Pt Atomic Site-Engineered Redox Mediator Boosts Electrosynthesis of Formic Acid from Glycerol.

Electrophilic oxygen-mediated non-electrocatalytic processes on Ni-based catalysts enable highly selective electrosynthesis of formic acid from glycerol. However, this process, usually mediated by dual mediators of Ni-O and Ni-(OH), is significantly plagued by the high potential of Ni-O. Herein, we report a class of Pt atomic site-engineered Ni-(OH) redox mediators without Ni-O involvement for breaking the dual-mediator mechanism limitation, achieving efficient formic acid electrosynthesis from glycerol at remarkably low potential.

Miconazole attenuates LPS-induced lung inflammation by modulating alveolar macrophage polarization via promoting lipid metabolic reprogramming.

Objective: Pulmonary inflammation is closely associated with macrophage polarization and lipid metabolic reprogramming. Miconazole (MCZ), traditionally used as an antifungal agent, exhibits emerging anti-inflammatory potential, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: A mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation was employed to evaluate MCZ's anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Interfacial Charge Separation Engineering Enables Dual Small-Molecule Probe-Based Photoelectrochemical Multi-Enzyme Sensing.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors remain constrained in multianalyte detection due to inefficient charge separation and signal crosstalk. To address these challenges, we developed a dual small-molecule probe-modulated charge separation system by integrating coumarin 6 (C6) and a silane probe (SP) into a titanium-based metal organic framework (Ti MOF). The porous crystalline structure and favorable electron transport properties of the Ti MOF enable efficient interfacial electron redistribution between the molecular probes and the MOF scaffold.

The metabolic pathway of THF-degrading composite bacteria and its immobilized microspheres.

Tetrahydrofuran (THF), as a typical recalcitrant organic pollutant, poses a serious threat to ecological security and human health due to its environmental persistence. This study aimed to systematically elucidate the metabolic pathway of THF degradation by efficient composite bacteria and develop immobilized enhancement technology to improve their degradation performance. First, the key metabolic pathway for THF degradation by the composite bacteria was analyzed using GC-MS.

Mn(II) inhibits rather than promotes As(III) oxidation during co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) by oxygen.

As(III) and Fe(II) co-oxidation by oxygen is an important process in arsenic migration, transformation, and pollution remediation in various aqueous environments. Fe(II) frequently co-exists with Mn(II) in natural settings, and their synergistic oxidation process is typically regarded as the supporting factor for As(III) oxidation. Herein, we found that Mn(II) significantly inhibited As(III) oxidation during As(III) and Fe(II) co-oxidation under near-neutral pH (6.

Ratiometric colorimetric and smartphone-assisted detection of nitrite based on ZIF-67@MnO nanozyme: Water and food analysis.

Excess nitrite in water and food poses serious threats to environment and human health, it is imperative to advance the detection methods for nitrite. Herein, ZIF-67@MnO nanoparticles endowed with oxidase-like, peroxidase-like, catalase-like and superoxide dismutase-like activity were facilely prepared. The superior oxidase-like activity toward catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was explored regarding catalytic mechanism and catalytic kinetics.

Adaptive spatial feature extraction and graphical feature awareness for robust point cloud registration.

In recent years Transformers have achieved significant success in the field of 3D vision due to their inherent advantages in capturing global correlations between features. However, this can be a drawback in point cloud registration, especially in scenes with low overlap rates, where a large number of non-overlapping points can lead to ineffective or even negative attention allocation. Moreover, existing RANSAC-based registration estimators usually require a large number of iterations to obtain acceptable results, resulting in significant computational overhead.

A highly sensitive SERS sensor based on magnetic-enrichment Ag@FeO/UiO-66-NH for detection and solar photo-reduction of hexavalent chromium in water environment.

In this study, a novel magnetic composite, Ag@FeO/UiO-66-NH (Ag@FUN), was developed by incorporating a porous metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66-NH, which offers selective enrichment capabilities and facilitates solar-driven photoreduction of Cr(VI). The surface coverage of silver nanoparticles on Ag@FUN was precisely controlled by adjusting the AgNO feed concentration, enabling tunable SERS sensitivity. SERS measurements revealed that the Ag@FUN composites exhibited strong signal intensity for Cr(VI), along with excellent signal reproducibility and storage stability.

Imprisoning 2H intermediate phases in blade-coated wide-bandgap perovskites for efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Scalable fabrication of high-efficiency all-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) remains challenging due to notable voltage deficits in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells, primarily driven by severe halide segregation during the large-scale blade coating process. Here, we introduce 4-aminobenzylphosphonic acid as a functional "2H-imprison" additive that selectively bypasses the formation of the 2H phase (an iodine-rich structure) and promotes the direct crystallization of the desired 3C phase, resulting in a homogeneous phase and halide distribution. Consequently, blade-coated 1.

