Synthetic MRI study of brain volume and subcortical myelin in various Parkinson's disease motor subtypes.

Alterations in brain volume and subcortical myelin content (MyC) between tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes of Parkinson's (PD) disease remain unclear. This study investigated whole-brain volume and subcortical myelin content differences among PD motor subtypes using synthetic MRI. Ninety-two PD patients (39 TD and 53 PIGD) and 39 healthy controls were included.

Anomalous photoelectrochemical etching of undoped semiconductor surfaces.

For more than 60 years, it has been widely accepted that the irradiance of the incoming light plays the most critical role in the etching effect of the photoelectrochemical etching process, which is built upon the underlying physics that photo-generated charge carriers catalyze the dissolution of n-type semiconductors. However, in this paper, we report an anomalous physical phenomenon, i.e.

Correlation between unconventional superconductivity and strange metallicity revealed by operando superfluid density measurements.

Strange-metal behavior has been observed in superconductors ranging from cuprates to pressurized nickelates, but its relationship to unconventional superconductivity remains elusive. Here, we perform operando superfluid density measurements on ion-gated FeSe films. We observe a synchronized evolution of the superconducting condensate and the strange-metal phase with electron doping, from which a linear scaling between zero-temperature superfluid density and strange-metal resistivity coefficient is further established.

Optical emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosol from the residential sector in China.

The residential sector in China is a major contributor to light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, including black carbon and brown carbon, which have significant impacts on climate change. This study developed a province-level inventory of optical emissions of carbonaceous aerosols from the residential sector in China from 1960 to 2019. The inventory was based on activity data from the PKU-GEMS database and absorption emission factors derived from laboratory-based combustion experiments, which reduced uncertainties associated with traditional mass-based methods relying on mass absorption efficiency.

Mesenchymal stem cells in treating human diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical studies.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a highly promising strategy in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal, pluripotency and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs are nonhematopoietic, multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into various mesodermal lineages and modulate the immune system. The therapeutic potential of MSCs from different tissues has been widely explored in preclinical models and clinical trials for human diseases, ranging from autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders to neurodegenerative diseases and orthopedic injuries.

Draft genome sequence of SZCHProba001, isolated from feces of a 6-year-old boy.

is a prevalent human gut bacterium. Here, we report the draft genome of SZCHProba001 isolated from a 6-year-old boy's feces. The 5.

Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Multicenter Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a serious perinatal complication. Accurate preoperative identification of patients at high risk for adverse clinical outcomes is essential for developing personalized treatment strategies. This study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance, interpretable machine learning model that integrates MRI morphological indicators and clinical features to predict adverse outcomes in PAS, and to build an online prediction tool to enhance its clinical applicability.

Shank3 oligomerization governs material properties of the postsynaptic density condensate and synaptic plasticity.

Cells contain numerous types of membraneless organelles or biological condensates formed via phase separation. Cellular biological condensates have broad material properties ranging from Newtonian fluids to elastic solids. How the material property of a biological condensate is regulated for cellular functions is poorly understood.

Hollow MoSe/N-doped carbon composited with ZnInS constructing dual Z-scheme heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performances.

The hollow MoSe/N-doped carbon (NC) composite, which was obtained through Mo-polydopamine as a self-sacrificing template based on the Kirkendall effect, was further utilized to fabricate a novel ternary MoSe/NC/ZIS (MNZ) dual Z-scheme heterojunction by growing ZnInS (ZIS) onto it via a hydrothermal process. The optimized MNZ (12MNZ) heterojunction exhibits exceptional performance in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), hydrogen (H) evolution, hydrogen peroxide (HO) production, and carbon dioxide (CO) reduction under visible light irradiation. The 12MNZ photocatalyst achieves a significant photodegradation efficiency of TCH reaching 98.

Coupling electrooxidation-coagulation with membrane distillation using recycled Al can cathodes for sustainable landfill leachate treatment: Fouling control and mechanism insights.

