Heavy metal pollution simplifies microbial networks and enhances modularity during tailings primary succession: divergent assembly dynamics for bacterial and fungal communities.

Microbial community play a fundamental role in primary succession of tailings ecosystems. However, the influence of heavy metal pollution on microbial interactions and assembly dynamics during this process remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated bacterial and fungal communities in tailing soil and biological soil crusts (BSCs) undergoing primary succession under varying heavy metal pollution.

Space-time dynamic variation trend of female breast cancer incidence and mortality: A global perspective (1990-2021).

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor affecting women, with significant space-time disparities in incidence and mortality, underscoring the importance of exploring its dynamic trends and clustering patterns.

Methods: The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The study employed multiple spatial analytical methods to systematically examine the space-time distribution patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.

Ligand-Controlled Stereodivergent Manganese-Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynylnitriles to Access (E)- and (Z)-3-Alkoxyvinylnitriles.

Precise stereocontrol over functionalized alkenes remains a central challenge in organic synthesis. In particular, catalytic methods enabling flexible and stereodivergent synthesis of both trans-selective and cis-selective useful enol ethers are still underdeveloped. Herein, we report a manganese-catalyzed, ligand-controlled hydroalkoxylation of alkynylnitriles with alcohols under mild conditions.

Mass correction approach to reduce the droplet spontaneous shrinkage in free-energy-based lattice Boltzmann method.

The free-energy-based lattice Boltzmann method has emerged as a reliable tool for simulating multiphase flows, but its application to small droplet interactions with surrounding flows is hindered by the issue of spontaneous droplet shrinkage. In contrast to previous analyses based on phase-field theory, we investigate spontaneous droplet shrinkage within the framework of the lattice Boltzmann equation for a free-energy-based model and identify that local density continues to evolve even after the system reaches equilibrium. To address this undesired density evolution, we introduce a mass correction formulated as a Laplacian term, ensuring that local mass conservation is improved without sabotaging global mass conservation.

Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Skin Effect and Skin Solitons in Temporal Photonic Feedforward Lattices.

Here we report the experimental demonstration of the nonlinear non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) in an effective Kerr nonlinear temporal photonic lattice, where the high-power requirements and lack of tunability intrinsic to optical materials are overcome by an artificial nonlinearity arising from optoelectronic feedforward. Thanks to Kerr self-trapping, the nonlinear NHSE is demonstrated to possess much better localization strength and robustness at the preferred boundary compared to the linear case. Away from the preferred boundary, Kerr self-trapping can even inhibit NHSE-induced transport and form stable skin solitons.

Strategic Design and Synthesis of N, S, P Tridoped Carbon: A Highly Efficient Metal-Free Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Doping multiple nonmetal heteroatoms into carbon materials is a promising avenue for boosting the catalytic performance of carbon-based metal-free catalysts (CMFCs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, selecting appropriate precursors and doping processes to synthesize high-performance CMFCs for the ORR remains challenging. Herein, N-doped carbon (N-C) and N,S-codoped carbon (NS-C) catalysts were first prepared via in situ doping.

Mechanical Properties of CuZr Amorphous Metallic Nanofoam at Various Temperatures Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Metallic nanofoams with amorphous structures demonstrate exceptional properties and significant potential for diverse applications. However, their mechanical properties at different temperatures are still unclear. By using molecular dynamics simulation, this study investigates the mechanical responses of representative CuZr amorphous metallic nanofoam (AMNF) under uniaxial tension and compression at various temperatures.

Occurrence and microbial remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals pollution in soils.

The presence of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals presents a widespread environmental challenge in industrial areas. Unlike single-pollutant systems, co-pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals exhibits synergistic toxicity that weakens traditional remediation technologies. This review systematically examines microbial remediation strategies for such co-polluted soils, focusing on three levels of intervention: functional microorganisms, compost-based enhancement, and engineered microbial solutions.

A general data tool of mining graphic feature patterns from photonic crystal spheres.

