Identification of in vivo and in vitro metabolites of fentanyl using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS.

A comparative analysis of the metabolites and metabolic pathways of fentanyl was conducted in liver microsomes and zebrafish models utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS). A total of 21 metabolites were identified across both liver microsomes and zebrafish models. These included 9 Phase I metabolites, such as N-dealkylated, N-oxidated, and hydroxylated products, and 12 Phase II metabolites, including glucuronidated, methylated, and sulfated products, as well as a series of products derived from conjugation with glutathione (GSH).

Biomimetic Nanoarchitectonics of Ag@TiO/g-CN: Unveiling kinetic and mechanistic pathways for enhanced photocatalysis.

In the pursuit of eco-friendly solutions for environmental remediation, the development of efficient photocatalyst is paramount. In this study, we report the biomimetic nanoengineering of ternary Ag@TiO/g-CN nanocomposites (NCs) using papaya leaf extract (PLE). These hybrid photocatalysts have been designed for the degradation of diverse hazardous water contaminants, including Doxycycline (DCy) antibiotic, dinotefuran (DNF) insecticide and indigo carmine (IC) dye under sunlight irradiation.

From dual nucleic acid co-extraction to co-sequencing: A highly integrated next-generation forensic DNA and RNA sequencing experimental workflow.

DNA and RNA markers are significant in forensic practices, such as individual and body fluid identification. However, forensic DNA and RNA markers were separately analyzed in most forensic experiments, which resulted in large amounts of sample consumption, complex procedures, and weak inter-evidence correlation. While several integrated methods based on capillary electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing technologies were reported, integrated procedures were mostly on nucleic acid co-extraction, co-electrophoresis, or co-sequencing, and the number and type of markers co-tested were limited.

Artificial Intelligence and Identification of the Deceased: a Narrative Review With Implications in Forensic Science.

Identification of the dead is of utmost importance in mass disasters, war crimes, and forensic examinations. The biological profile, established by a forensic anthropologist is one the necessary steps involved in the identification of the dead. Several parameters can be estimated such as sex, age, stature, biogeographical affinity, and DNA profile of the unknown person.

Reproductive toxicity and transgenerational effects of co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics and arsenic in zebrafish.

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that have garnered significant attention due to their small particle size, resistance to degradation and large specific surface area, which makes it easy to adsorb various pollutants, particularly heavy metals. Arsenic (As), a common metal poisons, poses significant risks due to its widespread industrial use. When MPs and As co-exist in the environment, they can exert combined toxic effects on organisms, affecting various systems, including the nervous system.

Pilot work of the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversity Project along the Silk Road suggests a complex east-west admixture landscape and biological adaptations.

Genomic sources from China are underrepresented in the population-specific reference database. We performed whole-genome sequencing or genome-wide genotyping on 1,207 individuals from four linguistically diverse groups (1,081 Sinitic, 56 Mongolic, 40 Turkic, and 30 Tibeto-Burman people) living in North China included in the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversity Project (10K_CPGDP) to characterize the genetic architecture and adaptative history of ethnic groups in the Silk Road Region of China. We observed a population split between Northwest Chinese minorities (NWCMs) and Han Chinese since the Upper Paleolithic and later Neolithic genetic differentiation within NWCMs.

Successful Traceability of Wildlife Samples Contributes to Wildlife Conservation: A Case Study of Tracing the Snub-Nosed Monkey ( spp.).

Rapid and effective methods for tracing the geographic origin of wildlife samples are essential for tackling the illegal wildlife trade. Traditional morphological categorization methods are often inadequate as relying on the mitochondrial COXI barcode is insufficient for determining geographic populations. To address these limitations, we developed a bioinformatics-based pipeline for the rapid identification of traceable nuclear genome loci.

Forensic analysis of an alleged improvised explosive device (IED) from a multidisciplinary perspective: Organisation and outcomes of the ENFSI 2023 exercise.

