Efficient Formaldehyde Degradation in Electro-Fenton Systems: Modulating HER/ORR Competition on Carbon Cathodes via Hydrophobic Modification.

Electro-Fenton (EF) has been proven to be an efficient method for formaldehyde degradation. Notably, the cathode in the EF system inevitably undergoes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during operation. The excessive accumulation of H not only creates safety hazards but also, during its generation process, occupies oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites and competes with ORR for electrons, thereby severely restricting both HO synthesis efficiency and formaldehyde degradation performance.

Exploration of the molecular mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma in the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

The purpose of this study was to study the potential mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma for treating hyperlipidemia (HLP) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Predicted potential targets and signaling pathway networks were established between candidate active compounds and therapeutic targets of HLP. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform database is a Chinese medicine collection and analysis system, and various target genes were identified for the treatment of HLP.

Leptomeningeal metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant clinical challenges due to its rapid progression and dismal prognosis. The low incidence (2-5%) of LM in patients with breast cancer underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research efforts in this critical domain.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 45 TNBC patients with LM was conducted to assess their clinical profiles, treatments, and survival outcomes, aiming to improve prognosis.

SET: Superpixel Embedded Transformer for skin lesion segmentation.

Accurate skin lesion segmentation is crucial for the early detection and treatment of skin cancer. Despite significant advances in deep learning, current segmentation methods often struggle to fully capture global contextual information and maintain the structural integrity of skin lesions. To address these challenges, this paper introduces Superpixel Embedded Transformer (SET), which integrates superpixels into the Transformer framework for skin lesion segmentation.

Central and Bridging Roles of Social Relationships Within the Multilayer Health Ecology Model in Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: A Network Analysis.

Objectives: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome signals dementia risk in older adults, with social relationships recognized as modifiable influences; however, their interconnectedness with the multilayer factors of the health ecology model remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the central and bridging functions of social activities, social networks, and social support within the health ecology model in the context of MCR.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Mobilizing antigen-presenting mast cells in anti-PD-1-refractory triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 trial.

The central challenge in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy is to identify novel mechanism-derived strategies for anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) resistance and efficiently assess their efficacy and safety in humans. Understanding the intricate heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment and its impact on treatment could guide the initiation of proof-of-concept clinical trials. Here, integrating single-cell transcriptome of 44 treatment-naive patients with TNBC, we unveiled an association between intrapatient mast cell heterogeneity and clinical benefit of PD-1 blockade.

piRNAs as Potential Regulators of Mammary Gland Development and Pathology in Livestock.

PiRNAs are a subclass of non-coding RNAs, 26-31 nucleotides (nt) in length, that form regulatory complexes through their interaction with PIWI proteins. Studies in model organisms have demonstrated that piRNAs play crucial roles in tissue development and in predicting disease outcomes, positioning them as promising targets for developmental regulation and therapeutic intervention. In contrast, research on piRNAs in animal husbandry is still in its early stages and has not received sufficient attention.

Spatial profiling of carbonyl metabolites in diabetic cardiomyopathy by derivatization-assisted ambient mass spectrometry imaging.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a cardiac complication of diabetes, is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and structural remodeling. Carbonyl-containing metabolites (CCMs) play a critical role in driving DCM pathogenesis through metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. In this study, we employed an on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD)-based air-flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) approach to investigate spatial metabolic alterations of CCMs in the diabetic rat heart.

The cytological basis of self-incompatibility in goji (Lycium barbarum) and the cloning of S-RNase gene.

Goji displays characteristics of gametophytic self-incompatibility. The S-RNase gene, expressed in the style, serves as the S determinant in the pistil, playing a key role in regulating goji's self-incompatibility. Goji, a plant commonly found worldwide, has been traditionally used for medicinal and culinary purposes in Chinese culture.

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide followed by taxane as adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) was shown to have comparable efficacy to doxorubicin, with significantly reduced cardiotoxicity. This study evaluated the cardiotoxicity and efficacy of the PLD-based regimen compared with those of the doxorubicin-based regimen as adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer (BC).

Methods: In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, patients with early-stage BC were assigned to receive either 4 cycles of PLD (study group) or doxorubicin (control group) plus cyclophosphamide followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel/paclitaxel.

A multimodal vision foundation model for clinical dermatology.

Diagnosing and treating skin diseases require advanced visual skills across domains and the ability to synthesize information from multiple imaging modalities. While current deep learning models excel at specific tasks such as skin cancer diagnosis from dermoscopic images, they struggle to meet the complex, multimodal requirements of clinical practice. Here we introduce PanDerm, a multimodal dermatology foundation model pretrained through self-supervised learning on over 2 million real-world skin disease images from 11 clinical institutions across 4 imaging modalities.

Rational Design and Multi-tiered Computational Evaluation of Novel Darunavir Derivatives as HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: an Integrated Approach Using QSAR Model, Molecular Docking, MD Simulations, DFT Analysis, and ADME Profiling.

DRV is currently the most effective approved HIV-1 protease inhibitor, but after a long period of clinical treatment, multidrug-resistant HIV-1 mutations have emerged. In this paper, we initially constructed QSAR models out of 45 existing DRV analogs using 2D-QSAR, CoMFA, and CoMSIA technology. The statistical findings show that the 2D-QSAR model (q = 0.

