Thoughts on the Development of Forensic Medicine Discipline Standing at a New Historical Starting Point.

The development of forensic medicine is crucial to the national welfare, people's livelihood, social stability, and the construction of a Safe China. It plays an indispensable role in the comprehensive promotion of the rule of law. The establishment of forensic medicine as a first-level discipline, along with the transformation brought by the fifth research paradigm, makes the construction of forensic medicine stand at a new historical starting point.

Cannabis use in different ethnicity/race populations and risk of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The global incidence of ischemic stroke among young adults has risen, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential link to increased cannabis use. Despite widespread perceptions of cannabis as a relatively safe substance, its association with ischemic stroke remains unclear, especially as legalization and use rates grow. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the current literature to assess the relationship between cannabis use and the risk of ischemic stroke.

Development of a frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry for determining the equilibrium dissociation constant between cyclophilin A and cyclosporin A.

Exploring the interactions between ligands and proteins in vitro and in vivo is of irreplaceable significance for disease prevention, diagnosis, therapeutic development, and drug discovery. Herein, we have developed a novel method for determining the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) using frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (FACE-TOF-MS). This method enables the rapid determination of the Kd value for the interaction between cyclophilin A and cyclosporin A.

Integrated analysis of restraint stress in rat serum using ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy with Machine learning.

In forensic practice, accurately determining whether an individual has been subjected to prolonged restraint or assessing injuries resulting from restraint can be challenging. To address this, we explored a novel approach using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning to jointly identify restraint stress. We randomly assigned rats into three experimental groups: a restraint stress group (subjected to fasting and water deprivation), a control group (subjected to fasting and water deprivation without restraint), and a normal group.

Developmental neurotoxicity of anesthetic etomidate in zebrafish larvae: Alterations in motor function, neurotransmitter signaling, and lipid metabolism.

Etomidate (ETO), a widely used anesthetic, has emerged as a concerning environmental contaminant due to its increasing misuse and demonstrated neurotoxicity in aquatic organisms. This study employed an integrated multi-omics strategy to investigate the developmental neurotoxic effects of ETO in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ETO exposure induced dose-dependent toxicity in zebrafish embryos, characterized by decreased hatching rates (10-20 %), elevated mortality (up to 30 %), and morphological abnormalities such as scoliosis and pericardial edema.

A Sensitive SERS Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Two Potential Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: AChE and MAO-B.

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few methods exist to detect both AChE and MAO-B simultaneously. In this study, we developed a SERS sensor for the simultaneous detection of AChE and MAO-B based on the one-pot reaction system, which provided more valuable information for early AD diagnosis.

Detection of flunixin meglumine in pork based on magnetic solid-phase extraction technology.

This study established two methods for detecting flunixin meglumine (FM) in pork. The MSPE-LC-MS/MS method utilizes the accuracy and quantifiability of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FM in pork can be accurately analyzed after optimizing the pretreatment, liquid phase conditions, and mass spectrometry parameters.

Predictive Value of Nutritional Status for Symptomatic Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients with Thoracic Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy.

The association between nutritional status and the risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with thoracic cancer undergoing radiotherapy remains unclear and warrants further investigation. General clinical data between January 2021 and June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. RP was diagnosed and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5), with symptomatic RP defined as grade ≥2.

Forensic applications of 3D printing - a review of literature, case studies and future implications.

The technological revolution has impacted every facet of life, including crime and law enforcement. Following the adoption of digital evidence, artificial intelligence, and CT scans, scientists and legal professionals have now turned to three-dimensional (3D) printing to present evidence more clearly in a court of law. 3D printing is a process of creating physical objects by depositing materials layer by layer, based on digital models, to form solid, tangible replicas.

UYSD: a novel data repository accessible via public website for worldwide population frequencies of Y-SNP haplogroups.

For decades, there has been scientific interest in the variation and geographic distribution of paternal lineages associated with the human Y chromosome. However, the relevant data have been dispersed across numerous publications, making it difficult to consolidate. Additionally, understanding the relationships between different variants, and the tools used to analyze them, have evolved over time, further complicating efforts to harmonize this information.

Exploring Y-chromosomal STRs and SNPs for forensic and genetic insights in the Jiangsu Han population.

Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are valuable genetic markers used for individual identification, forensic applications, and the study of paternal lineage history. This study analyzed the genetic polymorphism and paternal genetic structure of the Han population in Jiangsu Province by examining 374 unrelated male individuals using 29 Y-STRs and 183 Y-SNPs. Forensic parameters were calculated, and the discriminatory power of five Y-STR systems (MHT, EXT, PPY12, Yfiler, and Y29) was compared.

Analytical approaches for forensic paper comparison and differentiation: A critical review.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced analytical techniques employed in forensic science for paper comparison and differentiation, encompassing spectroscopic, chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and various complementary methods. It examines the principles, potential applications, and discriminatory potential of these diverse approaches, including the application of chemometrics and machine learning for data analysis and interpretation. However, the review critically highlights persistent challenges-such as substrate variability, environmental influences, database deficiencies, and validation gaps-which impede reliable forensic application.

Explainable AI for sharp injury identification using transfer learning with pre-trained deep neural networks.

Objective: To investigate an AI-based method for automatically identifying and classifying sharp injuries using deep learning models, evaluate its effectiveness (e.g., accuracy and explainability), and support forensic injury classification.

