A segmented model based internal model control scheme of electromagnetic micro-mirror systems.

In this paper, a segmented internal model control (SIMC) scheme based on the segmented combination model of the electromagnetic micro-mirror system (EMMS) is established. Notice that highly underdamped oscillation and rate-dependent hysteresis exist in the EMMS, so it is a complex nonlinear dynamic system. In order to control the deflection angle of the EMMS using the internal model control strategy, it is necessary to establish the inverse model of the EMMS.

General Anesthesia Combined With Quadratus Lumborum Block Reduces Emergence Delirium in Children After Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Emergency delirium (ED) is a common and serious postoperative complication, especially after pediatric surgery. Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a critical component of the multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesia regimens, which provide effective analgesia, reduce opioid consumption, and attenuate surgical stress response. Therefore, this trial was designed to validate the hypothesis that the adjunctive use of QLB reduces the incidence of ED after laparoscopic surgery in children.

Recursive hierarchical parametric identification of Wiener-Hammerstein systems based on initial value optimization.

In this paper, a novel recursive hierarchical parametric identification method based on initial value optimization is proposed for Wiener-Hammerstein systems subject to stochastic measurement noise. By transforming the traditional Wiener-Hammerstein system model into a generalized form, the system model parameters are uniquely expressed for estimation. To avoid cross-coupling between estimating block-oriented model parameters, a hierarchical identification algorithm is presented by dividing the parameter vector into two subvectors containing the coupled and uncoupled terms for estimation, respectively.

The impact of diurnal variations on emergence delirium following general anesthesia and surgery in children.

Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a widely recognized issue that prolongs mechanical ventilation and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) resuscitation time, consequently increasing hospital costs and mortality. Postoperative disturbance in circadian rhythms, commonly leading to sleep disorders, has been identified as a significant risk factor for ED. However, the influence of surgery timing (morning vs.

CLEC5A Promotes Neuronal Pyroptosis in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Models by Interacting with TREM1 and Elevating NLRC4 Expression.

Pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, has recently been found to play an important role in spinal cord injury (SCI). C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), and NLR-family CARD-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) have been reported to be associated with neuronal pyroptosis, but few studies have clarified their functions and regulatory mechanisms in SCI. In this study, CLEC5A, TREM1, and NLRC4 were highly expressed in lidocaine-induced SCI rat models, and their knockdown alleviated lidocaine-induced SCI.

Dexmedetomidine mitigates lidocaine-induced spinal cord injury by repressing ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis by increasing CISD2 expression in rat models.

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been confirmed to exert neuroprotective effects in various nerve injury models by regulating ferroptosis, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Although it has been established that CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) can regulate ferroptosis, whether DEX can regulate ferroptosis by CISD2 in SCI remains unclear. Lidocaine was used to induce PC12 cells and stimulate rats to establish SCI models in vitro and in vivo.

Structural modulation of aggregation-induced emission luminogens for NIR-II fluorescence imaging/photoacoustic imaging of tumors.

Concurrent near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging (FLI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) holds tremendous potential for effective disease diagnosis owing to their combined benefits and complementary features, in particular on the basis of a single molecule. However, the simultaneous guarantee of high-quality NIR-II FLI and PAI is recognized to be challenging impeded by the competitive photophysical processes at the molecular level. Herein, a simple organic fluorophore, namely T-NSD, is finely engineered with facile synthetic procedures through delicately modulating the rigidity and electron-withdrawing ability of the molecular acceptor.

miR-26 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells by targeting BNIP3.

This study was carried out to investigate the molecular mechanism of microRNA-26 (miR-26) targeting BNIP3 to mediate proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. The expression of miR-26 and BNIP3 in MM and normal tissues was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. According to the average expression of miR-26 and BNIP3, the patients were divided into 12 cases with high miR-26 expression group, 18 cases with low miR-26 expression group, 20 cases with BNIP3 high expression group, and 10 cases with BNIP3 low expression group.

Thiophene π-bridge-based second near-infrared luminogens with aggregation-induced emission for biomedical applications.

In the past 5 years, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with emission in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) optical window have aroused great interest in bioimaging and disease phototheranostics, benefiting from the merits of deep penetration depth, reduced light scatting, high spatial resolution, and minimal photodamage. To construct NIR-II AIEgens, thiophene derivatives are frequently adopted as π-bridge by virtue of their electron-rich feature and good modifiability. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of NIR-II AIEgens by employing thiophene derivatives as π-bridge mainly compassing unsubstituted thiophene, alkyl thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, and benzo[c]thiophene, with a discussion on their structure-property relationships and biomedical applications.

Recent advances of AIE-active materials for orthotopic tumor phototheranostics.

Cancer ranks as a leading threat to human life and health. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, phototheranostics shares the advantages of integrated diagnosis and therapy, outstanding therapeutic performance and good controllability. Amid diverse phototheranostic agents, small organic luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgen) tendency show predominant advantages in terms of superior photostability, large Stokes shifts, and boosted theranostic capacity as aggregates.