Developing a carbon footprint calculation method for product life cycle based on low-carbon design: A case study of the STAGE Bluetooth speaker.

In the field of low-carbon design, the collection and quantitative analysis of carbon footprint data are vital for reducing the environmental impact of products. This paper proposes a carbon footprint calculation method based on the product life cycle, using Cleer's STAGE Bluetooth speaker as a case study. By integrating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data from the GaBi database with the life cycle assessment (LCA) theory and the PAS 2050 standard, a carbon emission quantification model and calculation method for Bluetooth speakers have been developed.

Spatial disparities of population aging in Shenzhen: from China's Hukou perspective.

Objective: As China's youngest city with immigrants constituting 66% of its population, Shenzhen is paradoxically facing accelerated and compressed demographic aging. Although its overall aging rate remains below the international aging society threshold, the city confronts unique challenges as a migrant receiving metropolis without domestic precedents. Through a novel perspective of the Hukou system (i.

Characterization of off-flavor compounds in ready-to-heat roasted catfish after reheating by sensomics approach.

Gas chromatography-electronic nose (GC-E-Nose), gc-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and gc-olfactory-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) techniques, along with odor recombination and omission experiments, were employed to characterize the off-flavors in commercially available ready-to-heat roasted catfish after reheating. A total of 19 (DR), 11 (HR), and 21 (YR) characteristic compounds were identified across the three samples. The 19 characteristic compounds from the DR group were reconstituted to develop recombination and omission models.

Interfacial Electron Modulation with Ionic Liquids: Dual Optimization of CO Confinement and Charge Transfer for Enhanced Electroreduction on Cu.

The high-rate electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) to afford multicarbon products (C) holds transformative potential for advancing sustainable energy systems. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as dynamic modulators to promote the C pathway, yet the underlying atomistic mechanisms of ILs in modulating this CORR process remain fundamentally unclear. Here, by integrating molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and experimental validations, we systematically elucidate the critical influence of 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazole chloride ILs in optimizing the CORR pathway on Cu surfaces through electronic structure engineering.

Femtosecond laser processing of carbon nanotubes: synthesis, surface modification, and cutting.

This paper focuses on the femtosecond laser processing technology for carbon nanotubes. Due to its characteristics of ultrashort pulses, high precision, and low thermal damage, this technology has attracted much attention in the field of nanomaterials. The interaction between femtosecond lasers and carbon nanotubes involves complex physical processes such as multiphoton absorption, enabling precise manipulation of carbon nanotubes, such as laser welding, cutting, and material modification.

Electromagnetic Wave-Absorption Properties of FDM-Printed Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Structures.

The growing need for lightweight, customizable electromagnetic wave absorbers with weather resistance in aerospace and electromagnetic compatibility applications motivates this study, which addresses the limitations of conventional materials in simultaneously achieving structural efficiency, broadband absorption, and environmental durability. We propose a fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based approach for fabricating lightweight wave-absorbing structures using acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites. Results demonstrate that CST Studio Suite simulations reveal a minimum reflection loss of -18.

Finite Element Model Updating for a Continuous Beam-Arch Composite Bridge Based on the RSM and a Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm.

Accurate finite element (FE) models are essential for the safety assessment of civil engineering structures. However, obtaining reliable model parameters for existing bridges remains challenging due to the inability to conduct static load tests without disrupting traffic flow. To address this, this study proposes an FE model updating framework that integrates the response surface method and the nutcracker optimization algorithm (NOA).

LEAD-YOLO: A Lightweight and Accurate Network for Small Object Detection in Autonomous Driving.

The accurate detection of small objects remains a critical challenge in autonomous driving systems, where improving detection performance typically comes at the cost of increased model complexity, conflicting with the lightweight requirements of edge deployment. To address this dilemma, this paper proposes LEAD-YOLO (Lightweight Efficient Autonomous Driving YOLO), an enhanced network architecture based on YOLOv11n that achieves superior small object detection while maintaining computational efficiency. The proposed framework incorporates three innovative components: First, the Backbone integrates a lightweight Convolutional Gated Transformer (CGF) module, which employs normalized gating mechanisms with residual connections, and a Dilated Feature Fusion (DFF) structure that enables progressive multi-scale context modeling through dilated convolutions.

Phase Transformation Principle and Magnetite Grain Growth Law in the Magnetization Sintering Process of Oolitic Hematite Ore.