Intraoperative Fast Adaptive Focus Tracking Robotic OCT Enables Real-Time Tumor Grading and Large-Area Microvascular Imaging in Human Spinal Cord Surgery.

Current surgical procedures for spinal cord tumors lack in vivo high-resolution multifunctional imaging systems, hindering precise tumor resection. This study introduces the fast adaptive focus tracking robotic optical coherence tomography (FACT-ROCT) system, which provides real-time, artifact-free imaging during surgery, addressing motion artifacts and resolution degradation. Imaging occurs in 22 patients, including 13 with gliomas (WHO grade I-IV).

Decoding post-mortem infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, IAV and RSV: New insights for public health and emerging infectious diseases management.

Objectives: The persistence and infectivity of respiratory viruses in cadavers remain poorly characterized, posing significant biosafety risks for forensic and healthcare professionals. This study systematically evaluates the post-mortem stability and transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus (IAV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) under varying environmental conditions, providing critical insights into viral kinetics.

Methods: To assess the post-mortem stability of SARS-CoV-2, tissue samples were collected from infected cadavers at 4 ℃, room temperature (RT, 20-22 ℃), and 37 ℃ over a predetermined timeframe.

Effects of Feeding Sources and Different Temperature Changes on the Gut Microbiome Structure of (Diptera: ).

(Diptera: ), commonly referred to as the oriental latrine fly, is a synanthropic blowfly species frequently associated with decomposing organic matter. This study sought to investigate the influence of various feeding substrates and temperature conditions, specifically constant temperatures of 15, 25, 35 °C, and variable temperatures averaging 23.31 °C, on the gut microbiome of .

Effective Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies for Empowerment of Drug Discovery and Development.

The effective integration of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change healthcare management. Two cutting-edge developments in the healthcare indus-try are blockchain and artificial intelligence. Blockchain, an open network for information sharing and permission, is being used in e-Health to apply artificial intelligence models.

Unveiling the Forensic Potential of Oral and Nasal Microbiota in Post-Mortem Interval Estimation.

Microbiota have emerged as a promising tool for estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) in forensic investigations. The role of oral and nasal microbiota in cadaver decomposition is crucial; however, their distribution across human cadavers at different PMIs remains underexplored. In this study, we collected 88 swab samples from the oral and nasal cavities of 10 healthy volunteers and 34 human cadavers.

Exploring Male-Specific Synaptic Plasticity in Major Depressive Disorder: A Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Analysis Using Bioinformatics Methods.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric illness, with synaptic plasticity playing a key role in its pathology. Our study aims to investigate the molecular basis of MDD by analyzing synaptic plasticity-related gene expression at the single-cell level. Utilizing a published snRNA-seq dataset (GSE144136), we identified Excitatory.

Simultaneous determination of four PDE5 inhibitors and metabolites in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS.

Herein, we developed a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of four PDE5 inhibitor and twelve metabolites in rat plasma. A total of 16 chemicals were separated on gradient elution with mobile phase A (0.1 % formate acetonitrile) and mobile phase B (0.

Sex classification accuracy through machine learning algorithms - morphometric variables of human ear and nose.

Objective: Sex determination is an important parameter for personal identification in forensic and medico-legal examinations. The study aims at predicting sex accuracy from different parameters of ear and nose by using a novel approach of Machine Learning Library, 'PyCaret'.

Results: The present research was carried out on 508 participants (264 males and 244 females) aged 18-35 years from north India.

STEFA G03 - Joint collaborative exercise for document examination, DNA, fingerprints and handwriting.

This article will describe the processes involved in developing the first pan-European multi-disciplinary forensic Collaborative Exercise (CE), focusing on the concepts, planning, design, preparation, implementation, co-ordination and evaluation of the CE. The results of this project demonstrate that it is feasible to develop and run a multi-discipline forensic Collaborative Exercise with results that can help to develop best practice and procedures for examining threatening letters in the future.

Occurrence of regulated, emerging, and masked mycotoxins in Chinese wheat between 2021 and 2022.

Wheat is one of three major food crops in China. Wheat grains are prone to contamination with various mycotoxins. The risk of exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of wheat flour has long been a concern.

Revealing the Oxidative Stress-Related Molecular Characteristics and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Schizophrenia through Integrated Gene Expression Data Analysis.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by oxidative stress imbalances. The underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress-related gene expression in schizophrenia require further investigation. Additionally, the diagnosis of schizophrenia lacks sensitive and specific biomarkers as well as predictive models for assessing susceptibility.

Improved second-degree kinship analysis using the FGID forensic four-in-one DNA typing kit.

In general, using additional genetic markers can greatly improve the system power and accuracy of complex kinship identification. In this study, we employed the FGID Forensic Four-in-one DNA typing kit on the DNBSEQ-G99RS platform to gather sequence information for 66 autosomal STRs (A-STRs) and 132 autosomal SNPs (A-SNPs) of 24 pairs of second-degree relatives (13 grandparent-grandchild pairs and 11 uncle/aunt-nephew/niece pairs) from 9 families, along with 100 unrelated Han Chinese individuals. The likelihood ratio (LR) and identical-by-state (IBS) methods were applied to the kinship analysis, respectively.