Rice B2 and B3 subgroup RAF kinases play central roles in both ABA and osmotic stress signaling.

Protein kinases in the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) superfamily are known to be central actors in orchestrating cell differentiation, growth, and responses to extracellular stimuli in eukaryotes. However, the rice (Oryza sativa L.) MAPKKKs, especially the rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) subgroup ones, have rarely been studied yet.

Overexpression of ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs) from Hydrangea macrophylla enhance aluminum tolerance.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family represents a large and diverse protein superfamily that plays a crucial role in responding to metal elements stresses. Hydrangea macrophylla is notable for its sepal's bright blue color caused by sequestration of an aluminum (Al) binding pigment in the sepal vacuoles. This allows the species to thrive in acidic soil with high toxic levels of Al.

Mechanistic investigation of MOF-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of -alkynylanilines using Zn-UiO-67-BPY as a catalyst.

Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations were used to determine the distribution of active catalytic sites in Zn-UiO-67-BPY and the mechanism behind the MOF-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of -alkynylanilines. It was found computationally that the active sites were located at a distance from each other within the framework, promoting catalysis. Additionally, the fixation of Zn(II)-bipyridine to the MOF contributed to the barrier of the rate-determining step and stabilized the transition state.

The full‑length genome sequence of a novel polymycovirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea.

Here, a novel dsRNA virus belonging to the family Polymycoviridae was identified in the phytopathogenic fungal strain B. dothidea ZM200473 and tentatively named "Botryosphaeria dothidea polymycovirus 2" (BdPmV2). The genome of BdPmV2 consists of five genomic dsRNA segments, ranging in size from 1224 to 2407 bp, each containing an open reading frame (ORF).

Deciphering the formation rule and anti-retrogradation potential of starch/ferulic acid/ovalbumin composite gels: A ratio modulation and interaction perspective.

To improve the quality of starch gels and enhance their anti-retrogradation behavior, this work developed a wheat starch composite gel system incorporating ovalbumin (OVA) at various ferulic acid (FA) ratios. RVA revealed that the incorporation of OVA and FA effectively facilitated the starch pasting process. FT-IR analysis indicated that OVA and FA disrupted the intermolecular hydrogen bonding network of starch during the modification process, consequently leading to a reduction in the energy storage modulus of the gel.

High-Fat Diet-Induced Mild Obesity Alters the Activation of T Cells and Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis in Food Allergy Animal Model.

A close association between obesity and food allergies has been described, but from the perspective of T cell differentiation, controversial findings exist regarding the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on the development of food allergies. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between HFD-induced mild obesity and food allergy development in female BALB/c mice. Following 18 weeks of HFD feeding, experimental animals demonstrated a 10.

A segmented model based internal model control scheme of electromagnetic micro-mirror systems.

In this paper, a segmented internal model control (SIMC) scheme based on the segmented combination model of the electromagnetic micro-mirror system (EMMS) is established. Notice that highly underdamped oscillation and rate-dependent hysteresis exist in the EMMS, so it is a complex nonlinear dynamic system. In order to control the deflection angle of the EMMS using the internal model control strategy, it is necessary to establish the inverse model of the EMMS.

Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal the roles of apricot miR166a and miR396c in the growth and development of apricot-peach grafted chimera.

Plant grafting is widely used to cultivate fruit tree species such as apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and peach (Prunus persica) to address production challenges by creating graft chimeras with desirable traits. Two-way apricot-peach heterografted chimeras, apricot/peach (Pa/Pp) and peach/apricot (Pp/Pa), were generated with varied phenotypes. Analysis of microRNAs in the apricot (Pa) segment of heterografted chimeras identified a total of 732 miRNAs (300 known and 432 novel), with 257 differentially expressed compared to homografts (Pa/Pa).

Effect of ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting treatment on the physicochemical properties of mung bean protein/milk protein concentrate hybrid protein systems and its application in hybrid yogurt gels.

This study aimed to explore the impact of ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting on the physicochemical characteristics of a mung bean protein/milk protein concentrate (MBP/MPC) hybrid protein system and assess its applicability in hybrid yogurt gels. The results indicated that ultrasound and pH-shifting synergistically improved the physicochemical properties of hybrid protein system, increasing solubility (86.92 %-91.

Exploring the effect of milk protein concentrate on the physicochemical and digestive properties of fermentation-induced mung bean protein gels.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of introducing varying percentages (10-50 %) of milk protein concentrate (MPC) on the physicochemical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of fermentation-induced mung bean protein (MBP) gels. The results indicated that the storage modulus (G'), hardness, and chewiness of the MBP/MPC hybrid yogurt gel initially increased and then reduced with rising MPC levels. The MBP/MPC gel with a composition of 30 % MPC and 70 % MBP exhibited the highest G' and water-holding capacity (WHC) as well as the most uniform and dense network structure.

Effects of different lactic acid bacteria fermentation on active substances and functional characteristics of honeysuckle liquid: analysis of metabolites of honeysuckle liquid based on metabolomics.

In order to study the effects of lactic acid bacteria on the active substances and functions of honeysuckle, metabolomics was used to analyze the differential metabolites of honeysuckle fermented by lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that increased the contents of total phenols, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid by 26.48, 22.

Comprehensive metabolomics based exploration of digestive characteristics of biotransformed apple polyphenols.

Apple () polyphenols possess functional properties; however, their human body absorption is impeded. To enhance their absorption, apple polyphenols were fermented using zrx01. Gastrointestinal digestion and metabolomics analyses were conducted.

Phosphoproteomics analysis of acid stress response of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in response to acid stress.

