Effectiveness of various exercise on neuropsychiatric symptoms among older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: To identify the comparative efficacy of exercise for reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Methods: Ten databases were systematically searched from their inception to April 29, 2025, with the latest update in July 13, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of exercise on NPS in older adults with MCI or dementia were included.

Crosstalk Between Microbiome and Ferroptosis in Diseases: From Mechanism to Therapy.

The human microbiome is a unique organ and maintains host immunomodulation and nutrient metabolism. Structural and functional microbiome alterations are commonly known as dysbiosis, which is strongly associated with disease progression. Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent cell death mode characterized by intracellular iron accumulation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO).

Electron-rich and electron-poor active centers induced by interface coupling to enhance the degradation of fluorinated antibiotic via peroxymonosulfate activation.

The water pollution issue triggered by antibiotic was a great challenge facing humanity, and it was necessary to develop an effective remediation technique. In this work, FeO/CoO composite with internal electric field was fabricated by a simple method. The presence of internal electric field reduced the interfacial resistance and facilitated the charge transfer, so stimulating the electron transport during reaction process.

Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety: a meta-analytic structural equation modeling study.

Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent issue that can hinder social interactions and overall well-being. This study examines how emotional intelligence (EI) mediates the relationship between self-compassion (SC) and SA using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) based on 64 effect sizes from 52 studies. Our findings indicated a partial mediation model wherein SC exhibited a negative correlation with SA.

SSRAAI: Learning Sequence and Structural Representations to Predict Antibody-Antigen Interactions.

The specific binding between antibodies (Ab) and antigens (Ag) is crucial for developing drugs and vaccines to treat major diseases. Therefore, accurate identification of antibody-antigen interactions (AAI) is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of antibody therapeutic mechanisms. While wet-lab methods accurately characterize AAI, they require significant human, financial, and time costs.

Joint, multifaceted genomic analysis enables diagnosis of diverse, ultra-rare monogenic presentations.

Genomics for rare disease diagnosis has advanced at a rapid pace due to our ability to perform in-depth analyses on individual patients with ultra-rare diseases. The increasing sizes of ultra-rare disease cohorts internationally newly enables cohort-wide analyses for new discoveries, but well-calibrated statistical genetics approaches for jointly analyzing these patients are still under development. The Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) brings multiple clinical, research and experimental centers under the same umbrella across the United States to facilitate and scale case-based diagnostic analyses.

An artificial intelligence model to predict mortality among hemodialysis patients: A retrospective validated cohort study.

Hemodialysis stands as the most prevalent renal replacement therapy globally. Accurately identifying mortality among hemodialysis patients is paramount importance, as it enables the formulation of tailored interventions and facilitates timely management. The objective of the study was to establish and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict mortality among hemodialysis patients.

Association Between Irisin Level and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Irisin is a newly discovered muscle factor, and more and more research has focused on the association between irisin and brain function. Our study aimed at investigating the correlation between irisin level and cognition.

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched for the correlation between irisin level and cognition in humans.

Competing Programs Shape Cortical Sensorimotor-Association Axis Development.

The neocortex is organized along a dominant sensorimotor-to-association (S-A) axis, anchored by modality-specific primary sensorimotor areas at one end and transmodal association areas that form distributed networks supporting abstract cognition at the other. The developmental mechanisms shaping this axis remain elusive. Here, we present converging multispecies evidence supporting the Multinodal Induction-Exclusion in Network Development (MIND) model, in which S-A patterning is governed by competing processes of induction and exclusion, driven by opposing transcriptomically-defined identity programs emerging from different nodes.

The Therapeutic Effects of Acorus Tatarinowii Volatile Oil and Electroacupuncture in Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment Patients: A Clinical Trial Protocol.

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication following stroke, with limited effective treatments. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of two non-pharmacological interventions-electroacupuncture therapy (EA) and herbal olfactory therapy (HOT)-in improving cognitive function in PSCI patients, both as standalone treatments and in combination.

Methods: This parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial will recruit 210 PSCI patients, randomly assigned to one of six groups: control, EA, HOT, combination therapy, sham therapy, or the healthy (ratio 1:1:1:1:1:1).

Hyperkalemia combined with carbon monoxide poisoning, should hemodialysis or hyperbaric oxygen treatment be given first?: A CARE-compliant article.

Rationale: Hyperkalemia and acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are both life-threatening conditions. When these conditions coexist, there is a debate on whether hemodialysis or hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy should be prioritized. Our discussion suggests that HBO therapy may help by lowering residual carbon dioxide levels and correcting electrolyte imbalances, consequently decreasing the risks linked to both CO poisoning and hyperkalemia.

