Global epidemiology and burden of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Osteoporosis, primarily characterized by low bone mineral density (LBMD), is a major skeletal disorder among postmenopausal women (PMW), yet its global burden remains poorly quantified. Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, we assessed the LBMD burden in PMW across 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. Metrics included deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs), with temporal trends evaluated via estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).

Recyclable luminescent solar concentrator from lead-free perovskite derivative.

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) offer a sustainable approach to power generation using fluorescent glasses, yet their green industrialization is impeded by the limited production scale and non-recyclability of embedded nanocrystals. Here, we introduce a lead-free perovskite derivative ETPSbCl (ETP = (CH)PCH) with a reversible transition between powder and glass states. Through molecular dynamics and density functional theory, we elucidate the possible structural distortions of [SbCl] pyramids and their impact on luminescence.

Regulation of metal valence states for enhancing second harmonic generation performance of chiral tin halides.

Chiral metal halide perovskites (MHPs) possess an inherent noncentrosymmetric structure, offering a promising platform for the development of second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Recent research has emphasized the influence of metal valence states on the physical and chemical properties of perovskites. In this work, a series of novel chiral tin-based MHPs were constructed by adjusting the metal valence states, thereby tuning the second-order NLO performance.

Lower extremity muscle activation patterns in sarcopenic older adults during physical performance tests: implications for rehabilitation approaches.

Sarcopenia causes muscle loss and functional decline in older adults, yet the lower limb muscle activation patterns of sarcopenic patients during functional activities remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the differences in muscle activation between sarcopenic and healthy older adults during functional activities and to explore task-specific compensatory neuromuscular strategies. Eight sarcopenic patients and eight age-matched healthy older adults performed the standardized six-meter walk test (6MWT) and five times sit-to-stand test (5STS) with surface electromyography (EMG) used to record activity from eight muscles of the dominant leg.

Modelling dynamic transitions in neurological functional disability in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage: a prospective cohort study using a multistate Markov model.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the dynamics of neurological functional disability in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) using a multistate Markov model and to investigate the factors influencing the shift in neurological functional disability.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting: Electronic medical record data for adults, from July 2019 and October 2023 in neurosurgery at 27 national centres in China.

Optimized Synthesis and Characterization of Janus RhSeCl with Uniform Anionic Valences, Nonlinear Optical and Optoelectronic Properties.

The symmetry-breaking nature of Janus materials enables the design of multifunctional compounds with distinct properties that are inaccessible to traditional materials. However, the limited availability of intrinsically stable Janus materials hinders a complete understanding of their full potential. Here, the first millimeter-sized Janus material, RhSeCl, is successfully synthesized through the precisely controlled chemical vapor transport (CVT) method.

Apelin Alleviated Endothelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition via Increasing BKCa in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a critical pathophysiological process in fibrosis which is associated with large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels. Apelin, an adipokine, was reported to alleviate glomerular EndMT mainly caused by hyperglycemia in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and related to BKCa. Therefore, it is supposed that apelin reduced glomerular EndMT by increasing BKCa in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs).

Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 carrying plasmid transfer.

Introduction: Plasmid-driven horizontal transfer of resistance genes in bacterial communities is a major factor in the spread of resistance worldwide. The gut microbiome, teeming with billions of microorganisms, serves as a reservoir for resistance genes. The metabolites of gut microorganisms strongly influence the physiology of their microbial community, but the role of the metabolites in the transfer of resistance genes remains unclear.

Primary Alkyl Amine-Mediated ZnSe@ZnS QDs from Giant Flowers to Nanorods.

Understanding the relationship between surface ligands and colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is crucial for precisely controlling their size, morphology, and composition. Compared to traditional Cd- or Pb-based II-VI QDs, the precise synthesis of zinc-based colloidal ZnSe@ZnS QDs remains challenging due to zinc's high oxytropism and diffusion tendencies. Herein, we introduce a primary alkyl amine-mediated surface engineering strategy that enables morphology control: from giant flowers and clovers to branches and nanorods (NRs).

Are women more likely to engage in extra green behaviors in the workplace? Gender differences in the spillover effect from employee in-role to extra-role green behavior.

Introduction: With the growing importance of green development, organizational research pointed that employee green behavior is an important micro foundation to addressing the environmental challenge. While past studies have categorized the in-role and extra-role green behavior as two dimensions of employee green behavior from the job performance perspective, they have overlooked the potential interaction between the two types of green behavior. This oversight may hamper organizations' green efforts since deeper engagement in green behavior needs more psychological motivations compared to compliance with green management policies.

Inverted Chiroptical Properties of Hybrid Metal Halides Through Reversible Chiral Induction Driven by External and Internal Chirality Transfer.

Chiral organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIHMHs) are commonly constructed by introducing pairs of enantiomorphic chiral precursors through a single chirality transfer pathway, which may limit the regulation of chiral structural diversity and chiroptoelectronic properties. Herein, we propose a new strategy for achieving reversible chiral induction of OIHMHs with inverted chiroptical properties through external and internal chirality transfer pathways, by utilizing a single chiral reagent R-/S-α-methylbenzylamine (R-/S-MBA). Specifically, R-MBA can externally induce chiral enrichment of M-DMA(BiInSb)Cl (M-DMA(Bi-In-Sb)Cl, DMA = dimethylammonium cation) without integrating into structure.

Advances in Food Aroma Analysis: Extraction, Separation, and Quantification Techniques.

Decoding the aroma composition plays a key role in designing and producing foods that consumers prefer. Due to the complex matrix and diverse aroma compounds of foods, isolation and quantitative analytical methods were systematically reviewed. Selecting suitable and complementary aroma extraction methods based on their characteristics can provide more complete aroma composition information.

