Acetone Gas Sensors for Noninvasive Diabetes Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review.

The development of sensors for monitoring breath acetone, a key biomarker for ketosis in diabetes mellitus, represents a critical frontier in medical diagnostics, promising a painless alternative to invasive blood tests. This review provides a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the state-of-the-art in acetone gas sensing technologies, including chemiresistive, optical, electrochemical, conductometric, and microwave platforms. We focus specifically on recent breakthroughs driven by advanced materials, analyzing how novel nanostructures from two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MXenes to porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are engineered to push performance to clinically relevant parts-per-billion (ppb) sensitivity.

A Miniaturized FSS Using the Parallel LC Resonant with Angular Stability.

This paper proposes a highly symmetrical miniaturized, frequency-selective surface (FSS) based on LC parallel resonance to optimize high-frequency passband characteristics, enhancing transmission efficiency under large-angle conditions. Through meandered design optimization, the device size is further reduced. Utilizing cell bending techniques and LC resonators, a single-layer FSS unit with parallel LC resonance is designed, achieving reflection and transmission peaks at approximately 1.

High-power gas switches triggered by GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches with low self-triggering probability and μJ lasers.

As avalanche gallium arsenide photoconductive semiconductor switches (GaAs PCSS) operate under high-voltage and high-current environments, the switches suffer from serious self-triggering problems. This paper proposes a novel sidewall triggering method to mitigate the self-triggering effect of avalanche GaAs PCSS. Compared with the traditional planar triggering method, the self-triggering probability of GaAs PCSS triggered by the sidewall method is reduced from 5.

The mechanism by which FGF23/FGFR-1 activates NOX2-ROS in vascular endothelial cells in the context of severe heat stroke-induced acute lung injury.

Background: The high mortality rate of severe heat stroke is mainly related to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and respiratory failure caused by acute lung injury (ALI) is a significant factor in the development of MODS during the course of severe heat stroke. Previous research has demonstrated that severe heat stroke-induced acute lung injury (sHS-ALI) is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs), but the specific initiating factors and intermediate mechanisms involved are unclear.

Methods: In this study, the mRNA profiles of mouse lung tissues were analysed using high-throughput sequencing.

Complex-valued attention feature distillation network for high-fidelity phase-only hologram generation.

In this paper, we propose a complex-valued attention feature distillation network (CAFDN) that incorporates a novel lightweight module (CAFDN_Lite) within dual U-Net architectures for phase-only hologram (POH) generation. The proposed network architecture employs simplified upsampling and downsampling layers to enhance computational efficiency, while the CAFDN_Lite module implements hierarchical feature extraction through integrated local attention mechanisms, multi-scale analysis, and channel pruning. This synergistic design enables progressive feature refinement across successive network layers, achieving optimal balance between representational capacity and computational efficiency through systematic feature distillation.

[Cloning and functional analysis of involved in disease resistance].

The plant F-box protein more axillary growth 2 (MAX2) is a key factor in the signal transduction of strigolactones (SLs) and karrinkins (KARs). As the main component of the SKP1-CUL1-FBX (SCF) complex ubiquitin ligase E3, MAX2 is responsible for specifically recognizing the target proteins, suppressor of MAX2 1/SMAX1-like proteins (SMAX1/SMXLs), which would be degraded after ubiquitination. It can thereby regulate plant morphogenesis and stress responses.

Mac-1/ICAM-1-dependent trogocytosis contributes to ICAM-1 neutrophils-induced lung injury in traumatic brain injury.

The lung is the most vulnerable organ following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and lung injury is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients. Recent studies have highlighted the role of neutrophils with high ICAM-1 expression (ICAM-1) in lung injury. These cells exhibit enhanced migration capacity and pro-inflammatory functions, might play a major role in the development of acute pulmonary failure following brain injury.

Soybean Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase 8 Confers Salt Tolerance by Reducing Sodium Influx Through Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Signalling.

Evidence suggests that the metabolism of inositol and its derivatives may be involved in various biological processes including salt tolerance, but there has been limited understanding. Ectopic expression of Gs5PTase8, an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase cloned from wild soybean (Glycine soja), significantly enhanced salt tolerance in cultivated soybean (Glycine max). In this follow up study, the overexpression of Gs5PTase8 was shown to improve salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, soybean hairy roots and composite plants, by preventing sodium (Na) accumulation and maintaining lower sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratios in plants under salt stress.

Integrated lncRNA and mRNA analysis reveals the immune modulatory mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) possess vaccine adjuvant activity; however, their specific targets and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, which hinders their clinical application. This study aimed to elucidate the key targets and pathways through which the antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 modulates immune responses in macrophages, providing evidence for its potential clinical translation. In this investigation, Balb/c mice were administered BSN-37 for 12 h, after which total RNA was extracted from peritoneal macrophages to assess the mRNA expression levels of cytokines and key molecules on the cell surface, followed by transcriptomic sequencing.

Interfacial reactions and speciation identification during arsenic treated with nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) in water: A review.

This perspective briefly summarized the progress of inorganic arsenic (As) treated with nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) in water over the past two decades. The intrinsic interfacial reaction between As and nZVI encompassed multiple effects, such as complexation, oxidation, reduction, and co-precipitation, ascribed to core-shell structure of nZVI and environmental behavior of As in water. Surface complexation occurred via ligand exchange of arsenate anions with Fe-OH groups on the iron oxide shell.

The Association of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) on Coagulopathy and Prognosis in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations between inflammatory immune indicators, specifically systemic immune inflammation index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the coagulopathy and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in ICU.

