Defective states of Hermite-Gaussian modes for long-distance image transmission and high-capacity encoding.

Structured light brings a breakthrough in information capacity carried by the laser field, finding an ideal utility in optical information transmission. Advancements in optical intensity-based imaging have facilitated the use of structured light for simple information enconding and decoding. Here, we propose a method for extremely high-capacity information encoding, as well as image direct transmission, by modulating the structured light to defective states.

Charge Transfer-Stabilized SiP Monolayer: An Unexpected Two-Dimensional Honeycomb on Au(111).

Exploring two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb structures beyond naturally layered materials is increasingly attracting interest, yet discoveries remain limited. Traditional methods often prioritize thermodynamic and dynamic stability, overlooking many inherently unstable materials such as those deviating from electron counting rules. Here, we challenge these traditional limitations by using the Si-P system as a case study.

Temporal and Spatial Changes of Native and Alien Plant Assemblages Ecological Strategies in Response to Chronic Disturbances.

Background And Aims: Successional theory predicts directional shifts in plant community composition following disturbance. However, the long-term effects of chronic, recurring disturbances on plant ecological strategies at the community-level in human-altered landscapes, and how they differ between the assemblages of native and alien species, remain poorly understood.

Methods: Using Grime's competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (CSR) framework, we examine temporal and spatial changes in plant strategies at the community-level in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China.

Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across six Picea species grown in common gardens.

Host plant identity is a primary determinant of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity and community composition, but the effect of host identity within congeneric species and whether this effect varies with environmental changes remain unclear. In this study, we used ITS rRNA amplicon sequencing to assess the diversity and community composition of ECM fungi in the roots of six phylogenetically distinct spruce (Picea) species grown in three common gardens with varying environmental conditions. Our results showed that, although ECM fungal richness and Shannon diversity were similar among spruce species at each site, their ECM fungal community composition differed.

Biocrusts alter the effects of long-term warming on soil respiration in a dryland ecosystem.

Climate warming is expected to have contrasting impacts on soil respiration in dryland ecosystems, with responses ranging from positive to negative across short-, mid-, and long-term timescales. However, the long-term (>10 yr) effects of warming and their underlying mechanisms remain understudied in biocrust-dominated dryland ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the effects of 10-13 years of experimental warming on soil respiration and its underlying regulatory mechanisms at microsites with contrasting biocrust cover in a dryland ecosystem in southeastern Spain.

Correlation of Structure and Electrocatalytic Performance of Bulk Oxides for Water Electrolysis.

Hydrogen-centered electrochemical technologies play a vital role in sustainable energy conversion and storage. One of the challenges in achieving cheap hydrogen is to bridge the gap between advanced electrocatalysts and highly effective electrodes. The key lies in designing electrocatalysts with high intrinsic activity and understanding the structure-activity relationship in water electrolysis.

A membrane-free electrochemical reactor for efficient oxygen removal via gravity-assisted product self-separation.

Although electrochemical technologies offer vast industrial prospects, broader adoption-particularly in consumer applications-remains constrained by high costs and limited component lifespans. Here, we present a gravity-assisted, membrane-free electrochemical oxygen (O) removal (EOR) reactor coupling oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions. Leveraging fluid mechanics insights, buoyant O bubbles ascend rapidly, achieving 95% product self-separation and eliminating the need for membranes or external circulation.

A Non-Contact Privacy Protection Bed Angle Estimation Method Based on LiDAR.

Accurate bed angle monitoring is crucial in healthcare settings, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where improper bed positioning can lead to severe complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia. Traditional camera-based solutions, while effective, often raise significant privacy concerns. This study proposes a non-intrusive bed angle detection system based on LiDAR technology, utilizing the Intel RealSense L515 sensor.

A Ternary Reconstruction on the SrTiO(001) Surface.

We revisit the well-studied 2 × 1 SrTiO(001) surface, long presumed to adopt a double-layer TiO reconstruction, and propose a fundamentally new structural model. By combining evolutionary algorithms for global optimization, density-functional theory calculations, and experimental insights, we uncover a ternary surface reconstruction that exhibits substantially lower surface energy under typical experimental conditions compared to previously proposed models. This newly identified structure aligns closely with high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) observations and explains the experimentally observed Sr precipitation on the surface.

Lorentz algebraic approach in two- and three-dimensional polarization optics.

Lorentz algebra is a significant and elegant language in 2-D SAM-related polarization optics, and it also holds potential theoretical value in 3-D polarization optics. This paper focuses on developing a decomposed generalized Mueller matrix (GMM) model for 3-D polarization transformations through a Lorentz algebraic approach. We first present a comprehensive analysis and review of the 2-D polarization state (SoP) and polarization transformations, introducing the necessary algebraic representations and approaches.

High-resolution compressive 3D imaging through phase ranging with a single-pixel photodetector.

Single-pixel three-dimensional (3D) imaging is of great potential to the light detection and ranging (Lidar) system. Combining high-precision ranging with compressed sensing (CS) imaging enables the acquisition of high-resolution and accurate depth maps under non-scanning conditions. In this study, we present that a phase ranging system can be combined perfectly with the CS algorithm perfectly for real 3D imaging through only two reconstructions, along with high accuracy and fast depth measurement.