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris causes pasteurized acidic juices spoilage, resulting in a significant decline in juice quality and causing economic losses. Exploration of A. acidoterrestris in response to acid stress could help control contamination caused by the bacteria.

Exploring the mechanisms of flavor formation and polyphenolic changes in hop-infused sourdough bread affected by hop varieties and soaking methods.

(hops) is globally recognized in food production as a flavor enhancer and flour improver. Here, different hop-soaking methods (cold and boiling water) and varieties (Tsingtao and Saaz) were investigated to determine how these influence the flavor profile of hop-based sourdough bread. Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap-mass spectrometry, automatic amino acid analysis, and bionic sensors were used to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs), amino acids, polyphenols, and sensory attributes.

Effects of polysaccharides and soy protein isolate on the gel properties and molecular structure of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi.

Background: Squid has characterized by high protein, low fat and no intermuscular bones, which makes it an ideal raw material for making surimi. However, the gel quality of squid surimi is inferior because of its high endogenous enzyme activity and low content of myosin and transglutaminase, which makes myofibrillar protein easy to be degraded and the degree of cross-linking of myosin heavy chain low. Although the cost of starch is low, its addition may lead to the reduction of protein content and the increase of heat of the gel product, and excessive addition may even reduce the quality of the product.

miR-10-5p mediated susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole by targeting for SfGSTe1 in Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith).

Glutathione S-transferases (GST) in pests plays a critical role in insecticide resistance. In this study, SfGSTe1 expression significant upregulation under chlorantraniliprole exposure, chlorantraniliprole susceptibility improvement after injected dsSfGSTe1 and miR-10-5p target located in the 3' UTR of SfGSTe1 conducted by luciferase reporter assays were observed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). Injected miR-10-5p agomir reduced significantly SfGSTe1 abundance, together with increased chlorantraniliprole susceptibility, while injected miR-10-5p antagomir improved significantly SfGSTe1 abundance and thus decreased chlorantraniliprole susceptibility in the larvae of S.

Hyaluronic acid-functionalized nanoarmor enhances the stable colonization ability of Paenibacillus polymyxa JF_P68 and boosts its biological control efficacy against pear anthracnose.

Background: The application of biocontrol agents offers a promising strategy for managing pear anthracnose, yet their efficacy is often limited by unstable colonization on fruit surfaces.

Results: Here, we isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa JF_P68, which exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum fructicola. To enhance its environmental tolerance, we developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized nanoarmor using a layer-by-layer coating technique.

Smi-miRmTERF regulates organelle development, retrograde signaling, secondary metabolism and immunity via targeting a subset of SmmTERFs in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs, some of which can trigger phased secondary small interfering RNA (phasiRNA) production from target genes. Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs), mainly localized in chloroplasts and/or mitochondria, play critical roles in plant development and stress responses. We report here the identification of 63 mTERFs and a 22 nt novel miRNA (smi-miRmTERF), which directly cleave SmmTERF33 and SmmTERF45 transcripts to trigger phasiRNA biogenesis.

Genetic diversity of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in poultry across China and implications for zoonotic transmission.

Nationwide surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live poultry markets across China has occurred since 2014, providing a resource for AIV prevalence and genetic diversity studies. Here we report that 3,237 of 18,425 samples from poultry were AIV positive (17.57%) between 2019 and 2023, with H9N2 being the dominant subtype.

Apoplast Engineering Unveiled: Multi-Target Strategies to Disarm Pathogens and Elevate Global Food Security.

In nature, plants are associated with a variety of microbes that exert beneficial, neutral, and pathogenic effects within their hosts. Pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes pose a significant threat to the health and productivity of plants in both natural ecosystems and agricultural environments. To regulate the outcomes of plant-microbe interactions, the apoplast is capable of detecting and responding to pathogens infections.

Integrated lncRNA and mRNA analysis reveals the immune modulatory mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) possess vaccine adjuvant activity; however, their specific targets and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, which hinders their clinical application. This study aimed to elucidate the key targets and pathways through which the antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 modulates immune responses in macrophages, providing evidence for its potential clinical translation. In this investigation, Balb/c mice were administered BSN-37 for 12 h, after which total RNA was extracted from peritoneal macrophages to assess the mRNA expression levels of cytokines and key molecules on the cell surface, followed by transcriptomic sequencing.

Regulatory mechanism of DNMT3A in interferon expression inhibition by Newcastle disease virus V protein.

Newcastle disease, caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and characterised by rapid onset and high mortality rates, is a highly contagious disease in the poultry industry. Interferons (IFN) play a key role in host defence against NDV, however, the non-structural protein V of NDV can antagonise IFN to facilitate NDV immune escape. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)3A, an important regulator of IFN signalling molecules, may participate in the process by which the V protein inhibits IFN.

Fludioxonil resistance in : Biological characteristics and resistance mechanisms.

Rice Bakanae Disease (RBD), caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, threatens global rice production. While the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil shows efficacy against F. fujikuroi, resistance mechanisms remain understudied.

Development of a Paper-Based Microfluidic Chip for Point-of-Care Detection of PEDV.

PEDV poses a significant threat to the global swine industry, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic methods for effective disease management. In this study, we developed a foldable, easy-to-use paper-based microfluidic analytical device (PAD) for on-site detection of PEDV. The device seamlessly integrates paper-based nucleic acid enrichment, LAMP reaction, and visual lateral flow detection into a single platform.

Research on the Optimization and Regulation Mechanism of Waterproofing, Impermeability, and Water Vapor Transmission Property of Mortar Based on Different Modifiers.

It is challenging for mortar to simultaneously enhance the transmission property of water vapor while maintaining excellent waterproofness and impermeability. However, in some applications, both are necessary. Therefore, three different kinds of modifiers, i.