Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants of Stability in Spiro-OMeTAD-Based Hole-Transporting Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells: Mechanistic Insights and Strategic Perspectives.

Spiro-OMeTAD has remained the benchmark hole-transporting material (HTM) in state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells, owing to its favorable energy level alignment and excellent interfacial compatibility. However, its practical implementation is critically hindered by the intrinsic instabilities introduced by conventional dopants such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP). While these dopants enhance electrical conductivity, they concurrently initiate multiple degradation pathways-including ionic migration, radical deactivation, and moisture/thermal-induced morphological failure-thereby compromising device longevity and reproducibility.

Bifacially Engineered Perovskite-Based Synaptic Memristors Achieve High Linearity and Symmetricity for Accurate and Robust Neuromorphic Computing.

Achieving both high linearity and symmetricity in metal halide perovskite (MHP)-based memristors remains challenging, primarily due to their abrupt switching behaviors and irregular conductive filament (CF) pathways. Here, bifacially engineered MHP memristors exhibiting simultaneous high linearity, symmetricity, and reliability are reported. Top-surface passivation using phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) facilitates the formation of an ultrathin 2D perovskite layer (PEAPbI), promoting gradual switching and effectively suppressing ion migration during CF formation, thereby significantly enhancing the linearity of long-term potentiation.

Roles of Nanoscale Defects of Graphene in Remote Epitaxy of GaN.

Remote epitaxy through graphene enables the fabrication of freestanding membranes, facilitating the "peel-and-stack" process for semiconductor hetero-integration. While previous studies have emphasized graphene thickness, substrate bonding ionicity, and damage-free transfer of graphene for implementing remote epitaxy, the impact of nanoscale microscopic defects in graphene remains unexplored. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of GaN requires high temperatures and a radical reaction environment, which can damage graphene.

Ecofriendly Sunlight-Mediated Nontoxic Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Reusable Catalytic Membrane, and Biosensor Applications.

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) combine the desirable properties of two distinct metals that outperform conventional monometallic nanoparticles (NPs). This work presents a novel ecofriendly silver-copper (Ag-Cu) BMNPs synthesis using sunlight as a green reducing agent, enableing rapid Ag-Cu BMNPs formation at room temperature within 10 min. This method exploiting the facile reduction of Ag⁺ to Ag⁰, which subsequently mediates the reduction of Cu⁺ to Cu⁰ via water radiolysis-generated species.

Strategic Development of Memristors for Neuromorphic Systems: Low-Power and Reconfigurable Operation.

The ongoing global energy crisis has heightened the demand for low-power electronic devices, driving interest in neuromorphic computing inspired by the parallel processing of human brains and energy efficiency. Reconfigurable memristors, which integrate both volatile and non-volatile behaviors within a single unit, offer a powerful solution for in-memory computing, addressing the von Neumann bottleneck that limits conventional computing architectures. These versatile devices combine the high density, low power consumption, and adaptability of memristors, positioning them as superior alternatives to traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology for emulating brain-like functions.

Emerging Trends in Conductive Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Large-Area Electronic Applications.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are emerging as promising materials for advanced electronic applications due to their tunable porosity, crystalline order, and π-conjugated structures. These properties enable efficient charge transport and bandgap modulation, making 2D COFs strong candidates for electronic devices such as transistors and memristors. However, the practical application of COFs remains limited by challenges in achieving high-quality thin films with large-area uniformity and improved crystallinity.

Aerosol CVD Carbon Nanotube Thin Films: From Synthesis to Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Review.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced by the floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method are among the most promising nanomaterials of today, attracting interest from both academic and industrial sectors. These CNTs exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, optical properties, and mechanical resilience due to their binder-free and low-defect structure, while the FCCVD method enables their continuous and scalable synthesis. Among the methodological FCCVD variations, aerosol CVD' is distinguished by its production of freestanding thin films comprising macroscale CNT networks, which exhibit superior performance and practical applicability.

One-Shot Remote Integration of Macromolecular Synaptic Elements on a Chip for Ultrathin Flexible Neural Network System.

The field of biomimetic electronics that mimic synaptic functions has expanded significantly to overcome the limitations of the von Neumann bottleneck. However, the scaling down of the technology has led to an increasingly intricate manufacturing process. To address the issue, this work presents a one-shot integrable electropolymerization (OSIEP) method with remote controllability for the deposition of synaptic elements on a chip by exploiting bipolar electrochemistry.

Aerosol-Synthesized Surfactant-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based NO Sensors: Unprecedentedly High Sensitivity and Fast Recovery.

This study pioneers a chemical sensor based on surfactant-free aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films for detecting nitrogen dioxide (NO). Unlike conventional CNTs, the SWCNTs used in this study exhibit one of the highest surface-to-volume ratios. They show minimal bundling without the need for surfactants and have the lowest number of defects among reported CNTs.

