Emerging opportunities and challenges in small molecule development for non-HSP90 chaperones.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are pivotal regulators of proteostasis, with their dysregulation implicated in cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. Significant progress has been made in targeting HSP90, particularly in oncology, where inhibitors have demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential and validated HSP90 as a promising drug target. However, other HSP families remain relatively underexplored as drug targets despite their critical biological roles.

Lanthanide Core-Satellite Nanoprobes with Dually Activatable Magnetic Resonance and Second Near-Infrared Fluorescence Signals for Perioperative Image-Guided Cancer Surgery.

Image-guided surgery plays a critical role in improving the cancer patient prognosis. However, current clinical probes are often single-modal with "always-on" signals, failing to provide complementary and precise guidance across all perioperative phases. To tackle this hurdle, we develop a biomarker-activatable, multimodal nanoprobe - - based on redox-mediated manganese valence switching for tumor-specific, perioperative image-guided surgery.

Cascaded metasurface for polarization-dependent varifocal vortex beam manipulation.

Vortex beams, characterized by orbital angular momentum (OAM), hold significant potential in optical communications, quantum information processing, and optical manipulation. However, existing metasurface designs are largely confined to single-degree-of-freedom control, such as static OAM generation or fixed focal points, which limiting their ability to integrate polarization multiplexing with dynamic focal tuning. To address this challenge, we propose a tunable multifunctional cascaded metasurface that synergizes polarization-sensitive phase engineering with interlayer rotational coupling, overcoming conventional device limitations.

Functional characterization of CsSTK in floral organ development and its positive regulation by CsBPC5 in tea plants.

Background: As an important economic crop, the development of floral organs in tea plants plays an essential role in tea yield, quality, and varietal improvement. Previous studies have shown significant downregulation of the CsSTK gene in the pistil-deficient mutant 'Yuncha Qirui' (CRQS) during flower development, suggesting its involvement in floral organ and pistil development.

Results: This study investigated CsSTK function and regulatory mechanisms, concurrently conducting a systematic identification of the BPC transcription factor family members in tea plants.

MHLC, a novel tea germplasm with cyanidin-dominant anthocyanin profiling and low-catechin trait driven by flavonoid pathway Divergence.

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a vital economic crop whose quality and health benefits are primarily determined by flavonoid compounds, particularly catechins and anthocyanins. However, the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of governing flavonoid accumulation remain unclear. A novel tea germplasm, MHLC, with a reddish-purple phenotype was identified in this study.

Succinate Dehydrogenase A-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma with Predominantly Papillary Structures: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Succinate dehydrogenase ()-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare molecularly defined renal tumor characterized by defects in the subunit types , , , and , with most of these genetic alterations involving the subunit, whereas the , and gene mutations are less frequent. The classic pathological features of -deficient RCC include a nest-like arrangement of tumor cells containing abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, intracytoplasmic translucent or pale inclusion bodies, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry studies have revealed SDH protein deletion with mutations in the gene in this condition.

Long-term survival outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage II-III HR+/HER2- breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer is the largest subgroup among these cases. The application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has rapidly increased in recent years, but its impact on long-term survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer remains debated.

Neighbourhood greenness might impact thyroid hormone levels in children, adolescents, and young adults.

Background: Growing attention has been paid to the health benefits of neighbourhood greenness in urban cities, whereas the potential impacts on thyroid hormone levels remain unclear, particularly among children, adolescents, and young adults.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 57,198 participants aged 6-25 years from an open cohort in Taiwan, observed from 2000 to 2017. Individual thyroid stimulating-hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured using immunoassay analysers.

Building high-performance mixed matrix membranes from stable COF colloids for CO/N separation.

A "retardation & solvation" strategy was developed for synthesizing stable β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) colloids. Their mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with a Pebax-1657 matrix exhibited exceptional gas separation performance with a CO permeability up to 322 Barrer and a CO/N selectivity over 72.1.

Functional hollow porous microfiber scaffold with BMP-2 for macrophages polarization and bone regeneration.

Artificial bone substitutes have garnered significant attention within the field of biomaterials, and the use of tissue engineering technology to repair bone defects has emerged as a promising alternative. However, when artificial bone substitutes are implanted in the body, they can induce many adverse cellular and tissue immune responses. In this study, we use coaxial electrospinning technology to fabricate microfiber with controllable diameter, excellent mechanical properties and surface porous structure.

Comparative effects of different loads of aerobic exercise on lipid metabolism in MASLD rats: a perspective from the gut-liver axis.

Objective: Exercise training has been shown to be effective in ameliorating obesity-related diseases, but the therapeutic effects of different loads of exercise on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) as well as the underlying mechanisms by which exercise is based on the enterohepatic axis and thus alleviates MASLD are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the optimal exercise load for improving MASLD and to reveal its molecular mechanisms in the treatment of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) in the context of the enterohepatic axis.

Methods: Forty male rats were randomly divided into two groups: NFD ( = 8) and HFD ( = 32).

Exercise and Nutrition for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Subgroup Analysis by Population Characteristics.

Sarcopenia significantly affects the health and quality of life in older adults. Exercise combined with nutritional interventions is widely recognized as an effective strategy for improving sarcopenia outcomes. However, current studies rarely focus on differential effects across subpopulations with distinct demographic and health characteristics.

Continuous-time random walk and fractional order calculus models histogram analysis of glioma biomarkers, including , , , and , on differentiation.