Photonic crystal sensing applications have been widely used in numerous domains. In this work, we present a comprehensive framework that leverages photonic crystal sensing through advanced image processing and machine learning techniques. Unlike many previous works, which only utilize color and spectrum information for photonic crystal sensing, this research aims to classify photonic crystal morphologies based on their pattern changes in the RGB camera image domain alone.

Robust and efficient MS@CTFs for simultaneous removal of enrofloxacin and cationic dye.

A novel adsorbent named as MS@CTFs, was successfully synthesized through the Schiff base reaction by immobilizing a covalent triazine framework (CTF) constructed from 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and trimethylformyl resorcinol (TP) onto a melamine sponge (MS) substrate. The innovative design integrated robust triazine-based CTF with an easy-to-use melamine sponge, simplifying the sample preparation procedure and also enhancing the adsorption performance. After optimizing the adsorption parameters, the MS@CTFs demonstrated robust adsorption for enrofloxacin (ENR) from milk matrices, the adsorption capacity was 155.

Construction of MoS/MoO Heterostructure with Ultrafast-Charged and Superior Low-Temperature Sodium Storage Properties.

The electrochemical reaction kinetics of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) become sluggish at low temperatures, resulting in significant reductions in energy density and power density. Rational design of anode materials with excellent low-temperature performance is of great significance for promoting the application of SIBs under extreme conditions. Here, the spontaneous hydrolysis and oxidation reactions of MoS in aqueous solution are used to successfully construct the MoS/MoO heterostructure.

Global Trends and Attributable Risk Factors in the Disease Burden of Lower Respiratory Infections.

Background: Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of the global disease burden, accounting for millions of deaths each year.

Methods: Data on LRIs, including deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and incidence, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Joinpoint regression was employed to assess temporal trends in the LRIs' burden, while the age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects.

Albendazole Passivation in Inverted Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells toward Efficient Perovskite/CuInGaSe Tandem Photovoltaics.

Self-assembled materials (SAMs) like [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) are commonly used as hole transport layers (HTLs) in inverted wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells. However, the poor wettability of perovskite precursor solutions on Me-4PACz and its polarity-induced aggregation hinder high-quality film formation. To address these challenges, albendazole (ALB) is introduced as a surface modifier for Me-4PACz.

Invoking Hybrid-Ion Correlation Electrochemistry to Enable Optimal Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries.

As a generation beyond conventional batteries based on mono-/poly-valent ions, hybrid-ion batteries (HIBs) offer more opportunities to build battery prototypes because they utilize the merits of multiple ions. However, the limited understanding of ionic correlations in these heterogeneous systems experimentally and theoretically brings a great challenge in exploring their performance limits. Here, an approach is proposed combining electrochemical phase-field simulation with thermodynamic calculation, where ionic correlation in the electrolyte and electrode is addressed using the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation embedded with Debye-Hückel theory and ion-occupied sub-lattice model, to invoke the ionic electrodeposition and (de)intercalation advantages.

Prediction of drug concentrations in humans for long-acting injectable suspensions by a semi-mechanical muscle compartment model: a case study of paliperidone palmitate.

Long-acting injectable formulations, such as paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension, have been designed to release medicines slowly and sustainably. Developing models that simulate drug release from long-acting injectable formulations is challenging. A novel approach to modeling and simulating complex and multiphasic drug pharmacokinetics (PK) is provided in this article to facilitate development of long-acting formulations.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Porosity of Polysulfone Membranes Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy.

Polymer membrane modification via electron beam irradiation has emerged as a powerful technique for tailoring filtration and separation performance. However, the fundamental role of environmental conditions during irradiation, particularly hydration state, remains poorly understood despite its potential to dramatically alter energy deposition pathways and subsequent structural evolution. This study systematically investigates hydration-state-dependent modification of polysulfone membranes through electron beam irradiation.

Lonidamine alleviates inflammation and tissue remodeling in a mouse model of eosinophilic chronic sinusitis: A single-cell transcriptomics study.