Dexmedetomidine ameliorates ischemia-induced nerve injury by up-regulating Sox11 expression.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is associated with several biological processes. Ischemic stroke has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Herein, we aimed to explore whether Dex ameliorates ischemia-induced injury and determine its mechanism.

Risk factors of intraoperative blood loss and transfusion for pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor removal: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Intraoperative blood loss is a major challenge in pediatric brain tumor removal. Several clinical and surgical factors may influence the occurrence of intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor removal.

Online Optimization Method for Nonlinear Model-Predictive Control in Angular Tracking for MEMS Micromirror.

In this brief, a precise angular tracking control strategy using nonlinear predictive optimization control (POC) approach is address. In order to deal with the model uncertainty and noise interference, a online Hammerstein-model-based POC is designed using online estimated parameters and model residual. Above all, a rate-dependent Duhem model is used to describe the nonlinear sub-model of the whole Hammerstein architecture for depicting multi-valued mapping nonlinear characteristic.

Type I Photosensitizers Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission: A Rising Star in Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), emerging as a minimally invasive therapeutic modality with precise controllability and high spatiotemporal accuracy, has earned significant advancements in the field of cancer and other non-cancerous diseases treatment. Thereinto, type I PDT represents an irreplaceable and meritorious part in contributing to these delightful achievements since its distinctive hypoxia tolerance can perfectly compensate for the high oxygen-dependent type II PDT, particularly in hypoxic tissues. Regarding the diverse type I photosensitizers (PSs) that light up type I PDT, aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active type I PSs are currently arousing great research interest owing to their distinguished AIE and aggregation-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (AIE-ROS) features.

Near-Infrared-Emissive AIE Bioconjugates: Recent Advances and Perspectives.

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence materials have exhibited formidable power in the field of biomedicine, benefiting from their merits of low autofluorescence background, reduced photon scattering, and deeper penetration depth. Fluorophores possessing planar conformation may confront the shortcomings of aggregation-caused quenching effects at the aggregate level. Fortunately, the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) thoroughly reverses this dilemma.

[Comparision of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation between Children with Thalassemia of Different Ages].

Objective: To investigate the difference of therapeutic effects on children with thalassemia at different age after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods: The clinical data of children with thalassemia treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into 2-5 years old group and 6-12 years old group.

Sevoflurane Induces Ferroptosis of Glioma Cells Through Activating the ATF4-CHAC1 Pathway.

Objective: To clarify the function and mechanisms of sevoflurane (Sev) on ferroptosis in glioma cells.

Methods: Different concentrations of Sev were used to treat glioma cells U87 and U251. Ferroptosis inducer Erastin was used to incubate glioma cells combined with Sev and ATF4 siRNA transfection treatment.

NIR-II Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Tumor Phototheranostics.

As an emerging and powerful material, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), which could simultaneously provide a precise diagnosis and efficient therapeutics, have exhibited significant superiorities in the field of phototheranostics. Of particular interest is phototheranostics based on AIEgens with the emission in the range of second near-infrared (NIR-II) range (1000-1700 nm), which has promoted the feasibility of their clinical applications by virtue of numerous preponderances benefiting from the extremely long wavelength. In this minireview, we summarize the latest advances in the field of phototheranostics based on NIR-II AIEgens during the past 3 years, including the strategies of constructing NIR-II AIEgens and their applications in different theranostic modalities (FLI-guided PTT, PAI-guided PTT, and multimodal imaging-guided PDT-PTT synergistic therapy); in addition, a brief conclusion of perspectives and challenges in the field of phototheranostics is given at the end.

Polymyositis in a child with thalassemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report.

Rationale: Polymyositis (PM) is a rare neuromuscular phenotype of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Although glucocorticoids have been shown to be effective in the treatment of PM, most people experience poor treatment response and poor prognosis.

Patient Concerns: A six-year-old boy with thalassemia received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and consequently developed sudden myasthenia of limbs 17 months after the transplant.

Model guided extremum seeking control of electromagnetic micromirrors.

In this paper, a simplified dynamic model is constructed to describe the main characteristic of electromagnetic micro-mirror. Then, based on the information provided by the derived simplified model, a model-guided extremum seeking control (MGESC) scheme with backtracking line search is developed, which can automatically estimate the best value of step-size at each search iteration to improve the performance of the control system for target tracking. Then, the convergence of the proposed MGES algorithm is proved.

A Standardized Extubation Schedule Reduces Respiratory Events After Extubation Following Mandibular Distraction in Infants.

Purpose: The rational time for intubation during early mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) in infants is unknown. To investigate the differences in clinical outcomes following MDO before and after a standardized extubation protocol implementation in infants.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed for infant patients under 1 year old undergoing MDO.