Synergistic Coupling of Antenna Effect and Schottky Junction in Tb-Doped Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Sening of Isobutyryl Fentanyl.

Rational design of both mechanistic pathways and material compositions is essential to advance COF-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems. In this study, aggregation-induced emission covalent organic framework (AIE-COF) nanoprobes with excellent ECL performance were developed based on Tb-functionalized covalent organic framework (Tb@A-COF). The Tb@A-COF system demonstrates enhanced ECL performance through synergistic integration of three complementary mechanisms: (1) (4',4',4',4'-(1,2-ethenediylidene)tetrakis [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxaldehyde (ETBC) ligands function as antenna-like sensitizers that amplify luminescence intensity by 14.

In vitro metabolic profiling and structure-metabolism relationships of substituted acetyl fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances.

The abuse of fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances (F-NPS), which exhibit the four defining characteristics of new psychoactive substances (third-generation drugs), poses a severe threat to social stability and public health. The derivatization strategy investigated in this study, involving six substituted acetyl F-NPS across two substitution patterns, represents the primary approach for generating a new F-NPS. Using an in vitro human liver microsome metabolic model coupled with liquid chromatography-ion trap tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we identified characteristic metabolism profiles of F-NPS corresponding to derivatization modifications while elucidating the structural effects on metabolism.

Role of pyroptosis in pregnancy-related diseases.

Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death characterized by inflammasome-mediated cellular swelling and membrane perforation. This pathway is involved in diverse pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory diseases and tumors. Notably, the role of pyroptosis in pregnancy-related diseases such as preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortion, neonatal developmental dysplasia, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes mellitus has not been elucidated yet.

The coupling of methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme with recombinant polymerase amplification and lateral flow dipstick for the detection of (menstrual) blood stains.

Blood is a critical and frequently encountered type of evidence at forensic crime scenes. Its detection can provide valuable insights into the nature of a case and help refine investigative focus. The blood test strip is the most commonly used method for blood detection.

Elaborating PFAS characteristics for Chinese electroplating industry by target and nontarget analysis.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively used in the electroplating globally, yet the source characterization remains inadequately quantified. This study provides a high-resolution characterization of PFAS for the Chinese electroplating industry by combining target and nontarget analysis of samples, including chrome mist suppressants, plating bath solutions, wastewater, and sludge. A total of 91 PFAS homologues, spanning 14 classes, were identified by nontarget analysis.

Gunshot entrance recognition by artificial intelligence using computer vision.

The use of firearms as a means of facilitating crimes, such as robberies and homicides, has grown in several places around the world. However, recognizing this type of evidence is not a trivial task. Therefore, trace examinations are increasingly crucial to obtain information about a crime scene and criminal dynamics.

Development and validation of a capture sequencing panel containing 9000 SNPs for inferring distant relatives in East Asian populations.

Inferring distant relatives has long presented a significant challenge in forensic science. Recently, forensic researchers have increasingly focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a potent tool for this purpose. In this study, we developed and validated a capture sequencing panel comprising 9000 SNPs specifically aimed at inferring distant relatives within East Asian populations.

Establishment and application of a triplex RTqPCR assay system for the identification of forensic body fluids.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as valuable biomarkers for the identification of forensic body fluids due to their stability and tissue specificity. However, the limited quantity of body fluid at crime scenes often hampers the accuracy of miRNA-based detection methods. In this study, we developed a triplex reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay system that enables the simultaneous detection of three miRNAs, improving throughput and efficiency while overcoming challenges in forensic investigations.

FTIR spectroscopy imaging coupled with machine learning reveals biochemical changes in the brains of diabetic mice.

Diabetic encephalopathy is a progressive complication of type 2 diabetes, yet its region-specific biochemical changes remain unclear. In this study, we applied Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIRM) to assess metabolic alterations in the anatomical structures of the brains of db/db mice. Spectral data from five anatomically defined regions, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and striatum, were analyzed in both 12-week and 21-week wild-type and diabetic groups.

ZnO@MIPs-NR ratiometric fluorescent probe for ultra-sensitive on-site tiletamine detection.

The abuse of tiletamine has emerged in many countries around the world. In this study, a ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively proposed for detecting of the anesthetic tiletamine by combining ZnO QDs-based molecularly imprinted polymers (ZnO@MIPs) and Nile blue oxazone (Nile Red, NR). The ZnO@MIPs constructed by sol-gel method exhibit strong green fluorescence emission at 510 nm, which can be selectively quenched in the presence of tiletamine.

Dual-Mode Method for the Sensitive Detection of β-Secretase (BACE1) Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Dark-Field Microscopy.

β-Secretase (BACE1), a key enzyme to producing neurotoxic β-amyloid, is a potential biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Developing a sensitive and efficient detection method for BACE1 activity is significant for AD progression evaluation. Due to the poor cleavage efficiency and acidic working conditions of BACE1, developing probes with high stability and strong signals is challenging for its detection.

Recommendation for Forensic Identification Guidelines on Insulin Overdoes.