Background: The focus of neuro-oncology research has changed from histopathologic grading to molecular characteristics, and medical imaging routinely follows this change. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using continuous-time random walk (CTRW) and fractional order calculus (FROC) models, together with histogram analysis, in identifying the states of molecular biomarkers of diffuse gliomas in adults.

Methods: A total of 111 diffuse glioma patients undergoing multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were included.

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Bipolarolides A and B.

Bipolarolides A and B are members of the ophiobolin family of sesterterpenes, characterized by their intricate cage-like structures. Herein we report a concise asymmetric total synthesis of bipolarolides A and B enabled by the type-II Diels-Alder reaction. The synthesis features a sequence of key transformations: an iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylation to establish the first stereocenter, type-II Diels-Alder reaction to rapidly assemble the bicyclo[3.

Survival-inferred fragility of statistical significance in phase III oncology trials.

In phase III oncology trials, superiority is defined by statistical significance using P thresholds. However, this approach has been criticized because P is continuous. Here, we reconstruct patient-level data for 230 phase III oncology trials to model the robustness of statistical significance by estimating the survival-inferred fragility index (SIFI), defined as the smallest number of patients changing arms that alters the statistical significance interpretation.

Effects of ball combination training program combined with cTBS intervention on motor disorder in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Unlabelled: Purpose In children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), motor disorders (MD) are a common occurrence, and developing effective interventions continues to be challenging. This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week ball combination training program (BCTP) combined with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) on MD in children with ASD.

Methods: The study employed a 4 (cTBS, BCTP, cTBS*BCTP, control group) × 2 (pre-test, post-test) mixed design methodology.

Effect of Tai Chi on Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine, femoral greater trochanter, Ward's triangle, femoral neck, and calcaneus among middle-aged and older adults through a meta-analysis.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including CNKI, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of Tai Chi on BMD in middle-aged and older populations. The literature search covered the period from the establishment of each database to February 25, 2025.

Local Coordination Environment-Driven Structural Dynamics of Single-Atom Copper and the CO Electroreduction Pathway.

Structural stability is a critical factor in realizing the potential of single-atom catalysts (SACs), yet remaining a major challenge hindering their large-scale application. Understanding the structural dynamics of SACs is essential for elucidating the structure-activity relationship and guiding the design of high-performance SACs. In this study, we selected five well-defined mononuclear copper (Cu) complexes with varying ligand structures to explore the coordination-driven structural dynamics of Cu single atoms and their interaction with the electrochemical CO reduction (COR) pathway.

Engineered EVs from 3D-Cultured MSCs for Synergistic Modulation of Inflammatory Microenvironment and Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and serious joint disease characterized by synovitis and articular cartilage degeneration. Effective nonsurgical treatments for OA are still lacking. In this study, we designed an injectable temperature-sensitive hydrogel system delivering engineered extracellular vesicles for the treatment of OA.

A deep learning-based image analysis model for automated scoring of horizontal ocular movement disorders.

Introduction: This study proposes a deep learning-based image analysis method for automated scoring of the severity of horizontal ocular movement disorders and evaluates its performance against traditional manual scoring methods.

Methods: A total of 2,565 ocular images were prospectively collected from 164 patients with ocular movement disorders and 121 healthy subjects. These images were labeled and used as the training set for the RetinaEye automatic scoring model.

Molecular Weight Tailored Hydrogen Bonding Networks in PVA/PEDOT: PSS: Decoupling the Conductivity-Flexibility Trade-Off for Robust Epidermal EMG Monitoring.

Flexible wearable devices have significant potential for diverse applications, prioritizing the development of portable, safe, and stable dry electrodes. This study focused on designing six poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) variants with controlled molecular weights (10k-70k), combined with a water-soluble soft polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), to enhance the electrical properties, mechanical strength, and long-term stability of the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): PSS polymer complex. We systematically examined morphological modifications, interactions, and conductive processes of PVA/PEDOT: PSS films, along with the mechanisms behind their improved stretchability and resistance stability.

The sex-specific effects of sodium alginate with varying viscosities on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in rats.

Background: Sodium alginate (SA), a dietary fiber, is known to influence lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. However, its long-term effects of viscosity/dose and sex-specific differences remain underexplored. This study investigates the impact of SA with different viscosities and doses on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in 120 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats over 90 days.

Application and effectiveness of experiential education combined with health coaching techniques in extended care for elderly patients with dental implants.

Objective: Experiential education (EE) and health coaching techniques (HCT) were proved to be effective in health management. This study investigated the effectiveness of EE combined with HCT in extended care for elderly patients with dental implants.

Methods: A total of 90 elderly patients who received implant restoration were randomly divided into intervention group (IG) and control group (CG).

CSN6 aggravates inflammation and Myocardial injury in macrophage of sepsis model by MIF.

Sepsis, one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients, is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response to infection. Caregivers closely monitor patients' organ function indicators in the intensive care unit,which is essential for the early identification and management of organ dysfunction cauxsd by sepsis. Hence, we investigated the effects of CSN6 on sepsis and its underlying mechanism.

Design and Experiment of an Automatic Leveling System for Tractor-Mounted Implements.

The body roll of the tractor propagates through its rigid hitch system to the mounted implement, causing asymmetrical soil penetration depths between the implement's lateral working elements, which affects the operational effectiveness of the implement. To address this issue, this study developed an automatic leveling system based on a dual closed-loop fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm for tractor-mounted implements. The system employed an attitude angle sensor to detect implement posture in real time and utilized two double-acting hydraulic cylinders to provide a compensating torque for the implement that is opposite to the direction of the body's roll.