NIR Luminescence from Deep-Level Traps in CsPbBr Microcrystals.

In this study, we report the first observation of a near-infrared (NIR) emission band from all-inorganic CsPbBr and CsPb(Br/Cl) perovskite microcrystals. By means of temperature- and power-dependent NIR and visible luminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that a fraction of the excited states in these materials relax through radiative transitions involving traps located deep within the band gap, leading to broadband NIR emission. The quantum yield of this deep trap emission is quantitatively determined for the first time and amounts to approximately 0.

Dual Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for Single Au-mSiO-CdSe Nanoparticles via Resonance Energy Transfer and Interlayer Conductivity.

Single-nanoparticle electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging is a promising technique for investigating surface dynamics and cellular processes. However, due to the low luminescence intensity of individual particles, most current approaches utilize luminescent materials such as ruthenium bipyridine or luminol derivatives. Quantum dot-based single-nanoparticle ECL imaging, however, remains less explored.

Thiophene Sulfone Single Crystal as a Reversible Thermoelastic Linear Actuator with an Extended Stroke and Second-Harmonic Generation Switching.

Dynamic organic crystals are becoming recognized as some of the fastest materials for converting light or heat to mechanical work. The degree of deformation and the response time of any actuating material are often exclusive of each other; however, both factors influence the material's overall performance limits. Unlike polymers, whose disordered structures are not conducive to rapid energy transfer, cooperative phase transitions in dynamic molecular crystals that are amenable to rapid and concerted martensitic-like structure switching could help circumvent that limitation.

Thermoelastic twisting-assisted crystal jumping based on a self-healing molecular crystal.

Adaptive crystals have attracted significant attention from solid-state chemists and crystal engineers for their promising applications in memories, capacitors, sensors, and actuators. Among them, thermosalient crystals are particularly favored thanks to their efficient energy conversions and rapid responses. However, the mechanisms for the mechanical responses of thermosalient crystals remain largely unclear.

Extendable Synthesis of Organic Cations for In Situ Construction of Hybrid Metal Halides with Near-Unity Photoluminescence and Strong Second Harmonic Generation.

The A-site organic components of organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIHMHs) significantly impact their crystal structure and optoelectronic properties. However, chemical modification of A-site cations has been mostly limited to commercial organic precursors, which restricts the structural variability of OIHMHs for optimal functionalities. Herein we have proposed an extendable synthesis approach to the direct procurability of various organic cations with desireable structures for the in situ construction of a library of OIHMH materials.

Screening of Oxidative Stress-related Biomarkers and Antioxidant Drugs for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Oxidative stress (OS) is suggested to play a significant role in the development of PCOS. Using antioxidants to reduce OS and maintain a healthy balance in the body could be a novel treatment approach for PCOS.

Mechanical Twisting-Induced Enhancement of Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity in a Flexible Molecular Crystal.

Flexible molecular crystals are essential for advancing smart materials, providing unique functionality and adaptability for applications in next-generation electronics, pharmaceuticals, and energy storage. However, the optical applications of flexible molecular crystals have been largely restricted to linear optics, with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties rarely explored. Herein, we report on the application of mechanical twisting of flexible molecular crystals for second-order nonlinear optics.

Regional antimicrobial resistance gene flow among the One Health sectors in China.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, with its spread intricately linked across human, animal, and environmental sectors. Revealing the antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) flow among the One Health sectors is essential for better control of antimicrobial resistance.

Results: In this study, we investigated regional ARG transmission among humans, food, and the environment in Dengfeng, Henan Province, China by combining large-scale metagenomic sequencing with culturing of resistant bacterial isolates in 592 samples.

Supramolecular Assembly Enhanced Linear and Nonlinear Chiroptical Properties of Chiral Manganese Halides.

Chiral hybrid organic-inorganic metal halides (HOMHs) hold great promise in broad applications ranging from ferroelectrics, spintronics to nonlinear optics, owing to their broken inversion symmetry and tunable chiroptoelectronic properties. Typically, chiral HOMHs are constructed by chiral organic cations and metal anion polyhedra, with the latter regarded as optoelectronic active units. However, the primary design approaches are largely constrained to regulation of general components within structural formula.

Carried by a Transferable Plasmid in a Strain Isolated from Healthy Individuals.

Objective: Our study aimed to conduct genomic characterization of strains carrying the gene in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals. The objectives were to underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria among healthy populations, and to establish protocols for regulating drug resistance plasmids based on the completion of a comprehensive map of drug resistance plasmid genomes.

Methods: We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and employed second- and third-generation sequencing techniques to analyze strains harboring the gene, to surveil drug-resistant bacteria in the intestines of healthy subjects.

High carriage and possible hidden spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella among asymptomatic workers in Yulin, China.

Food workers have frequent contact with unprocessed foods, but their carriage of Salmonella and potential influence on public health have not been comprehensively assessed. We investigated Salmonella carriage among food workers compared with non-food workers based on occupational health screening of 260,315 asymptomatic workers over an 8-year surveillance period in Yulin, China. We confirmed that healthy carriers serve as natural reservoirs for Salmonella, with higher carriage rates in food workers than non-food workers.

Clonal and horizontal transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales strains and genes via flies.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global public health challenges; in particular, the rapid dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is emerging as a significant concern worldwide. Flies, serving as carriers of pathogens, pose a potential threat in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) between animals and humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate and reveal the potential risk of AMR spread by flies.