Effects of antibiotic exposure on risks of colorectal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play an important role in the development of colorectal tumors. Antibiotic use can affect the gut microbiome and may increase the risks of benign and malignant colorectal tumors.

Methods: Eligible studies assessing the relationship between antibiotic exposure and the risk of developing benign or malignant colorectal tumors were identified.

Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling reveals regulatory mechanisms and evolution in pig brains.

Background: Pig brains serve as a valuable biomedical model for studying brain-related diseases due to their significant structural similarities to the human brain. Furthermore, the long-term domestication and artificial selection of domestic pigs have profoundly shaped their brains, making them an interesting subject for research. However, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing pig brain function and their impact on various phenotypes remains elusive due to the high degree of cellular heterogeneity present in the brain.

Percentage Amplitude of Fluctuation Alterations in Multiple Frequency Bands in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

This study aims to investigate functional abnormalities in transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs) using percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) across multiple frequency bands derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). We scanned 48 TIA patients and 41 HCs using rs-fMRI and high-resolution T1-weighted brain images. Both PerAF and modified PerAF (mPerAF) were utilized for comparative analysis across the typical frequency band (0.

Macrophage polarization in cancer and beyond: from inflammatory signaling pathways to potential therapeutic strategies.

Macrophages are innate immune cells distributed throughout the body that play vital roles in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and immune surveillance. Macrophages acquire a binary M1/M2 polarized phenotype through signaling cascades upon sensing different signaling molecules in the environment, thereby playing a core role in a series of immune tasks, rendering precise regulation essential. M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes regulate inflammatory responses, while controlled activation of inflammatory signaling pathways is involved in regulating macrophage polarization.

Annotation and assessment of functional variants in livestock through epigenomic data.

Understanding genetic variant functionality is essential for advancing animal genomics and precision breeding. However, the lack of comprehensive functional genomic annotations in animals limits the effectiveness of most variant function assessment methods. In this study, we gather 1030 raw epigenomic datasets from 10 animal species and systematically annotate 7 types of key regulatory regions, creating a comprehensive functional annotation map of animal genomic variants.

Down-regulation of MYO1A inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and migration through SMURF2/Hedgehog signaling pathway and leads to fetal growth restriction.

Introduction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is most commonly related to insufficient placental perfusion caused by insufficient trophoblast proliferation and migration. Myosin Ia, encoded by the gene MYO1A, plays an important role in cytoskeleton recombination and cell movement. In this study, we found that downregulation of MYO1A inhibits Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by interacting with SMURF2 in choriocarcinoma cells, leading to FGR.

Restoring vigilance in multi-task scenarios: a comparison of meditation, exposure to nature, music, and action video games.

This study aimed to investigate the cognitive mechanisms behind vigilance changes in multi-task scenarios. Moreover, we compared the effects of four types of rest activities, i.e.

Identification of blacklist regions in cattle and pig genomes.

Cattle and pigs are important farm animals and biomedical models for studying human development and diseases. Accurate annotation of their cis-regulatory elements is essential for advancing breeding strategies and biological research. Identifying these elements typically relies on ChIP-seq data, which profiles histone modifications and transcription factors.

Enhancing Prime Editing Efficiency Through Modulation of Methylation on the Newly Synthesized DNA Strand and Prolonged Expression.

Prime editors (PEs) have emerged as transformative tools for precision genome engineering, yet their broader application remains constrained by incomplete understanding of repair mechanisms. In this study, it is found that an increase in the methylation level of the CpG sequence on the newly generated strand can increase PE efficiency and that de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3A/3B) are involved in the PE repair pathway. On the basis of these novel findings, the development of an episomal element-driven PE system (epiPE) achieved through the use of EBNA1/oriP are presented, which increases methylation levels around target sites and prolongs PE expression.

Behavioral effects of academic pressure on the risk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a prevalent spinal deformity with significant health implications. While genetic and demographic factors are well-established, the influence of academic pressure and posture, especially in competitive educational environments, remains less understood. This case-control study analyzed data from a population-based AIS screening program, including 547 cases and 2735 matched controls.

Hippocampal gray matter volume alterations in patients with first-episode and recurrent major depressive disorder and their associations with gene profiles.

Background: Recent studies indicate that patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) and recurrent major depressive disorder (R-MDD) exhibit distinct atrophy patterns in the hippocampal subregions along the proximal-distal axis. However, it remains unclear whether such differences occur along the long axis and how they may relate to specific genes.

Methods: In the present study, we analyzed T1-weighted images from 421 patients (FEDN: n = 232; R-MDD: n = 189) and 544 normal controls (NC) as part of the REST-meta-MDD consortium.