Coupled transport and electrochemical characteristics in redox flow batteries.

With widespread public attention to long-duration energy storage technologies, redox flow batteries are attracting increasing interests of researchers due to their intrinsic safety and good design flexibility. Currently, high capital costs are constraining the widespread commercialization of this system, which calls for the further enhancement of the output performance in its power units. The power output in a redox flow battery is greatly influenced by macro-to-micro mass transport and electrochemical reactions, which are coupled with each other and together determine the performance of the battery.

Deep learning radiomics of elastography for diagnosing compensated advanced chronic liver disease: an international multicenter study.

Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) is essential for effective clinical management but remains challenging. This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based radiomics model using international multicenter data and to evaluate its performance by comparing it to the two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) cut-off method covering multiple countries or regions, etiologies, and ultrasound device manufacturers. This retrospective study included 1937 adult patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Trap State Modulation via Strong Electron-Withdrawing Groups for Enhanced Vacuum Surface Insulation of All-Organic Polyimide.

Polyimide (PI), a high-performance polymer widely employed in aerospace applications due to its superior electrical insulation, processability, and long-term stability, faces operational challenges at vacuum-solid interfaces. Under extreme space conditions, vacuum flashover phenomena frequently occur at PI interfaces during spacecraft operation, critically jeopardizing the reliability of the onboard electronic components. This study demonstrates a molecular engineering strategy to suppress secondary electron emission and improve surface insulation by modulating trap states through strong electron-withdrawing groups.

Diversity Deconstrains Component Limitations in Sensorimotor Control.

Human sensorimotor control is remarkably fast and accurate at the system level despite severe speed-accuracy trade-offs at the component level. The discrepancy between the contrasting speed-accuracy trade-offs at these two levels is a paradox. Meanwhile, speed accuracy trade-offs, heterogeneity, and layered architectures are ubiquitous in nerves, skeletons, and muscles, but they have only been studied in isolation using domain-specific models.

Machine Learning on the Impacts of Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD on Binding Affinity to Human ACE2 Based on Deep Mutational Scanning Data.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to accumulate mutations in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) region, leading to the emergence of new variants that potentially change the binding affinity for the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Deep mutational scanning (DMS) is a powerful biochemical experimental technique that can characterize the impact of mutations on protein sequence-function relationships, allowing for rapid assessment of new mutations. Herein, machine learning (ML) models were built using the SARS-CoV-2 DMS data set, with the input features derived from the Rosetta-computed decomposition energy terms.

Synergistic Predrying and Surfactant Strategy for Enhanced Dispersion Stability of Magnesium Hydroxide Particles in Nonpolar Solvents.

The dispersion of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)) particles in kerosene is crucial for the pyrolytic treatment of radioactive organic liquid wastes yet is severely hindered by water preadsorbed on particle surfaces from ambient air. This work investigated the effect of preadsorbed water on the dispersion stability and rheological properties of Mg(OH) particles in kerosene. We correlated preadsorbed water content with the suspension's microstructure and rheology and revealed that powerful capillary attractions between particles induced by preadsorbed water can negate the stabilizing action of surfactants.

Determination of intramolecular isotope effects in the Be+(2P3/2) + HD reaction.

Isotope effects in the Be+(2P3/2) + HD reaction were investigated using an integrated ion trap and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer at a collision energy of 285 K (Ecoll/kB). The total rate constant was measured to be (1.4 ± 0.

Structural insights into distinct filamentation states reveal a regulatory mechanism for bacterial STING activation.

The cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling system (CBASS) is a bacterial immune mechanism that was evolutionarily linked to the eukaryotic cGAS-STING pathway, which protects against phage infection through abortive cell death. CBASS operons encode cyclic dinucleotide synthases (CD-NTases) and effector proteins (Caps), such as bacterial STING, which senses cyclic dinucleotides like 3'3'-c-di-GMP to trigger defense. Although bacterial STING oligomerizes into filaments upon ligand binding, the functional roles of distinct filament states remain unclear.

Emergency risk stratification using the TyG index: a multi-center cohort study on nonlinear association with 28-day mortality among critically ill patients transferred from the ED to the ICU.

Background: In the emergency department (ED), rapid risk stratification of critically ill patients is essential for timely intervention. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple marker of insulin resistance, may aid in early mortality prediction, but its utility in ED-to-ICU patients remains unexplored.

Methods: Using data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database, we conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 11,593 ED-to-ICU critically ill patients.

Bisphenol F exposure induced vascular toxicity through intestinal microbiota imbalance.

Introduction: Bisphenol F (BPF), a common substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), has documented toxicity in multiple organs, but its vascular effects remain unclear. This study investigated BPF's role in vascular calcification (VC) and underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Differences in the intestinal microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.

Enhanced NIR-II Nanoparticle Probe for PSMA-Targeted Molecular Imaging and Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Introduction: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-established biomarker overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). However, existing PSMA-targeted imaging probes suffer from radiation exposure, limited tissue penetration, and inadequate intraoperative performance. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescent nanoprobe for both in vivo and ex vivo imaging of PCa.

The Biocorrosion of a Rare Earth Magnesium Alloy in Artificial Seawater Containing .