Landfill leachate (LFL) is a complex wastewater with high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants, posing significant environmental challenges. While membrane distillation (MD) is an effective method for LFL treatment, membrane fouling remains a major issue, leading to reduced permeate flux and performance. This study introduces an integrated in-situ hybrid electrochemical pretreatment system, combining anodic electrooxidation (EO) and cathodic Al coagulation (EOC), where the generation of OH⁻ ions at the cathode drives the dissolution of aluminum, forming Al(OH)₃ coagulants that facilitate coagulation, to enhance LFL treatment in MD.

Risk Factors of Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in Shenzhen, China.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a prevalent but underrecognized complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), affecting 25 to 87% of patients and significantly impairing quality of life. The specific risk factors for DBD remain poorly understood due to inconsistent findings in prior studies. This study aims to systematically identify the risk factors associated with DBD among Chinese T2DM patients.

Charge Transfer-Stabilized SiP Monolayer: An Unexpected Two-Dimensional Honeycomb on Au(111).

Exploring two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb structures beyond naturally layered materials is increasingly attracting interest, yet discoveries remain limited. Traditional methods often prioritize thermodynamic and dynamic stability, overlooking many inherently unstable materials such as those deviating from electron counting rules. Here, we challenge these traditional limitations by using the Si-P system as a case study.

Explicit Dual Effects on Monovalent Ion Transport in 2D Functionalized Nanochannels for Ultrasensitive Sensing.

2D nanochannels have drawn significant interest as a means to develop nanofluidic devices with great potential for future sensing. Target recognition in the 2D nanochannels of a sensing system has been verified to change the ionic passageways to obtain high sensitivity, but until recently, the signal mechanisms have rarely been investigated. Here, explicit hydrophobic interactions and charge effects on target-induced ionic signals are demonstrated by using hydrophobic 2D nanochannels and hydrophilic negatively charged DNA complex-functionalized nanochannels.

Universal NIR-II-Emitting Unimolecular Micelles with Tailorable Pharmacokinetic and Optical Properties for Adaptive Imaging.

π-Conjugated fluorophores show great potential for NIR-II bio-imaging owing to their superior brightness and photostability, yet their clinical translation has been hindered by suboptimal pharmacokinetics. To address this issue, a strategy is developed to tailor the in vivo behavior of π-conjugate fluorophores by breaking π-π stacking in polymer brush-engineered unimolecular micelles. This approach marks a significant shift from traditional methods of tuning micelles, which rely on varying the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic ratios and are often ineffective for π-conjugated systems due to the dominance of π-π interactions.

Stereodivergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched Organoboron Compounds with Carbon/Boron Dual Stereocenters via Rh(I)/Cu(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of B-H Insertions.

Despite notable progress in the study of chiral boron compounds, research on tetracoordinate chiral boron species remains limited. Achieving a configurationally stable boron stereocenter typically requires stabilizing the tetrahedral structure of the boron atom with suitable Lewis bases. Moreover, due to the high reactivity of borane complexes and the limited methods for their modification, designing and synthesizing tetracoordinate chiral boron compounds with stable stereocenters presents considerable challenges.

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles: nature's nanocarriers for drug delivery and therapeutics.

Breast milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) are natural nanocarriers characterized by their stability, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. These small, lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles carry diverse bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, enabling them to facilitate inter-organismal communication. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of MEVs as innovative drug delivery systems, with a focus on their unique composition, functional properties, and mechanisms of action-from biogenesis and secretion to cellular uptake.

The evolving imaging of rapidly improving posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological disorder with no specific clinical symptoms in the early stage; thus, early imaging identification is of great importance. A 29-year-old pregnant woman at 37 weeks experienced sudden generalized seizures accompanied by impaired consciousness. Brain computed tomography, conducted around 3 h after the onset, revealed symmetric areas of decreased density in the basal ganglia, brainstem, and suboccipital cortex, along with cerebral swelling.

Utilizing Waste Heat to Drive Selective Green Organic Conversion through a Thermoelectrocatalytic Process.

Utilizing waste heat from environmental or industrial sources is a promising strategy for eco-friendly and sustainable chemical synthesis. Here, a pioneering thermoelectrocatalytic (TECatal) system that can harness minimal heat diffusion for selective organic conversions is demonstrated. The proof-of-concept demonstrates a TECatal nanohybrid consisting of a thermoelectric (TE) BiTe nanoflake core with a Fe-doped UiO-66 metal-organic framework shell (BiTe/Fe-UiO-66).

