Selective and green conversion of 5-HMF to FDCA enzymatic (laccase) and transition metal (MnO and Co-Mn/AC) catalysis in an integrated system.

The sustainable synthesis of bio-based monomers from renewable biomass intermediates is a central goal in green chemistry and biorefinery innovation. This study introduces a synergistic catalytic-enzymatic strategy for the efficient and eco-friendly oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a key monomer for next-generation biodegradable plastics. The catalytic phase employed non-noble metal catalysts, MnO and Co-Mn supported on activated carbon (Co-Mn/AC), under mild batch reaction conditions at 90 °C.

Fe-catalyzed efficient synthesis of 2,4- and 4-substituted quinolines via C(sp)-C(sp) bond scission of styrenes.

Herein, we report a highly efficient, environmentally benign protocol for the domino synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted and 4-substituted quinoline molecules. The developed strategy involves an earth-abundant Fe-catalyzed C(sp)-C(sp) bond cleavage of styrene, followed by the hydroamination of the cleaved synthons with arylamines and subsequent C-H annulation to yield two valuable quinoline derivatives. Key features of this protocol include the use of O as an ideal, green oxidant, operational simplicity and scalability, high atom- and step-economy, and cost-effectiveness, collectively enabling the single-step synthesis of two medicinally relevant N-heterocycles in excellent combined yields.

Rhodium(II) catalysed highly diastereoselective synthesis of indolyl-pyrrolo[2,1-]isoindoles from phthalimide-derived -sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and indoles.

A synthetic method has been developed for the diastereoselective domino synthesis of indolyl-pyrrolo[2,1-]isoindoles from phthalimide-derived -sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and indoles. The reaction proceeds ring chain isomerization of triazoles to give α-imino diazo compounds. Then, denitrogenative generation of α-imino Rh(II) carbenes followed by intramolecular oxygen insertion and nucleophilic addition of indoles delivers the indolyl-pyrrolo[2,1-]isoindoles.

CdS Nanorod-Driven Photocatalytic Reforming of Pyridine-Functional Glycopolymers for H Evolution.

Photoreforming of biomass presents a promising approach for sustainable H production by utilizing renewable solar energy under ambient conditions. However, its application is often limited by the poor solubility of biomass-derived substrates. Herein, this challenge is addressed by synthesizing hydrophilic, electron-rich pyridine-based glycopolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, followed by deacetylation of glucose- and maltose-based segments.

Next-Generation Nanoparticle-Enabled mRNA Vaccines in the Treatment of COVID-19.

The emergence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines as an alternative platform to traditional vaccines has been accompanied by advances in nanobiotechnology, which have improved the stability and delivery of these vaccines through novel nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, the development of NPs for mRNA delivery has facilitated the loading, protection and release of mRNA in the biological microenvironment, leading to the stimulation of mRNA translation for effective intervention strategies. Intriguingly, two mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna), have been permitted for emergency usage authorization to prevent COVID-19 infection by USFDA.

Correction: Esterase-induced release of a theranostic prodrug in lysosomes for improved therapeutic efficacy and lower systemic toxicity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D5SC03783B.].

Laser-Induced Photothermal Conversion to Hemispherical MoS Enabling Non-Contact Self-Powering Image Sensor.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has recently emerged as a promising material for the development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) owing to its inherently negative triboelectric properties when paired with polymeric layers, along with its notable transparency and mechanical flexibility. However, MoS-based TENGs operating in the contact-separation mode encounter critical limitations, including mechanical wear and limited triboelectric performance, particularly within the constraints of conventional 2D geometries. This paper reports the novel one-step laser-assisted synthesis of hemispherical MoS through the controlled nucleation and growth of MoS precursor seeds.

Polysaccharide copolymeric conjugates and their applications in targeted cancer therapy.

Polysaccharide copolymers Conjuates have surfaced as a versatile foundation in the development of advanced smart drug delivery systems, owing to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and capacity for chemical modification. This review brings into focus the recent advances in co-polymeric drug delivery systems based on naturally occurring polysaccharides like chitosan, alginate, dextran, hyaluronic acid, pullulan, guar gum, xanthan gum, agarose, gellan gum, and starch. Their structural malleability and functionalization capabilities are emphasized to engineer therapeutic payload stability, bioavailability, and controlled release.

Compartmentalization of multi-enzymes within designable metal-organic frameworks (MOF): A review of systematic approaches.

