Gases.

CO is both a key intermediate in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO and a valuable C resource, with the potential to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the energy crisis. However, industrially emitted CO remains underutilized due to inefficiencies and economic challenges. Electrocatalytic CO reduction offers a promising approach for the efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of CO-containing flue gases.

Enhancing Holstein steers growth performance: oregano essential oil's impact on rumen development, functionality and microorganism.

Background: Dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil (OEO), a natural plant extracts, is an effective and acceptable method to improve growth, beef quantity and quality, but the undergoing mechanism in rumen has not yet been reported in Holstein steers. This study investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, digestive enzymes activity, rumen development and microbiota in Holstein steers. Eighteen steers were randomly divided into two groups (n = 9) and fed either a basal diet (CCK) or the same diet supplemented with 20 g/(d·head) OEO (CEO) for 270 days.

Pre-Label-Free Three-Dimensional Imaging of Cellular Bottom Topography with a Charge-Lock Electrochemiluminescence Microscope.

Cellular bottom structure plays a vital role in cell mobility, but its narrow space makes it difficult to study. Currently, it remains challenging to panoramically map the cellular bottom topography variations due to the potential cellular damage and off-target effects of luminophores when using current ultra-high-resolution optical microscopy. Here, we present charge-lock spatiotemporal transformation electrochemiluminescence (CL-STTECL) microscopy.

Maternal Melatonin Contributes to Offspring Hair Follicle Development Through Transcriptional Regulation of the AP-1 Complex and MAPK Pathway.

Maternal melatonin (MT) readily crosses the placental barrier to enter the fetal circulation, and it holds the potential to enhance hair follicle (HF) development, possibly augmented through nutritional interventions during pregnancy. However, the specific impact of maternal MT treatment on fetal HF development remains largely unexplored. In this study, we implanted pregnant rabbits with 10 mg of MT-containing and non-MT-containing silica gel microcapsules.

Facile Synthesis of Sandwich-Type Porous Structured Ni(OH)/NCNWs/rGO Composite for High Performance Supercapacitor.

Nickel hydroxide has ultra-high energy storage capacity in supercapacitors, but poor electrical conductivity limits their further application. The use of graphene to improve its conductivity is an effective measure, but how to suppress the stacking of graphene and improve the overall performance of composite materials has become a new challenge. In this work, a well-designed substrate of N-doped carbon nanowires with reduced graphene oxide (NCNWs/rGO) was fabricated by growing polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires between GO nanosheets layers and then calcining them at high temperatures.

Living biobank: Standardization of organoid construction and challenges.

In multiple areas such as science, technology, and economic activities, it is necessary to unify the management of repetitive tasks or concepts by standardization to obtain the best order and high efficiency. Organoids, as living tissue models, have rapidly developed in the past decade. Organoids can be used repetitively for in vitro culture, cryopreservation, and recovery for further utilization.

Artificial intelligence efficiently predicts gastric lesions, infection and lymph node metastasis upon endoscopic images.

Objective: Medical images have been increased rapidly in digital medicine era, presenting an opportunity for the intervention of artificial intelligence (AI). In order to explore the value of convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms in endoscopic images, we developed an AI-assisted comprehensive analysis system for endoscopic images and explored its performance in clinical real scenarios.

Methods: A total of 6,270 white light endoscopic images from 516 cases were used to train 14 different CNN models.

GRP94 promotes anoikis resistance and peritoneal metastasis through YAP/TEAD1 pathway in gastric cancer.

Anoikis resistance allows cancer cells to avoid death caused by detachment from the extracellular matrix's adhesion, enabling these cells to infiltrate and migrate to regions such as the peritoneum. This study emphasizes GRP94's involvement in anoikis resistance and peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer (GC). It's found that GRP94 overexpression, linked to poor prognosis, was potentially due to SP1 and promoter interactions, confirmed through dual luciferase reporter (DLR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and quantitative real-time PCR (real-time qPCR).

How local electric field regulates C-C coupling at a single nanocavity in electrocatalytic CO reduction.

C-C coupling is of utmost importance in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO, as it governs the selectivity of diverse product formation. Nevertheless, the difficulties to directly observe C-C coupling pathways at a specific nanocavity hinder the advances in catalysts and electrolyzer design for efficient high-value hydrocarbon production. Here we develop a nano-confined Raman technology to elucidate the influence of the local electric field on the evolution of C-C coupling intermediates.

Paired organoids from primary gastric cancer and lymphatic metastasis are useful for personalized medicine.

Background: Organoids are approved by the US FDA as an alternative to animal experiments to guide drug development and for sensitivity screening. Stable organoids models of gastric cancer are desirable for personalized medicine and drug screening.