Modulating Oxygen Evolution Reaction Pathways via (Oxy)Hydroxide-Driven Surface Reconstruction on TiC MXene Electrocatalysts.

The oxygen path mechanism (OPM) has gained increasing interest as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pathway with facile O-O coupling. Importantly, OPM differs from both adsorbate evolution (AEM) and lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) routes, which involve multiple intermediates and lattice oxygen, respectively. Here, an electro-activated reduced TiC MXene (rTiC) system is introduced that modulates the OER pathway by governing the population of (oxy)hydroxide species on rTiC surfaces.

Quest for Luminescent Low-Spin Chromium(I) Complexes with Doublet Metal-to-Ligand Charge-Transfer Excited States.

Two paramagnetic Cr(I) complexes with homoleptic fac-bis(triarylisocyanide) ligands were prepared by chemical oxidation of the Cr(0) precursors and emission spectra with peak maximum at respective 568 and 525 nm have been recorded with THF solutions of these two low-spin d metal complexes at 298 K. Structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies revealed that the emission of the Cr(I) complexes could be tentatively assigned to be spin-allowed MLCT excited states. Femtosecond-resolved transient absorption spectra confirmed that the lifetimes of the excited states were in the tens of picoseconds, which could be explained by the fast nonradiative decay of MLCT state through low-lying quartet metal-centered (MC) states.

Genomic context-dependent roles of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in regulating gene expression during rice drought response.

DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a key epigenetic regulator of genome stability and stress adaptation in plants. However, the functional role of its oxidative derivative, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), remains poorly understood in plant systems, largely due to its low abundance and unresolved enzymatic origins. Here, we integrated ACE-seq (APOBEC-coupled epigenetic sequencing) with an optimized Tn5mC-seq (transposase-based library preparation in the context of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, WGBS) approach to generate the first single-base resolution map of 5hmC in rice (Oryza sativa), unveiling its stress-responsive dynamics and regulatory interplay with 5mC during drought adaptation.

Comparative studies of the NO impacts on the photooxidation mechanisms of isomeric monoterpenes of β-pinene and limonene.

It is highly challenging to precisely compare the impacts of anthropogenic pollutants on the photooxidation of isomeric volatile organic compounds with respect to molecular compositions and particle number/mass concentrations of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In this study, we conducted a series of well-defined indoor chamber experiments to compare the effects of NO (NO and NO) on the photooxidation of isomeric monoterpenes of β-pinene and limonene. For the photooxidation of β-pinene with NO, the increase of the initial concentrations of NO ([NO]) shows a monotonous suppression of the particle mass concentration, whereas the increase of [NO] shows a monotonous enhancement of the particle mass concentration.

Identification of factors associated with depression chronicity: An analysis of the Canadian Study on Aging (CLSA).

Objective: Identification of risk factors for depressive chronicity may reduce disease burden by informing prevention and treatment strategies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression chronicity and explore factors linked to chronic depression in a longitudinal cohort.

Methods: Participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort who were depressed at baseline, based on a score of 10 or more on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 item scale (CESD-10), were included (n = 3473).

Tunable surface potential nanomaterials for enhanced environmental nucleic acid extraction and surveillance.

Environmental nucleic acid (eNA) technology is an essential tool for public health and environmental management, including virus surveillance and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) monitoring. However, large-scale, high-frequency eNA analysis remains challenging due to existing extraction techniques being inefficient, time-consuming, and reliant on specialized equipment. This study introduces a versatile eNA extraction approach using a reusable magnetic material with tunable surface potential (TPMP), achieving ∼90 % recovery efficiency within 60 min and demonstrating superior enrichment across various eNA forms.

Corrosion-Regulated Surface Reconstruction for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.

Surface reconstruction is a common phenomenon during electrode processes, occurring on the surface of electrocatalysts. While corrosion-engineering approaches show promise in this reconstruction, the precise control of surface reaction kinetics remains a significant challenge. In this work, a corrosion kinetics-controlled strategy using a hypophosphite corrosion inhibitor was proposed to achieve a uniform nickel-iron oxyhydroxide (p-(Fe,Ni)OOH) layer through controlled corrosion-induced reconstruction.