Methods: One hundred sixty-one TBI patients were grouped into four groups. The outcomes included TBI-related coagulopathy and prognosis at six months after discharge.

A noval RUL prediction method for rolling bearing: TcLstmNet-CBAM.

Rolling bearings are pivotal components within rotating mechanical systems, and accurately predicting their remaining service life holds significant practical importance. This paper addresses issues prevalent in common deep learning methods for predicting remaining useful life (RUL), notably inadequate feature extraction and low prediction accuracy resulting from reliance solely on short-term or long-term dependent features.In this paper, we introduce a residual useful life prediction method for bearings, named TcLstmNet-CBAM.

Dynamic spatio-temporal pruning for efficient spiking neural networks.

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which draw from biological neuron models, have the potential to improve the computational efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their event-driven nature and sparse data flow. SNNs rely on dynamical sparsity, in that neurons are trained to activate sparsely to minimize data communication. This is critical when accounting for hardware given the bandwidth limitations between memory and processor.

Down-regulation of MYO1A inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and migration through SMURF2/Hedgehog signaling pathway and leads to fetal growth restriction.

Introduction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is most commonly related to insufficient placental perfusion caused by insufficient trophoblast proliferation and migration. Myosin Ia, encoded by the gene MYO1A, plays an important role in cytoskeleton recombination and cell movement. In this study, we found that downregulation of MYO1A inhibits Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by interacting with SMURF2 in choriocarcinoma cells, leading to FGR.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and Glasgow Coma Scale score as the predictors for weaning outcomes in traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To identify the prognostic value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CRP/ALB, CAR) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score in the weaning outcomes of mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Medical records of patients with TBI who were hospitalized at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 2018 and September 2023 were collected and analysed. The patients were divided into the weaning success group and the weaning failure group.

Phase-modulated Airy beam generation by a leaky-wave structure.

This work presents the generation of an Airy beam by a leaky-wave structure (LWS) designed from a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) with dimension-varying slots. The Airy beam is radiated by judiciously designing the length of the slots to modulate the phase distribution. Compared to Airy beams generated by phased array antennas or metasurfaces, no complex feeding network associated with phase shifters and no space-wave illumination is required, thus allowing one to reach a low-profile structure.

Design of an optically transparent and broadband absorber based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm.

In this Letter, an optically transparent and broadband absorber designed using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is proposed. The absorption of the multilayer lossy frequency selective surface-based absorber is calculated by multilayer absorption equations and equivalent circuit models. To solve the problem of the unbalanced structure absorption bandwidth and thickness, an algorithm is used for optimizing the geometric and sheet resistance parameters of the structure.

Structurally Diverse Phenylpropanamides from Cannabis Fructus and Their Potential Neuroprotective Effects.

This study aimed to investigate the chemical components and potential health benefits of the fruits of L. Fourteen new phenylpropanamides designated as cannabisin I-XIV (-) and 40 known analogs were isolated and characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and electronic circular dichroism. In vitro bioassay using HO-induced PC12 cell damage models demonstrated that hempseeds extract and compounds , , , , , , , and exhibited neuroprotective properties.

DRANetSplicer: A Splice Site Prediction Model Based on Deep Residual Attention Networks.

The precise identification of splice sites is essential for unraveling the structure and function of genes, constituting a pivotal step in the gene annotation process. In this study, we developed a novel deep learning model, DRANetSplicer, that integrates residual learning and attention mechanisms for enhanced accuracy in capturing the intricate features of splice sites. We constructed multiple datasets using the most recent versions of genomic data from three different organisms, , and .

CircTHBS1 promotes trophoblast cell migration and invasion and inhibits trophoblast apoptosis by regulating miR-136-3p/IGF2R axis.

The precise molecular mechanism behind fetal growth restriction (FGR) is still unclear, although there is a strong connection between placental dysfunction, inadequate trophoblast invasion, and its etiology and pathogenesis. As a new type of non-coding RNA, circRNA has been shown to play a crucial role in the development of FGR. This investigation identified the downregulation of hsa_circ_0034533 (circTHBS1) in FGR placentas through high-sequencing analysis and confirmed this finding in 25 clinical placenta samples using qRT-PCR.

A large deletion in TSC2 causes tuberous sclerosis complex by dysregulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Background/aim: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutation in TSC1 or TSC2. Most TSC patients present with cardiac rhabdomyoma or cortical tubers during fetal life, and the symptoms are not uniform as their age. The gene products of TSC1/2 are components of the TSC protein complex and are important role in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway.

miR-1293 suppresses osteosarcoma progression by modulating drug sensitivity in response to cisplatin treatment.

Chemotherapy is considered the primary treatment for osteosarcoma. however, its effectiveness is limited due to drug resistance and toxicity. Thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy is urgently needed.

Five-year outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement with a novel bovine pericardial bioprosthesis.

Objectives: The short-term performance of the Cingular bovine pericardial aortic valve was proven. This study evaluated its 5-year safety and haemodynamic outcomes.

Methods: It enrolled 148 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with the Cingular bovine pericardial aortic valve between March 2016 and October 2017 in 5 clinical centres in China.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Cation/Proton Antiporter Family in Soybean () and Functional Analysis of GmCHX20a on Salt Response.

Monovalent cation proton antiporters (CPAs) play crucial roles in ion and pH homeostasis, which is essential for plant development and environmental adaptation, including salt tolerance. Here, 68 CPA genes were identified in soybean, phylogenetically dividing into 11 Na/H exchangers (NHXs), 12 K efflux antiporters (KEAs), and 45 cation/H exchangers (CHXs). The genes are unevenly distributed across the 20 chromosomes and might expand largely due to segmental duplication in soybean.