Methods: Tumor tissues from a primary cancer of the stomach and metastatic cancer of the lymph node were collected for 3D culture.

Drug-induced senescence by aurora kinase inhibitors attenuates innate immune response of macrophages on gastric cancer organoids.

Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. It is of great significance to find sensitive drugs for DGC. In the current study, a total of 20 patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were analyzed for screening the therapeutic efficacy of small molecule kinases inhibitors on gastric cancers, especially the therapeutic difference between intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGCs) and DGCs.

The efficacy and safety of using a combination of rocuronium and sugammadex for awake craniotomy anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Awake craniotomy (AC) is a neurosurgical method for the resection of brain lesions located in eloquent areas to achieve maximal and safe resection. A patient's arousal quality is essential for the success of the operation. This study compared the arousal time and quality after AC achieved by 2 different drug combinations: rocuronium with sugammadex and propofol with remifentanil.

Brainstem anesthesia during awake craniotomy: illustrative case.

Background: Awake craniotomy (AC) is performed to remove the lesions near or in eloquent areas, during which the patients are alert and without any airway instrument. Apnea is a severe complication in AC. Here, the authors describe a case of sudden apnea induced by unexpected local anesthesia of the brainstem during AC.

Mining the Micro-Trajectory of Two-Wheeled Non-Motorized Vehicles Based on the Improved YOLOx.

Two-wheeled non-motorized vehicles (TNVs) have become the primary mode of transportation for short-distance travel among residents in many underdeveloped cities in China due to their convenience and low cost. However, this trend also brings corresponding risks of traffic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the driving behavior characteristics of TNVs through their trajectory data in order to provide guidance for traffic safety.

Benchmark for establishment of organoids from gastrointestinal epithelium and cancer based on available consumables and reagents.

Gastrointestinal cancers are a public health problem that threatens the lives of human being. A good experimental model is a powerful tool to promote the uncovering pathogenesis and establish novel treatment methods. High-quality biomedical research requires experimental models to recapitulate the physiological and pathological states of their parental tissues as much as possible.

Intellectualized Visualization of Single-Particle Raman Spectra for Sensitive Detection and Simultaneous Multianalysis of Heavy Metal Ions.

Easy-to-use, reliable, and real-time methods for detecting heavy metal ion contamination are urgently required, which is a primary concern for water pollution control and human health. However, present methods for this aim are still unable to achieve simultaneous multianalysis for complex real sample detection. Herein, an intellectualized vision-based single-nanoparticle Raman imaging strategy combined with ion-responsive functional nucleic acids (FNAs) was proposed to address these issues.

Ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in acute central nervous system injury.

Acute central nervous system injuries (ACNSI), encompassing traumatic brain injury (TBI), non-traumatic brain injury like stroke and encephalomeningitis, as well as spinal cord injuries, are linked to significant rates of disability and mortality globally. Nevertheless, effective and feasible treatment plans are still to be formulated. There are primary and secondary injuries occurred after ACNSI.

A quick and reliable image-based AI algorithm for evaluating cellular senescence of gastric organoids.

Objective: Organoids are a powerful tool with broad application prospects in biomedicine. Notably, they provide alternatives to animal models for testing potential drugs before clinical trials. However, the number of passages for which organoids maintain cellular vitality remains unclear.

Exposure to Agent Orange and Risk of Bladder Cancer Among US Veterans.

Importance: To date, limited data exist regarding the association between Agent Orange and bladder cancer, and the Institute of Medicine concluded that the association between exposure to Agent Orange and bladder cancer outcomes is an area of needed research.

Objective: To examine the association between bladder cancer risk and exposure to Agent Orange among male Vietnam veterans.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) retrospective cohort study assesses the association between exposure to Agent Orange and bladder cancer risk among 2 517 926 male Vietnam veterans treated in the VA Health System nationwide from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2019.

Extremely hair follicle density is associated with a significantly different cecal microbiota in rex rabbits.

It has become increasingly clear that gut microbiota and skin are interconnected since the discovery of the 'gut-brain-skin' axis. Hair follicles (HFs) are skin microorganisms, but few studies have investigated their relationship to gut microbiota. Hence, we hypothesize that HFs have a close relationship with the gut, similarly to what was reported for the skin.

Patient-derived organoids in translational oncology and drug screening.

Patient-derived organoids (PDO) are a new biomedical research model that can reconstruct phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the original tissue and are useful for research on pathogenesis and drug screening. To introduce the progression in this field, we review the key factors of constructing organoids derived from epithelial tissues and cancers, covering culture medium and matrix, morphological characteristics, genetic profiles, high-throughput drug screening, and application potential. We also discuss the co-culture system of cancer organoids with tumor microenvironment (TME) associated cells.