Extreme Gradient Boosting to Predict Atomic Layer Deposition for Platinum Nano-Film Coating.

Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is an artificial intelligence algorithm capable of high accuracy and low inference time. The current study applies this XGBoost to the production of platinum nano-film coating through atomic layer deposition (ALD). In order to generate a database for model development, platinum is coated on α-Al2O3 using a rotary-type ALD equipment.

Synthesis of neutral Li-endohedral PCBM: an n-dopant for fullerene derivatives.

Li@PCBM, the first neutral Li@C derivative, was synthesized. The Li@PCBM exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution but as a monomer in the PCBM matrix. The fully dispersed Li@PCBM n-doped the surrounding empty PCBM, raising the Fermi level by 0.

Controlled Removal of Surfactants from Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Stronger p-Doping Effect and Its Demonstration in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) have shown potential as promising alternatives to conventional transparent electrodes owing to their solution processability as well as high conductivity and transparency. However, their DC to optical conductivity ratio is limited by the surrounding surfactants that prevent the p-doping of the DWNTs. To maximize the doping effectiveness, the surfactants are removed from the DWNTs, with negligible damage to the nanotubes, by calcination in an Ar atmosphere.

Abnormally High-Lithium Storage in Pure Crystalline C Nanoparticles.

Li intercalates into a pure face-centered-cubic (fcc) C structure instead of being adsorbed on a single C molecule. This hinders the excess storage of Li ions in Li-ion batteries, thereby limiting their applications. However, the associated electrochemical processes and mechanisms have not been investigated owing to the low electrochemical reactivity and poor crystallinity of the C powder.

A Facile and Effective Ozone Exposure Method for Wettability and Energy-Level Tuning of Hole-Transporting Layers in Lead-Free Tin Perovskite Solar Cells.

Lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted interest among scientists searching for eco-friendly energy harvesting devices. Herein, the effects of ozone exposure on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in lead-free tin halide PSCs as a facile and low-cost process for improving device performance are analyzed. Two types of tin-based PSCs and one typical lead-based PSC were fabricated.

Environmentally Compatible Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells and Their Potential as Light Harvesters in Energy Storage Systems.

Next-generation renewable energy sources and perovskite solar cells have revolutionised photovoltaics research and the photovoltaic industry. However, the presence of toxic lead in perovskite solar cells hampers their commercialisation. Lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells are a potential alternative solution to this problem; however, numerous technological issues must be addressed before the efficiency and stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells can match those of lead-based perovskite solar cells.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Assisted Encapsulation Approach for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as the next-generation thin-film energy harvester, owing to their high performance. However, there is a lack of studies on their encapsulation technology, which is critical for resolving their shortcomings, such as their degradation by oxygen and moisture. It is determined that the moisture intrusion and the heat trapped within the encapsulating cover glass of PSCs influenced the operating stability of the devices.

Carbon Nanotube Mask Filters and Their Hydrophobic Barrier and Hyperthermic Antiviral Effects on SARS-CoV-2.

Carbon nanotube face mask filters have strong and uniform hydrophobicity, high durability, and high thermal conductivity and exhibit excellent barrier and antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. The nanocarbon filter functions as a superior barrier compared to those in conventional masks owing to the stronger, more uniform, and more durable hydrophobic nature of the carbon nanotubes. A tightly knit carbon nanotube network has a pore size smaller than that of the average coronavirus; nevertheless, the breathability is equal to that of the conventional polypropylene filter.

One-step direct oxidation of fullerene-fused alkoxy ethers to ketones for evaporable fullerene derivatives.

Ketones are widely applied moieties in designing functional materials and are commonly obtained by oxidation of alcohols. However, when alcohols are protected/functionalized, the direct oxidation strategies are substantially curbed. Here we show a highly efficient copper bromide promoted one-step direct oxidation of benzylic ethers to ketones with the aid of a fullerene pendant.

Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotube-Embedded Ultrathin Polyimide Conductor.

Recently, foldable electronics technology has become the focus of both academic and industrial research. The foldable device technology is distinct from flexible technology, as foldable devices have to withstand severe mechanical stresses such as those caused by an extremely small bending radius of 0.5 mm.

Denatured M13 Bacteriophage-Templated Perovskite Solar Cells Exhibiting High Efficiency.

The M13 bacteriophage, a nature-inspired environmentally friendly biomaterial, is used as a perovskite crystal growth template and a grain boundary passivator in perovskite solar cells. The amino groups and carboxyl groups of amino acids on the M13 bacteriophage surface function as Lewis bases, interacting with the perovskite materials. The M13 bacteriophage-added perovskite films show a larger grain size and reduced trap-sites compared with the reference perovskite films.