Identification and expression analysis of N-methyltransferase and demethylase in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

Background: N-methyladenosine (mA) modification involves the addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom at position six of adenine in RNA. It is the most prevalent type of dynamic internal RNA methylation modification, plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress. The mA modification is facilitated by mA writers (mA methyltransferases), mA erasers (mA demethylation enzymes), and mA readers (mA methylated reading proteins).

Advanced and interpretable corneal staining assessment through fine grained knowledge distillation.

The assessment of corneal fluorescein staining is essential, yet current AI models for Corneal Staining Score (CSS) assessments inadequately identify punctate lesions due to annotation challenges and noise, risk misrepresenting treatment responses through "plateau" effects, and highlight the necessity for real-world evaluations to enhance disease severity assessments. To address these limitations, we developed the Fine-grained Knowledge Distillation Corneal Staining Score (FKD-CSS) model. FKD-CSS integrates fine-grained features into CSS grading, providing continuous and nuanced scores with interpretability.

Ruminally Protected Isoleucine, Leucine, Methionine, and Threonine Supplementation of Low-Protein Diets Improved the Performance and Nitrogen Efficiency of Dairy Cows.

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing rumen-protected methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and leucine to low-protein diets on lactating dairy cow performance. Sixty Holstein cows were assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 9-week randomized complete block design: positive control (16% crude protein diet; 16% CP), negative control (12% CP), 12% CP plus the four essential amino acids (12% CP + EAA), and 14% CP supplemented with the four EAA (14% CP + EAA). The milk protein yield was significantly decreased in the 12% CP group compared to the 16% CP group but was restored to comparable levels with EAA supplementation of both the 12% and 14% CP diets.

Efficacy and safety of inetetamab plus pertuzumab and nab-paclitaxel as neoadjuvant therapy for HER2+ breast cancer: A single-arm multicenter phase II clinical trial.

The combination of inetetamab and vinorelbine has demonstrated survival benefits with an acceptable toxicity profile in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. This multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial further evaluates the efficacy of inetetamab combined with pertuzumab and nab-paclitaxel as neoadjuvant therapy. Treatment-naïve patients with HER2+ early-stage or locally advanced BC received four cycles of intravenous inetetamab (8 mg/kg loading dose, then 6 mg/kg for subsequent doses), intravenous pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose, then 420 mg for subsequent doses), and weekly nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m).

Melatonin alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting necroptosis via reducing circulating mtDNA release.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that often leads to severe complications, including acute lung injury (ALI), which carries high morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Melatonin (Mel) has shown significant protective effects against sepsis-induced ALI, but its precise mechanism remains unclear.

Methods: A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was used to induce sepsis in male C57BL/6 mice, which were divided into four groups: Control, Sham, CLP, and CLP + Mel.

Study on Multiscale Structural Evolution Mechanism of Coal with Horizontal Fractures under Stress and Gas Relief.

This work aims at solving the problem of prevention and control of coal and gas outburst disasters that are dominated by stress in a deep coal seam. It is found that hydraulic slotting and gas extraction lead to double pressure relief for the coal seam stress and gas. A double pressure relief coefficient is proposed.

Multimodal mass spectrometry imaging reveals spatial metabolic reprogramming in diabetic liver disease.

Diabetic liver injury (DLI) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to severe liver dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Understanding the metabolic alterations and reprogramming in DLI is critical for identifying therapeutic targets. Despite the prevalence of DLI, its underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood, and effective treatments are lacking.

Identifying KDM5B as the synthetic lethal target of KMT2D-mutated osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor that occurs commonly in adolescents or children, previous studies have shown its complex epigenetic signature. Histone methyltransferases KMT2D loss-of-function mutation is common in various types of human cancer. Here we revealed that KMT2D loss promotes malignant phenotypes in osteosarcoma.

Novel histone modifications and liver cancer: emerging frontiers in epigenetic regulation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and its onset and progression are closely associated with epigenetic modifications, particularly post-translational modifications of histones (HPTMs). In recent years, advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have revealed a series of novel HPTMs, including succinylation (Ksuc), citrullination (Kcit), butyrylation (Kbhb), lactylation (Kla), crotonylation (Kcr), and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib). These modifications not only expand the histone code but also play significant roles in key carcinogenic processes such as tumor proliferation, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming in HCC.

Improving the employment in less-developed areas through low-carbon city pilot policy: A study on old revolutionary areas in China.

Objectives: Understanding approaches to promoting green development as well as to increasing employment in old revolutionary areas from the perspective of the "dual carbon" goals is important and, hence, needs to be studied.

Methods: Using city and enterprise panel data from 2007 to 2019, this study used a differential model to assess the impact of China's low-carbon city pilot policies on employment in old revolutionary base areas.

Results: The results showed that the low-carbon city pilot policies could significantly reduce the carbon emissions of old revolutionary base areas as well as significantly promote an improvement in employment levels.

Spatial metabolic modulation in vascular dementia by Erigeron breviscapus injection using ambient mass spectrometry imaging.

Background: Vascular dementia (VaD), a significant cognitive disorder, is caused by reduced cerebral blood flow. Unraveling the metabolic heterogeneity and reprogramming in VaD is essential for understanding its molecular pathology and developing targeted therapies. However, the in situ metabolic regulation within the specific brain regions affected by VaD has not been thoroughly investigated, and the therapeutic mechanisms of Erigeron breviscapus injection (EBI), a traditional Chinese medicine, require further elucidation.