Reinforcement learning-enhanced multi-objective optimization for sustainable coal blending in thermal power plants.

Coal blending in thermal power plants is a complex multi-objective challenge involving economic, operational and environmental considerations. This study presents a Q-learning-enhanced NSGA-II (QLNSGA-II) algorithm that integrates the adaptive policy optimization of Q-learning with the elitist selection of NSGA-II to dynamically adjust crossover and mutation rates based on real-time performance metrics. A physics-based objective function takes into account the thermodynamics of ash fusion and the kinetics of pollutant emission, ensuring compliance with combustion efficiency and NOx limits.

Ultrastrong circularly polarized electroluminescence achieved by chiral co-assembly of a liquid crystal-functionalized carbazole derivative.

Circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) exhibiting circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) properties hold significant promise for future display technologies. However, enhancing the electroluminescence dissymmetry factor ( ) remains a substantial challenge. Herein, ultrastrong CP-EL emissions are achieved using a liquid crystal (LC)-functionalization strategy under the regulation of chiral co-assembly.

Seq2Karyotype (S2K): A Method for Karyotyping Using Single-Sample Whole-Genome Sequencing Data.

DNA abnormalities characterized by cytogenetic imaging at the single cell resolution, i.e. karyotyping, have long served as cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Copper-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Radical Cyclization of 3-Aminoindazoles with -Cyanoarylacrylamides: Synthesis of Cyanoarylated Quinoline-2,4(1,3)-diones.

A copper-catalyzed denitrogenative radical cyclization of 3-aminoindazoles with -cyanoarylacrylamides has been developed, enabling the efficient synthesis of a variety of cyanoarylated quinoline-2,4(1,3)-diones in moderate to good yields at room temperature. Notably, this strategy overcomes the traditional challenge of the low reactivity of nitrile groups toward radical addition by utilizing cyanoaryl radicals generated from 3-aminoindazoles as reactive intermediates. Mechanism studies indicate that 2-cyanophenyl radicals, generated through the cleavage of two C-N bonds of 3-aminoindazoles, served as the key intermediates initiating the cyclization process.

A review on the chemical composition, biological activity, and potential health benefits applications of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.).

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a tropical tree species known for its nutritional, economic, and medicinal benefits. Its fruit consists of pulp, peel, and seed, all rich in bioactive compounds with various health and pharmacological effects.

Efficient Formaldehyde Degradation in Electro-Fenton Systems: Modulating HER/ORR Competition on Carbon Cathodes via Hydrophobic Modification.

Electro-Fenton (EF) has been proven to be an efficient method for formaldehyde degradation. Notably, the cathode in the EF system inevitably undergoes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during operation. The excessive accumulation of H not only creates safety hazards but also, during its generation process, occupies oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites and competes with ORR for electrons, thereby severely restricting both HO synthesis efficiency and formaldehyde degradation performance.

Cross-organ protection of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in ischemia-reperfusion injury: angiogenic synergy in kidney, brain, and heart.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury, marked by transient blood flow disruption followed by tissue reperfusion, constitutes a unifying pathological mechanism across cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, and acute kidney injury. Hypoxia, a central driver of ischemia-reperfusion injury progression, triggers molecular cascades that simultaneously exacerbate tissue damage and activate compensatory repair mechanisms. Notably, hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and vascular remodeling serve as critical adaptive processes for functional recovery, supporting neuronal plasticity in stroke, myocardial salvage in infarction, and tubular regeneration in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Health status of landscaping trees in different habitats in Beijing, China.

The health of urban trees is jointly influenced by species-specific environmental adaptability and habitat heterogeneity, posing severe challenges for management. We investigated landscaping trees in Beijing, established a five-tier health evaluation system (healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy, severe decline, and moribund) comprising 14 indicators. Then, we analyzed current health status and the influence of six typical habitats: dense forest, sparse forest, tree belt, tree pond, waterside, and buildingside.

Programmable Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence Through Stereocontrol of Chiral Liquid-Crystalline Co-Assemblies.

Circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) are essential to prospective 3D displays and advanced polarized lighting systems. The rational design of programmable circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) materials with a large electroluminescence dissymmetry factor (g) remains a great challenge and is still in its preliminary exploration phase. In this work, two aggregation induced emission active (AIE-active) chiral inducers with different dihedral angles of binaphthalene (S-/R-1 and S-/R-2) and achiral acrylate-based liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) (PyP) were chosed to construct chiral co-assemblies through an intermolecular chirality induction mechanism.

Effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The benefits of aerobic exercise on the executive function of children and adolescents have been confirmed to a certain extent. However, the effects of such interventions on the executive function of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) require further exploration. This study is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of aerobic exercise interventions for children and adolescents with ADHD, aiming to provide valuable intervention suggestions to enhance the executive function of children and adolescents with ADHD.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of patients with primary hypertension: a cross-sectional study.

Primary hypertension plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health and is potentially associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients with primary hypertension toward HCM. This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with primary hypertension at the Hospital between November 2023 and December 2023, using a self-designed questionnaire.

Isolation, culture, and in vitro functional validation of intratumor bacteria from lung cancer patients.

Objective: Culturomics and 16 S rDNA sequencing were applied to identify lung tumor-resident microorganisms. In vitro characterization revealed potential functions of these cancer-associated microorganisms.

Methods: Eighteen clinical lung cancer (LC) tissues samples were collected.

Expansion of the Phenotype of Lymphatic Anomalies Caused by Somatic Activating BRAF Variant.