Interdisciplinary examination of test materials requires careful consideration of how forensic routines can influence each other. This influence can be direct and obvious, or indirect and subtle. A multidisciplinary collaborative exercise (MdCE) should test a forensic laboratory's ability to account for these difficulties.

Forensic pathology standards in China: a 30-year retrospective study.

China's forensic pathology standardization has accumulated more than 30 years of experience, but there is limited research summarizing the features and detailed information concerning these standards. In this paper, we collected documents on forensic pathology standards and statistically analyzed their types, effective scopes, drafting units, authorization departments, promulgation times, revision cycles, and other information. All of the standards information was obtained from standardization websites and databases.

Metagenomic profiling of plaque microbiota in Indian subjects: identified hidden ecological tapestry.

Dental plaque biofilms are the primary etiologic factor for various chronic oral infectious diseases. In recent years, dental plaque shows enormous potential to know about an individual microbiota. Various microbiome studies of oral cavity from different geographical locations reveals abundance of microbial species.

[Simultaneous determination of 51 indazole-type synthetic cannabinoids in urine and blood by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry].

To evade legal controls, new psychoactive substances (NPS), which have been designed as substitutes for traditional and synthetic drugs, are gradually dominating the drug market. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), which account for the majority of NPS, are rapidly being derivatized; consequently, controlling increasing abuse by merely listing individual compounds is difficult. Therefore, China has included the entire SC category of SCs listed as legal controlled substances since July 1, 2021.

YHSeqY3000 panel captures all founding lineages in the Chinese paternal genomic diversity database.

Background: The advancements in second-/third-generation sequencing technologies, alongside computational innovations, have significantly enhanced our understanding of the genomic structure of Y-chromosomes and their unique phylogenetic characteristics. These researches, despite the challenges posed by the lack of population-scale genomic databases, have the potential to revolutionize our approach to high-resolution, population-specific Y-chromosome panels and databases for anthropological and forensic applications.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop the highest-resolution Y-targeted sequencing panel, utilizing time-stamped, core phylogenetic informative mutations identified from high-coverage sequences in the YanHuang cohort.

Fingerprint resemblance amongst siblings and non-siblings - Forensic and anthropological implications.

Fingerprints hold a crucial position in forensic science, primarily for identification purposes, with thumbprints emerging as the most frequently recovered evidence at crime scenes. The main purpose of the present study was to conduct a comparative analysis of thumbprints of siblings and non-sibling pairs to investigate resemblance and similarities in fingerprint patterns. Thumbprints of 144 individuals (72 siblings and 72 non-siblings) from 36 families were obtained.

Enhancing Biodegradation of Insoluble High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Macroemulsion (ME) Bioreactors with a Liquid-Liquid Interface.

Due to the low bioavailability and insolubility of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) in aqueous solutions, their degradation efficiency is significantly limited in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. To address this challenge, we designed oil-in-water (O/W) macroemulsion (ME) bioreactors with mixed surfactants (Tween-80 and Triton X-100), -butanol, corn oil, and () to enhance the degradation efficiency of pyrene. Owing to the higher solubility of pyrene in MEs, it could be easily adsorbed onto hydrophobic groups on the cell surface.

Spatio-Temporal Change of Skin and Oral Microbiota: A Longitudinal Study of Microbial Diversity and Stability.

The human skin and oral cavity harbor complex microbial communities, which exist in dynamic equilibrium with the host's physiological state and the external environment. This study investigates the microbial atlas of human skin and oral cavities using samples collected over a 10-month period, aiming to assess how both internal and external factors influence the human microbiome. We examined bacterial community diversity and stability across various body sites, including palm and nasal skin, saliva, and oral epithelial cells, during environmental changes and a COVID-19 pandemic.

Highly Fluorescent Bio-Synthesized Carbon Quantum Dots for Latent Fingerprint Detection.

