Harnessing pycnidia-forming fungi for eco-friendly nanoparticle production, applications, and limitations.

Nanotechnology is pivotal in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, environment, and catalysis. The synthesis of nanomaterials, typically within the 1-100 nm range, can be achieved through physical, chemical, and biological methods. Mycosynthesis, a biological approach, involves using fungi for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis.

From Past to Present: Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) in Daily LifeSynthesis Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, Characterization, Toxicity, and Emerging Applications in Biomedicine, Nanoelectronics, and Materials Science.

Gold nanoparticles () are renowned for their unique optical, electronic, and biocompatible properties, making them ideal for applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, imaging, and materials science. With green chemistry-based biological synthesis methods gaining popularity, eco-friendly alternatives to traditional chemical and physical methods techniques have emerged. Plant extract-derived AuNPs stand out for their remarkable medicinal properties, stability, and low reactivity, enhancing their biological applicability.

Dry and hydro-thermal processing: A study on the nutritional, physical and functional attributes of raw and germinated sorghum flour.

Sorghum is often subjected to different pre-treatments to improve its nutritional profile and palatability. However, selecting appropriate treatments and understanding their effects on sorghum are challenging. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the effect of dry- and hydro-thermal treatments on the proximate, physical and functional properties of raw and germinated sorghum flour.

Effect of chemical modification of corn starch for the development of films for packaging applications: Impact of glutaraldehyde and organically modified montmorillonite incorporation.

In this current study, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was grafted onto corn starch (CS), proceeding with a chemical modification method to obtain modified CS (CS) with improved properties. When CS and CS were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterisation, distinct peaks were observed in CS. During FTIR characterisation, peaks at 1714 cm and 1629 cm were observed, corresponding to CO stretching of HEMA and secondary amines, respectively.

Identification of malaria vulnerable zones in North East Region of India: Spatiotemporal assessment through geographical information system and self-organizing maps.

Malaria continues to pose a significant public health challenge in India, particularly in the North East Region (NER), which presents a multifaceted epidemiological landscape. Malaria control and prevention programs demonstrate greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness when they target hotspot regions. This study is aimed to explore spatiotemporal clusters of malaria incidence at the district level across NER of India.

Quantum Descriptor-Based Machine-Learning Modeling of Thermal Hazard of Cyclic Sulfamidates.

Cyclic sulfamidates are commonly used building blocks in organic synthesis. Correct classification of their thermal criticality is crucial for the safe use of these compounds in process development and scale-up. In this study, building on our earlier work (Ferrari et al.

DGS-Yolov7-Tiny: a lightweight pest and disease target detection model suitable for edge computing environments.

Pest detection is vital for maintaining crop health in modern agriculture. However, traditional object detection models are often computationally intensive and complex, rendering them unsuitable for real-time applications in edge computing. To overcome this limitation, we proposed DGS-YOLOv7-Tiny, a lightweight pest detection model based on YOLOv7-Tiny that was specifically optimized for edge computing environments.

Enhanced ethylene/ethane selectivity of PI membrane with functionalized zeolite addition.

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), consisting of fillers dispersed in a polymer matrix, have been extensively studied for gas separation. However, their application in ethylene/ethane (C₂H₄/C₂H₆) separation remains limited. This study examines the impact of incorporating highly selective zeolite fillers into a 6FDA-DAM-type polyimide on C₂H₄/C₂H₆ separation performance.

Targeting steroid hormone receptors for anti-cancer therapy.

Steroid Hormone Receptors (SHRs) when bound to its ligand can act as transcription factors, which are responsible for transcription of important genes via hormone responsive element in our genome. Many studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms involved with SHRs. Cancer specific aberrant expression pattern of SHR and variation in their mechanism created an opportunity to specifically target SHRs for developing highly effective anti-cancer therapeutics.

Pinene-Based Chiral Bipyridine Ligands Drive Potent Antibacterial Activity in Rhenium(I) Complexes.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global health threat by rendering existing antibiotics ineffective against infections, leading to increased mortality, prolonged illnesses, and higher healthcare costs. Developing new antibiotics is essential to combat resistant pathogens, safeguard modern medical procedures, and prevent a return to a pre-antibiotic era where common infections become untreatable. We report a series of chiral tricarbonyl rhenium(I) complexes incorporating enantiopure pinene-substituted bipyridine ligands (L#) of the general formula -[Re(CO)L#X] and -[Re(CO)L#Py] (where X = Cl or Br and Py = pyridine).

Structural Features of Nucleoproteins from the Recently Discovered and .

The recent discovery of (SGLV) and (BJNV) in China has raised significant concern due to their potential to cause severe human disease. However, little is known about the structural features and function of their nucleoproteins, which play a key role in the viral life cycle. By combining small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data and AlphaFold 3 simulations, we reconstructed the BJNV and SGLV nucleoprotein structures for the first time.

Exogenous Melatonin Application Improves Shade Tolerance and Growth Performance of Soybean Under Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems.

Maize-soybean intercropping is widely practised to improve land use efficiency, but shading from maize often limits soybean growth and productivity. Melatonin, a plant signaling molecule with antioxidant and growth-regulating properties, has shown potential in mitigating various abiotic stresses, including low light. This study investigated the efficacy of applying foliar melatonin (MT) to enhance shade tolerance and yield performance of soybean under intercropping.

Analysis of phytosterols encapsulated in pegylated liposomes.

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids were encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes with free stigmasterol (ST), stigmasterol myristate (ME), and stigmasterol oleate (OE). Their quality was assessed using TEM, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic diameter measurements. The liposomes were heated to 60 °C and 180 °C.

