Identification of galectin-9 and its antibacterial function in Yellow River carp ().

Introduction: Galectin-9 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that functions as a critical pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in the host immune system, initiating immune defense responses by recognizing and binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surface of microorganisms. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel galectin-9 cDNA, designated CcGal-9, from Yellow River carp ().

Methods: The full-length CcGal-9 cDNA was cloned and sequenced, and its structural features were analyzed.

RNAi bioassays targeting bursicon reveal potential targets for pest control of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata represents a significant economic pest, typically controlled through the use of chemical insecticides. The introduction of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has opened new avenues for biopesticide development, leading to the identification of various genes that are crucial for the growth and development of insects. However, the efficient screening of target genes in H.

The pH-responsive regulator PlPacC and GATA transcription factor PlAreB are involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of the antifungal lipopeptaibols leucinostatins in Purpureocillium lilacinum.

The biocontrol fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum PLBJ-1 produces leucinostatins, a class of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the optimization of culture conditions for leucinostatin production remain unexplored. Previous research showed that PLBJ-1 synthesizes leucinostatins more effectively in hand-made Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB-M) than in commercially available PDB (PDB-C).

MicroRNAs as Biotechnological Targets for Future Food Security and Agricultural Sustainability.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, playing key roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Their regulatory functions make miRNAs ideal targets for enhancing crop yield, quality, and stress tolerance using biotechnologies, such as transgenic overexpression and CRISPR/Cas genome editing. By targeting multiple genes, miRNAs address complex agricultural challenges effectively.

SSD-YOLO: a lightweight network for rice leaf disease detection.

Rice leaf diseases significantly impact yield and quality. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on manual inspection and empirical knowledge, making them subjective and prone to errors. This study proposes an improved YOLOv8-based rice disease detection method (SSD-YOLO) to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

Transcriptome dynamics and allele-specific regulation underlie wheat heterosis at the anthesis and grain-filling stages.

Background: As wheat is a globally important staple crop, the molecular regulatory network underlying heterosis in wheat remains incompletely understood. The flag leaf is the primary source of photoassimilates during grain filling and plays a crucial role in yield formation. However, the genetic mechanisms linking flag leaf development to heterosis are still unclear.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Helcystogramma triannulella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

Helcystogramma triannulella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a highly destructive pest that primarily targets crops within the Convolvulaceae family, causing significant agricultural losses. Although this species is economically significant, there are still few genomic resources available for it, which limits our ability to understand its biology and develop effective control strategies. Here, we present the first chromosome-scale genome assembly for H.

ZP-6 mitigates polystyrene nanoplastics-induced liver damage in colitis mice via the gut-liver axis.

Introduction: Nanoplastics (NPs) have become a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that exhibits a tendency to accumulate in large quantities in the tissues of the host body (enteritis patients) with intestinal damage and poses a serious health risk, for which there is currently no suitable method for clearance. Studies have found that lactic acid bacteria has the potential to eliminate pollutants from the body.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the capacity of ZP-6, a strain isolated from human feces with demonstrated microplastic-binding activity, to alleviate the physiological toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in healthy and colitic murine models.

Qingqiao polyphenols improve DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3/AIM2 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Qingqiao is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for its heat-clearing, detoxifying, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to these therapeutic effects, it has been commonly employed in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders in China.

Aims Of This Study: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Qingqiao polyphenols (QP) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, particularly the roles of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in regulating pyroptosis.

Exposure to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Disrupts Intestinal Barrier Function via NLRP3/Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major global pathogen that causes severe economic losses in dairy herds due to diarrhea, reproductive disorders, and reduced milk yield. Despite its well-documented systemic effects, the mechanism of BVDV-induced intestinal damage remains unclear. In our study, BVDV triggered cytopathic effects in intestinal epithelial cells, including cell death, goblet cell depletion, and disruption of barrier proteins.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Fabrication and Stability Evaluation of Pepper Seed Protein Nanoemulsions.

Pepper seeds, a key byproduct of pepper processing, are rich in high-quality plant proteins. This study investigated the structural and functional properties of pepper seed protein isolate (PSPI) and optimized the ultrasonic homogenization process for PSPI-based nanoemulsions using response surface methodology (RSM), followed by stability evaluation. The results showed that glutamic acid is the dominant amino acid in PSPI, with a molecular weight range of 10-55 kDa.

Walnut Green Husk Extract Enhances Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immune Functions by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Fattening Pigs.