This study introduces an innovative approach to high-resolution latent fingerprint detection using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) biosynthesized from spent coffee grounds, enhanced with nitrogen doping. Conventional fingerprinting methods frequently use hazardous chemicals and are costly, highlighting the need for eco-friendly, affordable alternatives that preserve detection quality. The biosynthesized nitrogen-doped CQDs exhibit strong photoluminescence and high stability, offering a sustainable, effective alternative for fingerprint imaging.

Forensic STR Loci and Schizophrenia: An Exploration of Implications for Forensic Applications and Genetic Privacy.

Background/objectives: Short tandem repeat (STR) loci are widely used in forensic genetics for identification and kinship analysis. Traditionally, these loci were selected to avoid medical associations, but recent studies suggest that loci such as TH01 and D16S539 may be linked to psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia. This study explores these potential associations and considers the privacy implications related to disease susceptibility.

In vitro metabolism of seven arolyl-derived fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances.

Over the past decade, fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances (F-NPS) have emerged as the most representative synthetic opioids in third-generation drugs. These substances are characterized by their "low" fatal dose and parent drug levels in biological matrices, "fast" rates of derivatization and metabolism, and "many" derivatization sites and analogs. The low levels of parent fentanyl NPS in biological matrices complicate their detection, necessitating the use of characteristic metabolites as biomarkers for forensic analysis.

Identification of Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) analogues using surface-enhanced Raman scattering and machine learning algorithm.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is), primarily used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, have been severely misused in recent years, posing a threat to public health and safety. This study developed a method that combines Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with machine learning algorithms to rapidly identify different PDE5is types. A total of 948 SERS spectra from 79 PDE5is were collected using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the enhancement agent, and dimensionality reduction was performed through principal component analysis (PCA).

An experimental study on distinguishing gel pen ink stains using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy combined with the -means algorithm.

In the realm of document examination, the identification of suspicious alterations to handwritten documents is an important factor in case characterization. Investigating the differences in gel pen ink compositions has significant implications. In this study, we used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to analyze the ink compositions of gel pens.

A cell-based exploration of environmental and health impacts of food waste digestate for its sustainable reutilization.

Anaerobic digestion of food waste is increasingly utilized for bioenergy generation, producing a byproduct known as food waste digestate (FWD), which has potential applications as a fertilizer within the circular economy. However, accumulating numerous pollutants in FWD poses significant challenges to environmental management and human health. The complex nature of these pollutants complicates both targeted and non-targeted chemical analyses, making safety evaluations difficult.

Comparative analysis of the human microbiome from four different regions of China and machine learning-based geographical inference.

The human microbiome, the community of microorganisms that reside on and inside the human body, is critically important for health and disease. However, it is influenced by various factors and may vary among individuals residing in distinct geographic regions. In this study, 220 samples, consisting of sterile swabs from palmar skin and oral and nasal cavities were collected from Chinese Han individuals living in Shanghai, Chifeng, Kunming, and Urumqi, representing the geographic regions of east, northeast, southwest, and northwest China.

Effects of dichloromethane, nitrate, and sulfhemoglobin-induced substances on carboxyhemoglobin detection: a comprehensive review.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a common gaseous toxin that causes severe poisoning symptoms. Accurate detection of the formation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in the blood is very important for the identification of CO poisoning. In this review, the effects of exogenous toxins, including dichloromethane (DCM), nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide, on the determination of COHb by spectrophotometry are summarized by comparing epidemiological data, case studies, and analytical methods.

Whole mitochondrial genome analyses of Han population from Shandong of China using massively parallel sequencing.

Introduction: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extensively utilized in archeology, human evolutionary genetics, and forensic genetic for over three decades, primarily due to its maternal inheritance and relatively high mutation rate. The Chinese Han, the largest and most widely distributed ethnic group in China, have been the focus of numerous genetic studies. However, the forensic parameters and genetic structure of the Shandong Han, specifically in relation to the whole mitochondrial genome, remain undocumented.