Background: The somatic activating variant in BRAF (p.V600E) was recently described as a novel cause of macrocystic head and neck lymphatic malformations in three individuals. Other recent studies profiling the genetic causes of more complex lymphatic anomalies identified this same pathogenic BRAF variant.

Caliban is a transcriptional target of p53 in response to DNA damage.

Caliban, the Drosophila ortholog of human Nuclear export mediator factor (NEMF), is a recently identified regulator of the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage; however, the mechanism governing its expression after DNA damage remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that DNA damage upregulated caliban expression concomitant with p53 activation. Over-expression of p53 upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of caliban.

Extensive nrDNA Polymorphism in L. and Its Application.

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is one of the most extensively utilized in the taxonomy of the genus due to its generally concerted evolution. Although non-concerted evolution of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) has been reported in some species, genome-wide nrDNA characteristics in the genus remain poorly understood. In this study, 158 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 15 insertions and deletions (InDels) were identified within the nrDNA regions of 542 mulberry accessions representing sixteen species.

Gold Nanoparticles-Functionalized Ultrathin Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Boosting Solar Hydrogen Production: The Role of Plasmon-Induced Interfacial Electric Fields.

The design of photocatalysts capable of generating localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects represents a promising strategy for enhancing photocatalytic activity. However, the mechanistic role of plasmonic nanoparticles-induced interfacial electric fields in driving photocatalytic processes remains poorly understood. To produce a Schottky junction, varying amounts of Au nanoparticles widely utilized to broaden the light absorption were loaded onto ultrathin carbon nitride sheets (Au/UCN).

Mechanically Compliant and Impedance Matching Hydrogel Bioelectronics for Low-Voltage Peripheral Neuromodulation.

In neural biointerfacing technologies, mitigating the mismatch in mechanical and impedance attributes between neural tissues and bioelectronics remains a central challenge for achieving high-efficacy neuromodulation. Here, full-hydrogel bioelectronics that demonstrate superior mechanical compliance and impedance matching with 3D peripheral nerves, allowing for low-voltage vagus nerve stimulation, are reported. By precisely tuning the dimensional parameters through 3D printing, the hydrogel bioelectronics, initially in a 2D planar form in a dehydrated state, can curl spontaneously around nerves and form a seamless interface.

PInteract: Detecting Aromatic-Involving Motifs in Proteins and Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes.

With the recent development of accurate protein structure prediction tools, virtually all protein sequences now have an experimental or a modeled structure. It has therefore become essential to develop fast algorithms capable of detecting non-covalent interactions not only within proteins but also in protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-RNA, and protein-ligand complexes. Interactions involving aromatic compounds, particularly their π molecular orbitals, hold unique significance among molecular interactions due to the electron delocalization, which is known to play a key role in processes such as protein aggregation.

Efficacy of digital-based exercise intervention in adults with metabolic associated fatty liver disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Nanjing, China.

Introduction: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is internationally prevalent, resulting in considerable health and economic costs. Lifestyle adjustments, especially exercise, constitute fundamental treatments; nonetheless, sustained adherence poses significant challenges. This study is to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week digital exercise intervention in decreasing liver fat and enhancing metabolic outcomes in individuals with MAFLD.

Comparative plastome analysis reveals evolutionary dynamics and codon usage patterns in Bidens (Asteraceae).

Plastome evolution in species-rich angiosperm lineages remains poorly understood despite recent advances in phylogenomics, particularly regarding the mechanistic drivers of codon usage bias (CUB) and their relationship to adaptive evolution. The genus Bidens (Asteraceae), comprising approximately 280 species, represents a morphologically diverse lineage with significant medicinal and economic value. Here, we assembled the complete plastid genome (plastome) of Bidens alba and conducted comprehensive comparative analyses across 31 Bidens species, integrating structural characterization, simple sequence repeat (SSR) distribution, codon usage bias assessment, and selection pressure analysis through Ka/Ks ratios and phylogenomic reconstruction.

From hexafluoropropylene to perfluoroisobutyronitrile high-yield and scalable three-step synthesis.

To replace sulfur hexafluoride (SF), a potent greenhouse gas with high global warming potential (GWP) and long lifetime, perfluoroisobutyronitrile (CFN) has emerged as the next-generation insulating gas to advance the development of the power industry, especially gas-insulated equipment. However, most reported synthesis routes for perfluoroisobutyronitrile require expensive reagents or complex procedures and harsh reaction conditions, which are impractical for scalable production and cost reduction for real applications. Herein, we report a three-step synthetic process from perfluoropropylene to perfluoroisobutyronitrile, involving addition with carbonyl fluoride, nucleophilic substitution with ammonia and dehydration.

WSe/SnS Heterostructure Arrays with Bilateral Accumulation Contact for Scalable p-Type Transistors and Logic Circuits.

Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials hold great promise as essential components in next-generation electronics. However, achieving high-performance and large-scale production of p-type 2D FETs has remained a persistent challenge. In this study, SnS is introduced as a tunneling contact layer, and performance-enhanced p-type WSe FET arrays are fabricated by utilizing a self-aligned etching strategy based on WSe/SnS heterojunctions.

Trichoderma harzianum DAA8 and Trichoderma asperellum LDA4 synergistically enhance cadmium and chromium phytoextraction by king grass and Sedum alfredii in co-contaminated soils.

Bioremediation represents a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and economical approach to mitigating heavy metal contamination in soils. This study investigated the synergistic effects and mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum DAA8 and Trichoderma asperellum LDA4 strains inoculation in king grass (KG) and Sedum alfredii (S. alfredii) for phytoremediation of Cd-Cr co-contaminated farmland soils.