Integrating multi-enzyme systems within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has garnered significant attention in biocatalysis due to their tunable structural properties and ability to enhance enzyme performance in cascade reactions. The unique features of MOFs, such as well-defined pore apertures, tailorable compositions, and high loading capacity, facilitate the design of robust multi-enzyme bio-composites with enhanced recyclability and specificity. This review explores systematic approaches for the compartmentalization and positional co-immobilization of multiple enzymes within MOFs, focusing on two key strategies: (i) layer-by-layer assembly and (ii) pore-engineered compartmentalization.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants of Stability in Spiro-OMeTAD-Based Hole-Transporting Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells: Mechanistic Insights and Strategic Perspectives.

Spiro-OMeTAD has remained the benchmark hole-transporting material (HTM) in state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells, owing to its favorable energy level alignment and excellent interfacial compatibility. However, its practical implementation is critically hindered by the intrinsic instabilities introduced by conventional dopants such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP). While these dopants enhance electrical conductivity, they concurrently initiate multiple degradation pathways-including ionic migration, radical deactivation, and moisture/thermal-induced morphological failure-thereby compromising device longevity and reproducibility.

Supercritical carbon dioxide coextraction of Citrullus lanatus seeds & Citrus aurantium peels: bioactivity profiling and incorporation in oleofoams thereof.

Coextraction of Citrullus lanatus seeds and Citrus aurantium peels (1:1, w/w), two food processing wastes, was performed using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO) (345 bar|57 °C|178 min) and pet ether solvents. The major objective of the study was to valorize two fruit processing wastes to obtain a bioactive coextract using a green scCO extraction process and further incorporate it into wax-based composite oleofoams. The scCO coextraction resulted in better extraction of bioactive compounds such as d-limonene and polyunsaturated fatty acids due to the absence of light and lower temperature of extraction, compared to pet ether.

Comprehensive biological evaluation of Rheinal as a potent antimicrobial, alone and in combination with gentamicin and minocycline targeting MDR S. aureus in vitro and in vivo.

Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a threat to healthcare systems worldwide and consequently, discovery and development of new antimicrobials is a top priority. Natural products and their derivatives have historically been an excellent source of antimicrobials. In this context, anti-bacterial activity of synthesized natural product derivative, Rheinal, was assessed against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens where it exhibited potent bactericidal activity against S.

The first South Korean data challenge for drug discovery using human and mouse liver microsomal stability data.

The Korea Chemical Bank (KCB) has generated a dataset containing metabolic stability data for approximately 4,000 compounds that have been tested on human and mouse liver microsomes. The first South Korea Data Challenge, named the Jump AI Challenge for Drug Discovery (JUMP AI 2023), was opened using the metabolic stability data of KCB in 2023. The objective of the JUMP AI 2023 was to promote and encourage the development of new drugs using artificial intelligence (AI) technology in South Korea.

Alkaline pretreatment wastewater from lignocellulosic biomass: challenges and emerging management strategies.

Alkaline pretreatment is the most widely employed chemical process for lignocellulosic biomass, particularly at an industrial scale. However, this method generates a significant volume of complex wastewater, which contains recalcitrant organic molecules, high concentrations of biopolymers, and hazardous chemicals. These waste streams have been largely overlooked, with conventional disposal methods, such as incineration in recovery boilers, posing serious environmental and resource inefficiency concerns.

Design, synthesis, and docking studies of novel cinnamaldehyde-chalcone derivatives with anti-cancer potential and acute oral toxicity profiling.

Cinnamaldehyde is a natural compound known for its antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Fourteen novel cinnamaldehyde-chalcone analogues (5a-5n) were synthesized and evaluated for anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities. Among these, bromoethane chalcone 5n exhibited significant cytotoxicity against DU145 (IC50: 8.

Exploring protein inhibitors of through pharmacoinformatic approaches incorporating solubility-enhancing formulation insights.

the causative agent of Whipple disease, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse symptomatology, including weight loss, abdominal pain, diarrhea, joint pain, fever, and occasionally neurological manifestations. Its resistance to fluoroquinolones complicates treatment further. Traditional methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing are ineffective as cannot be cultured in axenic media.

Total Synthesis of Rohitukine and Dysoline and Their Anticancer Analogues Flavopiridol and IIIM-290.

