Effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The benefits of aerobic exercise on the executive function of children and adolescents have been confirmed to a certain extent. However, the effects of such interventions on the executive function of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) require further exploration. This study is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of aerobic exercise interventions for children and adolescents with ADHD, aiming to provide valuable intervention suggestions to enhance the executive function of children and adolescents with ADHD.

Multivariate explainable machine learning assists in redefining high-performance phosphate removal by layered double hydroxides.

The excessive discharge of phosphorus can trigger eutrophication, thereby posing significant threats to water quality and ecosystem health. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are considered promising adsorbents for phosphate removal due to their unique layered structures and tunable properties. However, the full realization of dephosphorization performance of LDHs is determined by multiple factors, including structural features, synthesis conditions, and operational parameters.

Fair ultrasound diagnosis via adversarial protected attribute aware perturbations on latent embeddings.

Deep learning techniques have significantly enhanced the convenience and precision of ultrasound image diagnosis, particularly in the crucial step of lesion segmentation. However, recent studies reveal that both train-from-scratch models and pre-trained models often exhibit performance disparities across sex and age attributes, leading to biased diagnoses for different subgroups. In this paper, we propose APPLE, a novel approach designed to mitigate unfairness without altering the parameters of the base model.

Advances in Food Aroma Analysis: Extraction, Separation, and Quantification Techniques.

Decoding the aroma composition plays a key role in designing and producing foods that consumers prefer. Due to the complex matrix and diverse aroma compounds of foods, isolation and quantitative analytical methods were systematically reviewed. Selecting suitable and complementary aroma extraction methods based on their characteristics can provide more complete aroma composition information.

Bilateral Serous Retinal Detachment as an Initial Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus due to Hypoalbuminemia: A Case Report.

Introduction: There are diverse etiologies of serous retinal detachment (SRD), and hypoalbuminemia is one of the rare causes of it. We report a case of bilateral SRD attributed to decreased serum albumin level caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Case Presentation: A 28-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented with bilateral palpebral edema for 10 days and blurred vision for 3 days.

Optimizing carbon source addition to control surplus sludge yield via machine learning-based interpretable ensemble model.

Appropriate carbon source addition can save operational costs and reduce surplus sludge yield in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). However, the link between carbon source and surplus sludge yield remains neglected although machine learning (ML) has become a powerful tool for WWTP, and is a challenge due to more complex multidimensional pattern recognition. Herein, weighted average ensemble strategy was conducted to assemble multiple diverse basic models to obtain better prediction capability to optimize carbon source addition (Model-1) and further control surplus sludge yield (Model-2).

Decoding the aroma changes of stir-fried shredded potatoes with different soy sauces using thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and sensory evaluation.

The aroma changes of stir-fried shredded potatoes (SFSP) were investigated using thermal desorption combined with sensory evaluation and chemometrix analysis. The intensity of the sauce aroma, savory, fatty, and roasty attributes were significantly increased, while the intensity of beany and green attributes were significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited after soy sauce added.

Addressing fairness issues in deep learning-based medical image analysis: a systematic review.

Deep learning algorithms have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various medical image analysis (MedIA) applications. However, recent research highlights a performance disparity in these algorithms when applied to specific subgroups, such as exhibiting poorer predictive performance in elderly females. Addressing this fairness issue has become a collaborative effort involving AI scientists and clinicians seeking to understand its origins and develop solutions for mitigation within MedIA.

Decoding of the enhancement of saltiness perception by aroma-active compounds during Hunan Larou (smoke-cured bacon) oral processing.

The enhancement of saltiness induced by odrants perceived from the retronasal cavity during Larou oral processing was analyzed. During the oral processing of Xiangtan Larou, the smoky attribute was the dominant when chewing 0-15 times, followed by the savory (15-24 times) and meaty (24-42 times). Partial least squares analysis predicted 33 aroma compounds from the retronasal cavity significantly (p < 0.

Potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO for aqueous multivalent ion batteries.

Manganese dioxide (MnO), as a cathode material for multivalent ion (such as Mg and Al) storage, is investigated due to its high initial capacity. However, during multivalent ion insertion/extraction, the crystal structure of MnO partially collapses, leading to fast capacity decay in few charge/discharge cycles. Here, through pre-intercalating potassium-ion (K) into δ-MnO, we synthesize a potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO, KMnO·0.

Flexible Ammonium-Ion Pouch Cells Based on a Tunneled Manganese Dioxide Cathode.

Aqueous ammonium-ion (NH) batteries are becoming the competitive energy storage candidate on account of their safety, affordability, sustainability, and intrinsically peculiar properties. Herein, an aqueous NH-ion pouch cell is investigated based on a tunneled manganese dioxide (α-MnO) cathode and a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) anode. The MnO electrode possesses a high specific capacity of ∼190 mA h g at 0.

A storm in a teacup -- A biomimetic lung microphysiological system in conjunction with a deep-learning algorithm to monitor lung pathological and inflammatory reactions.

Creating a biomimetic in vitro lung model to recapitulate the infection and inflammatory reactions has been an important but challenging task for biomedical researchers. The 2D based cell culture models - culturing of lung epithelium - have long existed but lack multiple key physiological conditions, such as the involvement of different types of immune cells and the creation of connected lung models to study viral or bacterial infection between different individuals. Pioneers in organ-on-a-chip research have developed lung alveoli-on-a-chip and connected two lung chips with direct tubing and flow.

Unlocking the High Capacity Ammonium-Ion Storage in Defective Vanadium Dioxide.

Aqueous ammonium-ion storage has been considered a promising energy storage competitor to meet the requirements of safety, affordability, and sustainability. However, ammonium-ion storage is still in its infancy in the absence of reliable electrode materials. Here, defective VO (d-VO) is employed as an anode material for ammonium-ion batteries with a moderate transport pathway and high reversible capacity of ≈200 mAh g .

A graphene-Ag based near-infrared defined accurate anti-scarring strategy for ocular glaucoma surgery.

Excessive fibrosis is the major factor in the failure of glaucoma filtration surgery. So far, the dominant approach for inhibiting fibrosis is the use of an antimetabolite drug, but the complications it causes, such as filtering bleb leakage, bacterial endophthalmitis and ocular hypotony, are also inevitable. Herein, a multifunctional anti-scarring platform (PVA@rGO-Ag/5-Fu) integrated with outstanding photothermal, antibacterial and drug delivery abilities is developed.