Light and co-substrate Synergistically driven Chlorella sorokiniana Based xylitol biosynthesis strategy and Mechanism: A new Mode for xylitol production.

Xylitol, a high-value five-carbon sugar alcohol, is conventionally produced from xylose derived from lignocellulosic biomass. However, traditional chemical hydrogenation methods are energy-intensive, while microbial fermentation often requires co-substrates, limiting sustainability. This study explored a novel approach: xylitol biosynthesis by Chlorella sorokiniana under light and co-substrate synergistically driven (LCSD) conditions, aiming to overcome these limitations.

Aligned d-orbital energy level of dual-atom sites catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

The inherent scaling relationships between adsorption energies of oxygen-containing intermediates impose an intrinsic limitation on the maximum oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, which represents one of the bottlenecks for the practical application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). To address this challenge, we align the 3dz orbital energy levels of Fe and Co to selectively customize the dissociative ORR pathway without the formation of OOH* intermediates, circumventing the conventional OH*-OOH* scaling relations. This rational design is achieved by atomic phosphorus(P) substitution, which not only optimizes orbital matching towards O-O cis-bridge adsorption, but also stabilizes the spontaneously adsorbed OH ligand as an electronic modifier.

A Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter Is Critical for the Metabolism and Biogenesis of the Apicoplast.

The apicoplast is a highly specialized organelle in the biosynthesis of essential metabolites in most of the apicomplexan protozoa. This organelle is surrounded by four layers of membranes. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating transmembrane transport are not yet fully understood.

Flexible Wearable Heart Rate Monitoring System and Low-Power Design: A Review.

In an increasingly interconnected world, flexible wearable systems have emerged as transformative technologies, revolutionizing the monitoring and management of personal health and daily activities. With the surging demand for health monitoring, these systems have demonstrated remarkable potential in heart rate monitoring and the detection of heart rate irregularities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the design of flexible wearable heart rate monitoring systems, with a particular focus on their low-power design.

Anti-PS IgG Immune Complexes Impair Macrophage Phagocytosis in SLE via LOX-Dependent Oxidative Stress.

Purpose: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease with systemic complications mediated by immune-complex formation. The elevated level of anti-phosphatidylserine (PS) IgG has been implicated in SLE pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effector mechanisms of PS immune-complex during lupus development.

Gold Nanocluster Isomerization Drives Supramolecular Transition from Heterochiral to Homochiral Helices.

The transformation of metal nanocluster (MNC)-based heterochiral assemblies into their homochiral analogues is a compelling goal inspired by the ubiquitous homochirality observed in living systems. Owing to the intricate factors governing nanomaterial chirality, the precise control of supramolecular chirality in MNCs remains rarely demonstrated. Herein, we demonstrated the coassembly behavior of AuNCs protected by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (AuPRT) with chiral mandelic acid (MA), which revealed the formation of hybrid chiral superstructures of - and -helices in a single system.

An efficient and convenient method for the preservation of germplasm resources: Cryopreservation of mature testis of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea).

Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most important marine economic fish. However, due to overfishing and long-term artificial breeding, the germplasm has degraded in recent years, and the wild germplasm has been listed as critically endangered. It is urgent to protect the germplasm resources of Larimichthys crocea.

A rapid method for detecting trace Rb and Cs in high-salinity brines by ICP-MS equipped with an all-matrix sampling device.

This study presents a rapid and highly sensitive method for the determination of trace rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) in high-salinity brines using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipped with an all-matrix sampling (AMS) device. The AMS system achieves online gas dilution by vertically introducing argon gas into the brine sample flow, effectively reducing the severe matrix suppression effect caused by 35 g·L salinity to an intermediate level. Experimental results demonstrated that the signal suppression induced by coexisting cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg) in actual brine samples was minimal (< 1.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the retrospective family unpredictability scale.

Objective: This study aimed to revise the Chinese version of the Retrospective Family Unpredictability Scale (Retro-FUS-C) and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods: Two independent samples were collected through convenience sampling. Sample 1 ( = 277) was used for item analysis, parallel analysis, and exploratory factor analysis.

Optimization of Production Conditions for Extracellular Vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei LH23 Using Response Surface Methodology: Enhancement of Yield and Exploration of Stability, Safety, and Anti-inflammatory Capacity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from probiotics containing multiple bioactive ingredients play important roles in intercellular communication, immunomodulation, and tumor suppression, therefore possessing enormous potential for improving health, targeted drug delivery, and vaccine development. However, the difficulty in extraction and low yield limits the widespread application of EVs. Here, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LH23 EVs (LP-Evs).

Key roles of Drosophila flavin-containing monooxygenases in lipid metabolism and longevity.

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are a highly conserved enzyme family widely distributed across diverse organisms, primarily known for their role in xenobiotic metabolism. However, their endogenous physiological functions in insects remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of Drosophila melanogaster FMOs (DmFMO1 and DmFMO2) using RNA interference-mediated knockdown and UAS/GAL4-driven overexpression, combined with LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and in vivo/vitro biochemical assays.

Hierarchical luminescence center coupling enables time-dependent phosphorescence color from self-protective carbonized polymer dots.

Time-dependent phosphorescence color is attractive for various applications; however, the modulation mechanism of multiple luminescence centers is still confused. Herein, we proposed a hierarchical luminescence center coupling strategy to develop self-protective xylan carbonized polymer dots with time-dependent phosphorescence color. When using 1,3-diaminopropane as the cross-linker, the polymer dots feature a highly stable and rigid architecture, the clusterization-triggered phosphorescence of which is fully exploited to form hierarchical core-shell phosphorescence centers with different afterglow colors.

Bio-upcycling PET waste: Advances in enzymatic hydrolysis and biosynthesis of value-added products.

With excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability, poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), an engineering plastic, is widely applied in textiles and packaging. However, the widespread use and low biodegradability of PET have resulted in significant environmental pollution. Recent advances in PET hydrolase discovery and engineering have driven the rapid advancement of PET bio-recycling, while efficient PET hydrolases can depolymerize PET into monomers under mild conditions, providing a sustainable approach to potentially addressing the plastic pollution issue.

Ion Valency as a Molecular Switch for Salt-Resistant Underwater Adhesion.

Achieving underwater adhesion remains challenging due to the disruption of interfacial interactions by hydration layers and the ionic environment. This study shows how high adhesion in a saline environment can be achieved in adhesive peptide systems relying on π-π and cation-π interactions using multivalent ions. Monovalent ions (K) disrupt native peptide-peptide interactions, drastically reducing adhesion strength.

Cross-Interaction of Chinese Characters Structures and Boundary Features for Improving Clinical Named Entity Recognition.

In the natural language processing task of clinical named entity recognition (CNER), accurately identifying the boundaries and categories of medical entities is crucial. However, traditional methods struggle to recognize a large number of clinical terms and symbols that have never been encountered before, ultimately limiting the performance of CNER. Besides, there exist some easy-to-confuse Chinese clinical entities that are semantically similar but belong to quite different categories, such as "" (pulmonary nodules, a symptom entity) and "" (pulmonary tuberculosis, a disease entity), which can lead to entity misidentification.

Hydroxychloroquine-Derived Ionizable Lipid Facilitates Spleen-Tropic Transfection and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy.

The success of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines has boosted their development against various diseases, especially tumors. However, their clinical application is hindered by limited therapeutic efficacy and non-negligible side effects. Many studies attempt to improve therapeutic effect against tumors by using spleen-tropism mRNA delivery systems.

Modeling and evaluation for the infrared suppression ratio of an EUV collector with integrated spectral purity filters.

The suppression of infrared (IR) radiation represents a significant functionality in state-of-the-art extreme ultraviolet (EUV) collectors. This study develops an analytical method to define the infrared suppression ratio (IRSR) and provides a systematic evaluation of IR-suppression performance in large-aperture EUV collectors with integrated spectral purity filters (SPFs). By introducing the concept of linear irradiance (LI), the proposed IRSR metric conveniently incorporates and decouples critical parameters, including the collector geometry, radiation source characteristics, Bragg multilayer reflectance, and grating diffraction efficiency.

The efficacy and safety of intra-arterial thrombolysis in mechanical thrombectomy: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Background And Objectives: Intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) may improve microvascular reperfusion and reduce disability in patients with ischemic stroke. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of MT combined with IAT for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases in all languages published from inception to May 30th, 2025, using the search terms "stroke", "thrombectomy", "intra-arterial thrombolysis".

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Bipolarolides A and B.

Bipolarolides A and B are members of the ophiobolin family of sesterterpenes, characterized by their intricate cage-like structures. Herein we report a concise asymmetric total synthesis of bipolarolides A and B enabled by the type-II Diels-Alder reaction. The synthesis features a sequence of key transformations: an iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylation to establish the first stereocenter, type-II Diels-Alder reaction to rapidly assemble the bicyclo[3.

Sexual failure decreases sweet taste perception in male via dopaminergic signaling.

Sweet taste perception, a critical aspect of the initiation of feeding behavior, is primarily regulated by an animal's internal metabolic state. However, non-metabolic factors, such as motivational and emotional states, can also influence peripheral sensory processing and hence feeding behavior. While mating experience is known to induce motivational and emotional changes, its broader impact on other innate behaviors, such as feeding, remains largely uncharacterized.

N-modulated algal-bacterial symbiosis: Dual detoxification and bioproduction enhancement from acid-lignocellulosic pretreatment wastewater.

The lignocellulosic biorefining process produces acid-pretreated lignocellulosic wastewater (ALPW), which is rich in fermentable sugars but also contains inhibitory compounds (furfural/5-HMF/acetic acid). This study first systematically assessed the potential for ALPW valorization through algal-bacterial symbiosis with N-regulation. The results showed that 4 × ALPW enabled optimal algal biomass (3.

Multivariate analysis of soil particle size distribution and Spatial correlation with soil moisture characteristics in different vegetation types of Mu Us Sandy Land.

In this paper, the fractal mechanism of soil improvement by vegetation was revealed by analyzing the soil characteristics under four typical vegetation types: Salix cheilophila, Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Corethrodendron fruticosum in Mu Us Sandy Land. The results showed that (1) the soil of each vegetation type was mainly composed of sand (> 90%), and the content of clay and silt was less than 10%. CF had the least heterogeneity of soil particles in the 0-120 cm soil layer, HR was uniformly distributed in the 120-200 cm soil layer, and the change trend of particle composition in the 140-200 cm soil layer was consistent.

Multifunctional Chiral Halide Perovskites: Advancing Chiro-Optics, Chiro-Optoelectronics, and Spintronics.

Chiral halide perovskites (CHPs) represent a revolutionary material class, integrating the exceptional optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites with chirality. This unique combination enables advanced functionalities in chiroptics, spintronics, and next-generation optoelectronics. Recent breakthroughs highlight CHPs' capabilities in circularly polarized light (CPL) emission/detection, spin-selective charge transport, and nonlinear optical processes, establishing them as a focal point in multifunctional material research.

Direct Measurement of Transverse Compressive Properties of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Single Carbon Fibers.

Evaluating the properties of single carbon fibers is crucial, as it provides parameters not only for optimizing carbon fiber production processes but also for enhancing composite material properties. In recent years, significant advancement have been made in the evaluations of the transverse compressive properties of single fibers. However, compressive testing methods for fibers in the fine size range remain limited at the commercial scale.