This study investigates the effect of walnut green husk extract (WE) on gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune-antioxidant changes in fattening pigs through gut microbiota-metabolite interactions. A total of 60 healthy fattening pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial body weight of 65.2 ± 3.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of A. Rich. (Poaceae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of , an African species, was sequenced and characterized for the first time. The genome is 491,311 bp long and contains 53 unique genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on these genes using maximum likelihood revealed that is most closely related to Saccharum officinarum and most distantly related to .

Correction: Research progress on nanomaterial-empowered electrochemical biosensors for the detection of cardiac troponin I.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D5RA04555J.].

Construction, characterization, and application of immature peach powder-stabilized Pickering emulsion gel.

This study utilized immature peach powder (IPP) as a stabilizer to construct a food-grade Pickering emulsion gel system. The effects of IPP concentration (w) and oil phase volume fraction (ϕ) on its structure and properties were investigated, with subsequent application as a butter substitute in cake production. Results indicated that IPP exhibited diverse morphologies and broad size distribution (5-96 μm), with a three-phase contact angle of 75.

Identifying new targets for improving terpenoid biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica through random genomic cytosine base editing.

Background: Genome-scale mutagenesis integrated with high-throughput phenotypic screening and causal mutation mapping serves as a robust paradigm for systemic genetic dissection. Despite the application of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated genome editing in Yarrowia lipolytica, the development of alternative genome-wide mutagenesis strategies remains unexplored in this industrially relevant oleaginous yeast.

Results: We developed the Helicase-Assisted (Helicase-CDA) system, a genome-wide mutagenesis platform integrating the helicase domain of Yarrowia MCM5 (Encoded by YALI1_A01766g) with cytidine deaminase (CDA).

ROCK-Mediated Actin Remodeling Contributes to the Reduced Proliferation and Migration of bEnd.3 Endothelial Cells Treated With Florfenicol.

Florfenicol (FLO), a widely used antibiotic, can cause early embryonic death and impaired angiogenesis. However, the mechanism by which FLO inhibits angiogenesis and its role in FLO-induced embryonic toxicity are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FLO on the proliferation and migration of mouse bEnd.

Molecular Mechanism by Which the BrFIT2-BrbHLH-BrIRT1 Module Synergistically Regulates Iron Absorption in Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis.

Iron is essential for plant photosynthesis and human health, yet Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis exhibits significantly lower iron content compared to other leafy vegetables, and its iron uptake mechanisms are not well understood. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms governing iron uptake by investigating the roles of the iron-regulated gene BrFIT2 (Bra011972) and the iron transport protein gene BrIRT1 (Bra013419) through yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, genetic transformation and physiological-biochemical analyses, etc.

Transcription factor BrEFM negatively regulates flowering time in Chinese cabbage.

Flowering represents a critical developmental transition in plants. In Chinese cabbage, precise regulation of flowering time is especially vital for optimizing yield and quality. In Chinese cabbage, BrEFM and many genes annotated as flowering-related are specifically expressed in leaf veins.

Immune function of a novel lysozyme in Litopenaeus vannamei and its application as a feed supplement.

As a key component of humoral immunity within the innate immune system, lysozyme plays a crucial role in host defense against pathogenic infections. In this study, the cDNA sequence of an i-type lysozyme was obtained from Litopenaeus vannamei, and designated as LvLysi3. Following stimulation by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, transcripts of LvLysi3 in shrimp intestine, hepatopancreas and hemocytes was significantly up-regulated.

CRISPR meets AlphaFold: guiding SWEET10-enhanced oil production.

Enhancing seed oil content significantly benefits both human welfare and environmental sustainability. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) and artificial intelligence (AI) are transformative tools for crop trait improvement. A recent study by Wang and colleagues reported that AlphaFold-guided CRISPR genome editing of SWEET10 boosts oil contents, highlighting a breakthrough in precision crop engineering.

Recombinant TgDDX3X DEAD-box Protein Confers Partial Protection in Murine Models of Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, represents a global health concern for both humans and animals. This study evaluates the immunogenic potential and protective efficacy of a recombinant T. gondii DDX3X protein (rTgDDX3X; gene accession: TGGT1_226250) as a vaccine candidate.

Preparation, characterization, and application of camellianin A/soy protein isolate covalent complexes.

Alkaline-assisted processing facilitated the development of camellianin A (CA)-soy protein isolate (SPI) conjugates, with systematic characterization of polyphenol incorporation effects on macromolecular architecture and emulsion stabilization capacity. Multi-spectroscopic profiling confirmed CA-induced structural reorganization of SPI matrices, verifying conjugate formation. Dose-dependent enhancement patterns were observed, where increased CA loading positively correlated with total phenolic content, surface hydrophilicity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power.