Oolitic hematite ore represents a significant iron resource, but its utilization is challenging due to the complex multi-layered circular structure of hematite ore, which makes it difficult to be reduced. This study systematically investigated the phase transformation principle and magnetite grain growth law during the magnetization sintering of oolitic hematite ore, aiming to establish optimal conditions for efficient hematite ore to magnetite conversion. The results demonstrated that both elevated temperature and prolonged reduction duration significantly enhanced the reduction efficiency of hematite (FeO) to magnetite.

Pyrazinoquinazoline-Based Eu-MOF Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing: Real-Time Monitoring of Meat Spoilage Enabled by Dynamic Regulation of LMCT/LLCT Triggered by Biogenic Amines.

This study develops a dual-emission Eu-MOF ratiometric fluorescence sensor for biogenic amine detection in food spoilage monitoring. The sensor exhibits dual emission at 495 nm (ligand π→π* transition) and 615 nm (ligand-to-metal charge transfer, LMCT) through the antenna effect. Biogenic amines specifically regulate the intensity ratio (I/I) by adsorbing into MOF pores via hydrogen bonding, triggering a dynamic equilibrium switch between LMCT and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT), causing fluorescence color shift from orange to green.

Highly SERS active composite of silver nanospheres-decorated Ag nanostar/ZIF-8 for determination of diquat and thiram residues.

In surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements, the creation of "hot spots" and the effective concentration of analytes in these areas are crucial for enhancing detection sensitivity. In this work, a novel composite with highly SERS activity, Ag nanospheres decorated Ag nanostar/ZIF-8 composite (Ag NS/ZIF-8/Ag) was achieved via first coating the Ag nanostars with the metal-organic framework ZIF-8, known for its strong molecular adsorption capabilities, followed by the electrostatic self-assembly of Ag nanospheres. The composites produce numerous hotspots due to the abundant plasmonic nanogaps, including the interstitial space between the Ag nanostar and Ag nanospheres, as well as internanogaps between neighboring Ag nanospheres, resulting in outstanding SERS performance.

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Micro/Nanostructures of Titanium Alloy by Femtosecond Laser.

Titanium alloy plays an important role in many high-tech and industrial fields, and its surface processing is vital for expanding the application range and improving its performance. In this work, an effective method for the fabrication of superhydrophobic micro/nanostructures on a titanium alloy surface by a femtosecond laser with ink-assisted light absorption is proposed. The effect of processing parameters of laser cross-line scanning on the morphology and contact angle of surface micro/nanostructures of titanium alloy is revealed.

Stretchable, Adhesive, Anti-Freezing Hydrogel Electrolytes with Dual-Functional Water Regulation Enabled by Amide Group-Salt-Water Interactions for All-Climate Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their intrinsic safety and environmental compatibility. However, parasitic reactions induced by active water molecules in conventional aqueous electrolytes severely degrade electrochemical performance and cycling stability. Herein, a stretchable, adhesive, anti-freezing hydrogel electrolyte with dual-functional water regulation is synthesized via a one-pot radical polymerization strategy, where acetate (Ac) anions and hydrophilic amide (─CONH) groups on polyacrylamide (PAM) chains synergistically regulate water activity.

Switching from flood to drip irrigation changes soil labile organic carbon in arid agricultural fields.

Drip irrigation represents a key water-saving strategy in arid agricultural systems, but its influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, particularly labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions, remains poorly understood. Here, we examined how converting flood to drip irrigation alters C stocks, LOC fractions, and associated microbial communities. The conversion from flood to drip irrigation decreased SOC while largely increasing soil inorganic carbon (SIC), ultimately enhancing total C stocks in the whole soil profile.

Bidirectional Thermochromic Hydrogel with Wide Response Temperature Regulation for Smart Windows.

Thermochromic smart windows have been extensively investigated for solar regulation and building energy management to reduce building energy consumption. However, most current smart windows respond to only a single fixed temperature, failing to meet both energy-saving and privacy needs. To overcome this limitation, a series of composite hydrogels (KNSG) with bidirectional temperature-responsive properties were developed by introducing sodium dodecyl sulfate/sodium chloride (SDS/NaCl) micelles and κ-carrageenan (KCA) into a poly(-isopropylacrylamide/glycerol (PNIPAM/Gl) matrix.

A strain-programmed lignin-based Janus patch for rapid healing of postoperative rectal wounds.

Clinically, patients experience severe pain, frequent bleeding, and delayed wound healing after hemorrhoidectomy due to recurrent fecal contamination during postoperative dressing changes and bowel movements, which exacerbate wound irritation. : In this study, we developed a strain-programmed lignin-based multifunctional Janus patch (S-SFR@AGL) to accelerate rectal wound repair. This patch features a pre-stretched fluorinated silicone rubber side with robust anti-biofouling and strain-programmed properties, paired with a lignin-based hydrogel side offering potent antibacterial, antioxidant, bioadhesive, and hemostatic capabilities.