Generalized Stokes polarimetry design for a 3-D polarization field.

Optical polarization is three-dimensional (3-D). Its complete information is described by the nine-component generalized Stokes vector (GSV). However, existing Stokes polarimetry and its design theory are primarily based on the paraxial four-component Stokes vector and 4 × 4 Mueller matrices.

Plant economics spectrum governs leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption in subtropical transitional forests.

Background: Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption is a fundamental adaptation strategy for plant nutrient conservation. However, the relative roles that environmental factors and plant functional traits play in regulating N and P resorption remain largely unclear, and little is known about the underlying mechanism of plant functional traits affecting nutrient resorption. Here, we measured leaf N and P resorption and 13 plant functional traits of leaf, petiole, and twig for 101 representative broad-leaved tree species in our target subtropical transitional forests.

Consensus clustering and novel risk score model construction based on m6A methylation regulators to evaluate the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between mA methylation regulators and cell infiltration characteristics in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), so as to help understand the immune mechanism of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods: The expression and consensus cluster analyses of mA methylation regulators in early-stage LUAD were performed. The clinicopathological features, immune cell infiltration, survival and functional enrichment in different subtypes were analyzed.

Multi-LiDAR human joint recognition algorithm in hospital wards based on improved V2V-Posenet.

To prevent convulsions and falls of patients in the absence of medical staff, it is crucial to monitor their physical condition in hospital wards. However, several unresolved challenges in human joint recognition remain, such as object occlusion, human self-occlusion and complex backgrounds, resulting in difficulties in its practical application. In this paper, a multi-LiDAR system is proposed to obtain a multi-view human body point cloud.

Biomechanical effects of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with vertical placement of pedicle screws compared to traditional placement.

Background: The pedicle screw technique is widely employed for vertebral body fixation in the treatment of spinal disorders. However, traditional screw placement methods require the dissection of paraspinal muscles and the insertion of pedicle screws at specific transverse section angles (TSA). Larger TSA angles require more force to pull the muscle tissue, which can increase the risk of surgical trauma and ischemic injury to the lumbar muscles.

[Spatial distribution patterns and intraspecific and interspecific spatial associations of population in Shennongjia, China].

is one of the dominant species in the evergreen broad-leaf forest on the southern slope of Shennongjia. The study of spatial distribution pattern and spatial correlation of population will help to understand population development and potential ecological processes, as well as the structure and biodiversity maintenance mechanism of evergreen broad-leaf forests at the northern edge of the subtropics. Based on forest dynamic monitoring data from one 1 hm permanent plot on the southern slope of Shennongjia, we employed pair correlation functions () and marked correlation functions to analyze the diameter structure of the population, spatial distribution patterns at different diameter classes, and intraspecific and interspecific spatial associations.

Piezo-photocatalytic reduction of nitrates to N over silver dispersed on BaTiO@TiO.

This communication first achieved piezo-photocatalytic reduction of nitrates to N through designing an AgO/BaTiO@TiO core-shell catalyst. The built-in electric field induced by piezoelectric polarization suppresses photoexcited carrier recombination, and simultaneously causes energy band tilting, leading to the generation of electrons with higher reducibility to directly trigger the NO reduction to ˙NO, even without hole scavengers.

Micro-motion characteristics of multi-feature targets on the double pulse coherent system.

In this paper, we study the micro-motion characteristics of multi-feature targets based on a double pulse coherent system under atmospheric conditions. The theoretical model for echo signal and micro-motion characteristics of a 3D target in double pulse coherent system is deduced. We discuss the influence of micro-motion characteristics, the relative size of light spot and target, target shapes, and incident direction on frequency shift.

Multi-Branch Mutual-Distillation Transformer for EEG-Based Seizure Subtype Classification.

Cross-subject electroencephalogram (EEG) based seizure subtype classification is very important in precise epilepsy diagnostics. Deep learning is a promising solution, due to its ability to automatically extract latent patterns. However, it usually requires a large amount of training data, which may not always be available in clinical practice.

Constructing sulfur and oxygen super-coordinated main-group electrocatalysts for selective and cumulative HO production.

Direct electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction presents a burgeoning alternative to the conventional energy-intensive anthraquinone process for on-site applications. Nevertheless, its adoption is currently hindered by inferior HO selectivity and diminished HO yield induced by consecutive HO reduction or Fenton reactions. Herein, guided by theoretical calculations, we endeavor to overcome this challenge by activating a main-group Pb single-atom catalyst via a local micro-environment engineering strategy employing a sulfur and oxygen super-coordinated structure.

Impact of Elevational Gradients and Chemical Parameters on Changes in Soil Bacterial Diversity Under Semiarid Mountain Region.

Elevation gradients, often regarded as "natural experiments or laboratories", can be used to study changes in the distribution of microbial diversity related to changes in environmental conditions that typically occur over small geographical scales. We obtained bacterial sequences using MiSeq sequencing and clustered them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The total number of reads obtained by the bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was 1,090,555, with an average of approximately 45,439 reads per sample collected from various elevations.