Background: Eosinophilic chronic sinusitis (ECRS) is a refractory condition resistant to therapies and prone to relapse. Hexokinase 2 (HK2), a key glycolysis enzyme, regulates inflammation but its role in ECRS is unclear.

Methods: An ECRS mouse model was established using intranasal administration of papain.

High-Efficiency All-Antimony Chalcogenide Tandem Solar Cells via Thermal-Evaporated CdS Interface Engineering.

SbS, with an ideal bandgap of 1.7 eV, is a promising top-cell absorber for tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, CdS electron transport layers (ETLs) prepared via chemical bath deposition suffer from poor crystallinity and high roughness, inducing interfacial defects, parasitic absorption, and severe carrier recombination, which hinder device performance.

Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance of Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) through Grafting Methoxyl Groups.

Preparing imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with good stability and excellent photocatalytic performance is highly desirable. Herein, methoxy groups were successfully grafted on the skeleton of highly stable TTA-DTM-COF through monomer modification strategy. The as-prepared TMTA-DTM-COF has a narrower bandgap and better photoelectric performance, which can be used as an efficient photocatalyst for the conversion of phenyl boronic acids into phenols.

A Dual Turn-Off Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor for Trace Water in Alcohols Based on a Rhodamine B-Al Complex.

Rapid-response sensors are promising tools to detect trace water in organic solvents; however, accurate quantification in alcoholic solvents remains challenging due to competitive coordination from hydroxyl groups. Herein, a colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode sensor based on rhodamine B-aluminum complex (RhB-Al) has been developed for the detection of trace water in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and 1-butanol. The RhB-Al complex demonstrates rapid response (< 10 s), high sensitivity (detection limits [v/v]): 0.

Preparation of rapidly absorbing bagasse cellulose-based composite superabsorbent material with semi-interpenetrating networks and its water absorption mechanism.

Biomass-based superabsorbent materials have gained widespread attention for their biocompatibility and high-water absorption capacity in hygiene products. However, slow liquid absorption rate and inadequate salt resistance limit their applications. This study prepared a rapid composite superabsorbent (CAAMC/PVA) featuring a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) by crosslinking biocompatible linear poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a bagasse cellulose-g-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/modified nano-CaCO network (CAAMC).

PEI-grafted graphene oxide modified phosphogypsum for the adsorption and removal of heavy metals and dyes in wastewater.

In this study, due to its large surface area and strong metal chelation ability, graphene oxide (GO) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) are used as organic modifiers to functionalize inert phosphogypsum (PG) to prepare PG@GO@PEI adsorbent for effective removal of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater. The preparation of the adsorbent involved functionalizing PG with GO, followed by grafting PEI. The altered material was characterized through several methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Patterns of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), to confirm successful grafting and improved surface properties.

Recovery of organic nutrients by Chlorella sorokiniana CMBB276 under various light qualities in aquaculture wastewater.

Light quality plays a crucial role in biomass production, biochemical composition, and nutrient removal efficiency in microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems. However, its effects in organic aquaculture wastewater systems remain underexplored. This study investigated the responses of Chlorella sorokiniana CMBB276 to six light qualities (red, blue, white, mixed, red-to-blue, and red-to-mixed) in a system where dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) accounted for 83.

Altitude regulates the response of nitrogen removal function to short-term flooding events in a riparian ecotone.

Understanding how historical flooding duration and contemporary extreme flooding events interact to affect the ecosystem processes is necessary to develop biochemical models and accurately predict ecological functions in the future. In this study, we focused on the nitrogen (N) removal processes of riparian ecosystems (i.e.

Learning quality-guided multi-layer features for classifying visual types with ball sports application.

Nowadays, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women. This highlights the need for precise X-ray image analysis in the medical and imaging fields. In this study, we present an advanced perceptual deep learning framework that extracts key features from large X-ray datasets, mimicking human visual perception.