In the medical field, magnesium (Mg) alloys have been widely used due to their excellent antibacterial properties and biodegradability. However, in the marine environment, the antibacterial effect may be greatly attenuated, and consequently, microorganisms in the ocean are likely to adhere to the surface of Mg alloys, resulting in biocorrosion damage, which is really troublesome in the maritime industry and can even be disastrous to the navy. Currently, there is a lack of research on the biocorrosion of Mg alloys that may find important applications in marine engineering.

Patient journey and Quality of Life for Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPFLife) in China: a sequential exploratory mixed methods research protocol.

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic and progressive lung disease with a significant impact on patients' quality of life. While much research has focused on disease mechanisms and treatment efficacy, limited attention has been paid to the landscape, unmet needs, patient experiences and quality of life. Understanding these aspects through the patient journey is essential for developing patient-centred therapeutic strategies.

Modulating synaptic glutamate receptors by targeting network nodes of the postsynaptic density condensate.

Biological condensates are assembled through phase separation and play critical roles in diverse cellular processes. Condensates in cells form percolated molecular networks via multi-valent interactions among biomolecules. How the network properties of a condensate are connected to its biological function is poorly understood.

Emissions, health risk, and policy impact on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release in Hangzhou, China: 2010-2050 future trends.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose significant environmental and health risks, especially in rapidly urbanizing cities such as Hangzhou, China. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of PAH emissions, distribution, and health risks is essential for developing effective control strategies. In this study, PAH emissions in Hangzhou from 2010 to 2022 were estimated and their multimedia environmental distribution was simulated using a Level IV fugacity model.

The small-molecule pifithrin-α deactivates ETR1 to repress shade avoidance in .

Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) commonly occurs in plants sensing shading and the proximity of neighbors, leading to morphological and physiological changes that are detrimental to plant health and consequently crop yield. Controlling SAS could be beneficial for sustainable agriculture. Here, we performed a phenotype-based chemical screening in and identified pifithrin-α (PFT-α) as a compound that suppresses shade-induced hypocotyl elongation and gene expression.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Finite Element Analysis of Bone-Implant Constructs and Comparison With Experimental Measurements.

The biomechanical environment around implants plays a crucial role in the stability and success of dental implants. In our previous studies, laboratory-based micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to conduct in situ biomechanical experiments and finite element method (FEM) analyses of bone-implant biomechanics. Compared to micro-CT, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is more commonly used in dental clinics.

Adaptive multi-scale phase-aware fusion network for EEG seizure recognition.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by sudden, abnormal discharges of neuronal activity in the brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis is the primary technique for detecting epileptic seizures, and accurate seizure detection is essential for clinical diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and treatment planning. However, traditional methods rely heavily on manual feature extraction, and current deep learning-based approaches still face challenges in frequency adaptability, multi-scale feature integration, and phase alignment.

Topochemical photocycloaddition in two-dimensional lead-halide coordination polymers with tunable phosphorescence.

Topochemical transformation in which the parent structural motifs are preserved has become a powerful strategy to access new advanced materials. Solid-state topochemical conversion in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) fashion is particularly attractive as it provides design principles with unequivocal structural details. Here, we report a series of two-dimensional (2D) lead-halide coordination polymers with bipyridyl ethylene (bpe) ligands that can undergo quantitative SCSC [2 + 2] photocycloaddition.

Fine-tuning large language models for interdisciplinary environmental challenges.

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing specialized fields by enabling advanced reasoning and data synthesis. Environmental science, however, poses unique hurdles due to its interdisciplinary scope, specialized jargon, and heterogeneous data from climate dynamics to ecosystem management. Despite progress in subdomains like hydrology and climate modeling, no integrated framework exists to generate high-quality, domain-specific training data or evaluate LLM performance across the discipline.

Quantifying future Olympic sport selection: a data-driven framework for SDE evaluation and selection.

The Olympic Games are the world's foremost sporting event, with over 200 countries participating. As the Games evolve, sports, disciplines, and events (SDEs) are periodically added or removed. The selection process for Olympic sports is inherently subjective, as seen with breakdancing's inclusion in the 2024 Paris Olympics and exclusion from the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics.

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Chiral Tetraarylmethanes from 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzyl Alcohols.

Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of chiral tetraarylmethanes has been achieved via the formal substitution of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzyl alcohols. With the aid of chiral phosphoric acid, 2,4'-biphenyl quinone methides were formed in situ from α-functionalized alcohols, followed by stereoselective 1,8-addition of 2-arylpyrroles to give the target tetraarylmethanes in 72-96% yields with 75-95% ee. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the reaction mechanism, both revealing the origin of enantioselectivity and identifying the rate-determining step.

Efficient estimating and clustering lithium-ion batteries with a deep-learning approach.

Growing energy storage demand has solidified the dominance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in modern societies but intensifies recycling pressures. Precise state-of-health (SOH) assessment is crucial to grouping retired batteries from an unknown state for secondary utilization. However, batteries in the pack exhibit distinct capacity fading behaviors due to their service scenarios and working conditions.

Evaluating the effectiveness of international travel controls to identify MPXV-infected travelers: a simulation study.

Background: In August 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency due to the rapid spread of mpox in Africa and beyond. International travel controls (ITCs), such as health screening and viral testing, could help avoid/delay the global spread of MPXV, fostering preparedness and response efforts. However, it is not clear whether the viral tests at immigration are sufficient to avoid introduction of MPXV and which samples should be used on the viral tests.