Insulin is an important protein hormone that participates in multiple metabolic pathways. Biosynthetic insulin has been widely used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Currently, the number of reported cases of insulin overdose both at home and abroad is gradually increasing, and insulin homicide is no longer a means of "committing murder without leaving a trace".

Forensic Research Progress on Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning.

Bongkrekic acid (BA) is a toxin with stable properties and no distinctive smell. It exists in common foods such as fermented edible grain products, potato products, spoiled tremella fuciformis and auricularia polytricha, as well as auricularia polytricha that has been soaked too long. It can easily cause food poisoning.

Barefoot Footprint Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8-StarNet.

This study proposes an optimized footprint recognition model based on an enhanced StarNet architecture for biometric identification in the security, medical, and criminal investigation fields. Conventional image recognition algorithms exhibit limitations in processing barefoot footprint images characterized by concentrated feature distributions and rich texture patterns. To address this, our framework integrates an improved StarNet into the backbone of YOLOv8 architecture.

A Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in METH Addiction: A Focus on () and Genes.

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is a global concern due to its severe impact on public health, including heightened aggression and neurotoxic effects. Genetic and epigenetic factors, particularly involving the and genes, are implicated in individual vulnerability to METH addiction. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved is crucial for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Species concept of golden flower camellias in China.

Background: Golden flower camellias are valued in China as oil crops, medicinal plants and beautiful ornamental species. Due to overexploitation, all species of golden flower camellias are seriously endangered and have been regarded as the "giant panda of the plant kingdom". Unfortunately, the evolutionary relationships among golden flower camellia species are poorly understood, leading to frequent misidentifications.

Multi-target-responsive AIE material for in situ visualization of level 3 features in latent fingerprints.

Background: The development of level 3 features of latent fingerprints (LFPs), such as the shape of ridges and the size of sweat pores, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the matching of damaged fingerprints. However, most current LFP developers exclusively target lipids and typically require mixed-solvent systems, neglecting critical components like amino acids. This limitation, coupled with the inherent degradation of LFP components over time, hinders the reliable visualization of Level 3 features across diverse fingerprint states.

Quantification of amino-PAHs in human urine using UHPLC- hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high resolution MS (Q-orbitrap-HRMS): Assessing potential carcinogenic risks of Nitro-PAHs.

Considering only parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene as a representative compound, may underestimate the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), known for their higher toxicity relative to parent PAHs, are widely present in the environment. In this study, a novel, highly sensitive, and accurate method utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap high resolution MS (Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) was developed to quantify 15 amino-PAHs, which are metabolites of nitro-PAHs, in human urine samples.

Reinforcing and psychostimulant effects of carfentanil and morphine in mice.

Carfentanil is a widely used opioid new psychoactive substance (NPS) that possesses a high risk of addiction. However, the positive and negative reinforcement, as well as the psychostimulant effects of carfentanil remain unclear. In the present study, we compared the rewarding (positive reinforcement) and psychostimulant effects between carfentanil and morphine, using the conditioned place preference (CPP, including acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement) and behavioral sensitization paradigms.

Skin Microbiome alterations in heroin users revealed by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing.

Background: Identifying key characteristics of unknown suspects, such as age, height, and drug use, is essential for advancing forensic investigations.

Methods: In this study, we employed full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the bacterial communities of nasal skin (NaS), oral epithelial skin (OrE), and palm skin (PaS) in heroin users and healthy controls.

Results: Our results revealed a significant reduction in bacterial community diversity among heroin users compared to the control group.

Source discrimination of colchicine based on carbon stable isotope analysis.

Colchicine, a highly toxic alkaloid, has been frequently employed as a poisoning agent in criminal cases. Toxicant source tracing represents a critical research direction in forensic science, where the discrimination of colchicine origins holds particular significance for chemical fingerprint identification in poisoning incidents. The stable isotopic signature of colchicine serves as a crucial indicator for source comparison and traceability.

Dual-mode biosensor for monoamine oxidase B activity detection based on electrochemistry and surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that threatens the physical health of elderly people. As a potential biomarker for AD, the assessment of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity is essential for the early diagnosis of AD. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) are metal-organic framework materials that can react with hydrogen peroxide (HO) at low overpotential to produce a reduction current.

Identification of two novel imidazole-derived GABA agonists butomidate and tf-etomidate in e-cigarette liquids.

Purpose: Recently, a number of abuse and intoxication cases involving imidazole-derived GABA agonists etomidate and its analogs have been reported in China. During our recent screening of e-cigarette liquids, we encountered two novel etomidate analogs that have not previously been reported. This study aims to present the analytical procedures used to identify these compounds, along with detailed data obtained under various instrumental conditions.

Analysis of pyrolysis component variations in three azo compounds using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS).

As industrial explosive hazardous chemicals, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), 2,2'-azodi(2-methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) and 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl)valeronitrile (ABVN) have caused multiple explosion accidents. In this study, headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used to analyze the differences in pyrolysis products of these compounds under gradient temperatures from 60 to 150 °C and aerobic conditions, aiming to provide methodological support for microphysical evidence identification in forensic science. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, the chromatographic peak areas and numbers of the three compounds generally increased.