Rohitukine is a naturally occurring piperidine alkaloid that has led to the discovery of several potent CDK9/T1 inhibitors, including flavopiridol and IIIM-290. (-)-(3,4)-1-Methyl-4-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-piperidin-3-ol serves as a crucial chiral intermediate in the synthesis of rohitukine and its analogues. In this paper, we describe the asymmetric synthesis of the chiral alcohol through the diastereoselective reduction of (+)-()-1-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-piperidin-3-one in >90% yield and ≥99.

Quantitative Effects of Porous Obstruction Number on Explosion Dynamics of CH/H Mixtures.

This study investigates the effects of porous obstruction quantity on the explosion dynamics of CH/H hybrid fuel mixtures in semiconfined pipelines through integrated experimental and numerical approaches. High-frequency pressure transducers and ultrahigh-speed cameras were employed to record overpressure evolution and flame morphology, while numerical simulations incorporating the Charlette flame wrinkling model elucidated turbulence-flame interaction mechanisms. The study compared configurations with sequential porous obstructions to single-obstruction setups, revealing that obstruction number and blockage ratio critically govern flame speed, peak overpressure, and turbulent intensity.

Hospital waste management in Germany and the European Union during the Industry 5.0 era for carbon neutrality by 2050: A critical review.

Hospital waste management (HWM) is critical to advancing environmental sustainability, particularly as Germany and the European Union (EU) pursue carbon neutrality by 2050. This review examines the potential of Industry 5.0 technologies to transform waste management through intelligent, human-centric systems.

Divergent coupling of -alkynylnaphthols and -quinone monoketals through a Michael addition/intramolecular annulation cascade to access benzofuryl β-naphthols.

A CFOH-catalysed tandem cyclization of -alkynylnaphthols and -quinone monoketals is disclosed. The CFOH catalyst activates alkynylnaphthol to generate an all-carbon tetrasubstituted VQM by nucleophilic addition to quinone monoketal (Michael addition). Furthermore, the CFOH catalyst triggers -quinone monoketal to generate an electrophilic oxocarbenium cation to be captured by -alkynylnaphthol regiospecifically, resulting in the formation of an all-carbon tetrasubstituted VQM, followed by an intramolecular cyclization to afford a series of 1-(3-arylbenzofuran-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ols.

A Turn-on Fluorescent Chemical Sensor Based on Imidazole-Schiff Base Structure for Al Detection as Well as Applications.

In this study, a novel imidazole-Schiff base fluorescent probe, EBI, was designed and synthesized. The molecular structure of EBI was systematically characterized by FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR and HR-MS. This study found that this probe could exhibit highly sensitive and selective fluorescence responses to Al in an EtOH/HO (1:1 v/v) mixed solvent.

Drug delivery, development, and technological aspects for peripheral drug eluting stents.

Drug-eluting stents are the standard therapy for arterial occlusions, particularly in peripheral arterial disease, owing to their efficacy in mitigating in-stent restenosis, maintaining favorable biocompatibility, and improving patient compliance. Their performance can be enhanced through the integration of particulate systems, cytostatic agents, and biodegradable polymers. The complexities associated with chronic disease progression, recurrent in-stent restenosis, the impracticality of long-term animal studies, and the absence of United States Food and Drug Administration-endorsed in vitro drug release protocols for peripheral drug-eluting stents underscore the need for modified strategies and accelerated in vitro release testing as a quality control strategy.

Sustainable production of biodiesel by lipase catalysis in supercritical carbon dioxide: Revealing key research gaps, process engineering, scale-up, sustainability, circular economy perspective and challenges.

Presently, the world energy economy is gradually shifting from fossil to renewable energy economy because of climate change issues and shortfall of fossil fuel resources that demands the cleaner biobased energy production with consideration of circular bioeconomy. In context to this, the widespread research is already undergoing to launch the possible effective protocols for biodiesel synthesis. Among all important methodologies, the lipase catalyzed production of biodiesel in the supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO) is the possible sustainable long-term alternative to obtain the bio-based fuel which eventually reduces the dependance of fossil fuels.

One-Pot Monomer-Level Fabrication of Anion Exchange Membranes for High-Performance Water Electrolysis.

Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis (AEMWE) is considered an economical technology for producing green hydrogen energy. However, conventional AEMs comprising polymer backbones with anisotropically aligned cationic pendant groups exhibit unsatisfactory AEMWE performance and durability, limiting their practical implementation. Herein, a facile method for fabricating a durable high-performance AEM via a one-pot monomer-level Menshutkin (m-Men) reaction in a porous mechanical support is proposed.