Exploration of Sapogenins as Promising Lead Compounds in the Development of Novel Antimicrobial Agents.

Sapogenins, the aglycone moieties of saponins, have garnered interest for their potential as antimicrobial agents due to their membrane-disrupting properties. This study investigates a selection of natural and semi-synthetic derivatives of two key sapogenins, diosgenin and tigogenin, to evaluate their antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A series of derivatives with modifications at the C-3 position were synthesised and tested for their effects on bacterial growth, carbon metabolism, and membrane disruption.

Discovery of a selective dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B inhibitor with anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetic activities.

Background: Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) is implicated in metabolic diseases, with high expression linked to adipocyte differentiation and metabolic disorders. This study investigated the anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetic effects of a novel selective DYRK1B inhibitor, N-(4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl) phenyl)acetamide (KS-40070).

Methods: The efficacy of KS-40070 was evaluated using 3T3-L1 cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC), and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice.

Regulation of viral hepatitis by N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation.

Recent studies have shown that the presence of an RNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (mA), in viral RNAs during infection significantly impacts the outcome of viral replication and pathogenesis. In particular, various functions of mA have been elucidated in hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV). During viral infection, mA methylation not only directly affects the replication of these viruses but also regulates diverse cellular RNAs to control pathogenesis.

Technological Advances in Anti-hair Loss and Hair Regrowth Cosmeceuticals: Mechanistic Breakthroughs and Industrial Prospects Driven by Multidisciplinary Collaborative Innovation.

In light of the escalating global prevalence of hair loss, there is an imperative to explore strategies for the prevention and promotion of hair growth. This article reviews the current situation, challenges, innovations, and prospects of cosmetics that promote anti-hair loss and hair growth. Firstly, the physiological and pathological mechanisms of hair loss, including androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and alopecia areata, as well as the influence of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, are explored.

A dual-strategy approach to improve GS-441524 therapy in feline infectious peritonitis: salt engineering and orally disintegrating tablet development.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by mutations in feline enteric coronavirus, posing significant challenges in feline medicine. GS-441524 (GS), the active metabolite of remdesivir, has demonstrated efficacy in FIP treatment. However, its poor solubility and low oral bioavailability require high doses for therapeutic effect, limiting its practicality.

Role of Repressive Histone Lysine Demethylases and Methylases in Susceptibility to Depression Using a Novel Progressive Social Defeat Stress Mouse Model.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) results from repeated and constant exposure to stress over prolonged periods. The highly variable response to stress and the low heritability suggests that MDD has a strong epigenetic basis. Studies show global dysregulation of histone modifications in both susceptible and resilient animals after chronic stress suggesting involvement of epigenetics in stress response in the brain.

Influence of the Ball-to-Powder Ratio on Phase Formation and Functional Properties of AlCoFeNiTi High-Entropy Alloys Synthesized by High-Energy Ball Milling.

Herein, AlCoFeNiTi high-entropy alloy (HEA) samples were prepared by mechanical alloying using high ball-to-powder (BtP) ratios to investigate the effects of this method on phase formation, magnetic properties, and electrical conductivity. X-ray diffraction revealed that the prepared samples contained amorphous, body-centered cubic (BCC), and face-centered cubic (FCC) phases. The samples were dominated by the amorphous phase, indicating the influence of high BtP ratios on their structure.

Fabrication and optimization of freeze-dried isoniazid-loaded poly--caprolactone nanoparticles.

Background: Microfluidic nanoprecipitation followed by freeze-drying would yield uniformly sized, stable nanoparticles by preserving their physicochemical property without compromising therapeutic performance. The isoniazid (INH)-loaded poly--caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles could be developed using a microfluidic technique for the management of tuberculosis.

Experimental Approach: The INH-loaded nanoparticles were fabricated via a microreactor-assisted nanoprecipitation method and optimization using a design of experiments factorial design approach.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Extrusion in Fortifying Rice Analogues With Dietary Fiber.

The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of extrusion processing parameters on the incorporation and retention of dietary fiber (DF), mainly cellulose and hemicellulose, in fortified rice analogue. Specifically, the study focused on fortifying the rice with soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in a 1:3 ratio. The process parameters such as moisture content (20%-30%), screw speed (120-160 rpm), and die temperature (90-110°C) were used as independent parameters, whereas physicochemical,  functional properties, SDF and IDF content were used as dependent parameters through response surface methodology.

Stroke Modeling and Assessment in Mice Using Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion.

The internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) model in mice replicates a clinically relevant subtype of stroke (mild to moderate ischemic stroke). The ICAO model represents a significant advancement in preclinical stroke research, providing a more accurate representation of human strokes caused by internal carotid artery occlusion. This model has facilitated novel insights into epigenetic modifications following stroke, specifically the dynamics of histone lysine methylation and demethylation, which are crucial in ischemia-induced brain damage and recovery.

O/W/O emulsion gel-based fat analogue for encapsulating flavor substances: rheological properties and personalized 3D printing.

Oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsion gels were fabricated by a two-step procedure and used to encapsulate natural flavor compounds. The volatile flavor profiles of anhydrous milk fat-based emulsions treated with lipase and protease were systematically characterized, revealing that 9 h of enzyme treatment with dairy-like attributes. The systems with outer oil (O) content below 20 % failed to form a stable double structure.

Silicon-Assisted Photocatalyzed C-O Bond Cleavage: Broader Applications and Mechanistic Investigations.

A silicon-assisted C-O bond fragmentation strategy is developed by employing photoredox catalysis. This method describes an efficient transformative alternative for the dealkylation of aryl alkyl ethers comprising bioactive moieties. The protocol was successfully applied to the disintegration of lignin models and to the synthesis of an FLAP inhibitor.