Unveiling Condensed Aromatic Amines as Noteworthy Genotoxic Components in PM Dissolved Organic Matter.

The potential of PM to cause lung cancer has been well established; however, evidence regarding which specific components are responsible remains limited. We investigated dissolved organic matter (DOM) in PM using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and cellular DNA damage assays to elucidate molecular composition and sources of carcinogenic components. Our analysis revealed hundreds of genotoxic compounds, with condensed aromatic amines predominating in number, abundance, and contribution to overall genotoxicity.

Precise measurement of motor neuron dysfunction in Drosophila ALS model via climbing assay and leg imaging.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and death. While there is a plethora of studies focusing on many aspects of ALS, the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, and effective treatments are scarce. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for studying ALS due to its genetic tractability and its evolutionarily conserved cellular and molecular processes which are also shared between the fly and human.

Enhanced degradation of phenol by VUV/SPC synergism: Promotion of •OH and •CO formation.

A novel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-activated sodium percarbonate (SPC) system (VUV/SPC) was developed for efficient degradation of micropollutants such as phenol. The VUV/SPC system achieved 98.4 % phenol removal within 3 min, with pseudo-first-order rate constants 4.

Perovskite Nanozyme-Mediated Sonocatalytic Therapy: A Mitochondrion-Targeted Strategy for Enhanced Cancer Therapy.

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through nanozyme-mediated sonocatalytic therapy has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the field of cancer. Nevertheless, it remains a significant challenge for nanozymes with a single catalytic active center to generate sufficient ROS via Fenton or Fenton-like reactions to effectively induce tumor cell death. In order to enhance the catalytic efficacy, we devised and synthesized a multiple active centre and mitochondrial-targeted perovskite nanozyme (NCFP), doped with cobalt (Co) element, and incorporated 4-carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) as a mitochondrial targeting marker for ultrasound (US)-assisted enzyme-like catalytic treatment of tumors.

Neural Quantum Embedding via Deterministic Quantum Computation with One Qubit.

Quantum computing is expected to provide an exponential speedup in machine learning. However, optimizing the data loading process, commonly referred to as "quantum data embedding," to maximize classification performance remains a critical challenge. In this Letter, we propose a neural quantum embedding (NQE) technique based on deterministic quantum computation with one qubit (DQC1).

Rapid moving by liquid-amplified electrostatic rolling.

Mobile robots that simultaneously have fast speeds, sufficient load-carrying capabilities, and multiple locomotive functions have always been challenging to develop. Here, we introduce a liquid-amplified electrostatic rolling (LAER) mechanism, which elegantly integrates actuation and adhesion into a streamline single-degree-of-freedom structure. Based on this, we developed a rigid tethered LAER roller (0.

Measuring Street Built Environments for Children's Use: A Systematic Review of Measurement Tools.

Street-level environments play a vital role in children's development by promoting their physical activity, cognitive growth, and overall development. This study systematically reviews the measurement tools available to assess street environments according to children's needs. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-COSMIN guidelines.

Tariff Conflicts and Entrenched Interests: The Deepening Deadlock of US Healthcare Reform.

The US healthcare system is characterized by a persistent deadlock, where high costs, low efficiency, and inequity resist fundamental reform. This stalemate is rooted in deep ideological divides, political polarization, a fragmented fiscal structure, and the power of entrenched interest groups. This article analyzes how recent trade protectionist policies, specifically tariffs on pharmaceuticals and their inputs, intersect with this domestic gridlock.

SLC7A11-AS1 contributes to prolonged activation of activin A/Smad signaling by suppressing PPM1A myristoylation in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Activin A/Smad signaling plays an important role in promoting cancer stemness and chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), however the precise regulation on the termination of this pathway has not been fully understood.

Methods: LncRNA SLC7A11-AS1 interacting proteins were identified through RNA pull-down followed by LC-MS/MS. The protein interaction was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation.

Isotope-dependent Tafel analysis probes proton transfer kinetics during electrocatalytic water splitting.

Proton transfer plays an important role in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions during electrocatalytic water splitting to produce green hydrogen. However, directly adapting the conventional proton/deuterium kinetic isotope effect to study proton transfer in heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes is challenging. Here we propose using the shift in the Tafel slope between protic and deuteric electrolytes, or the Tafel slope isotope effect, as an effective probe of proton transfer characteristics.

Suspension gravity offloading system with event-triggered ESO-based robust MPC.

For space missions such as extraterrestrial sample collection, robotic rover exploration, and astronaut landings, the complex terrain and diverse gravitational environments make ground-based micro-low-gravity experimental systems essential for testing and validating spacecraft performance as well as supporting astronaut training. The suspended gravity unloading (SGO) system is a key device commonly used to simulate micro-low-gravity environments. However, the SGO system faces challenges due to model uncertainty and external disturbances, which limit improvements in control accuracy.

Spherical Acoustic Resonator-Based Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic-Photothermal Dual Spectroscopy Sensing.

In this paper, a single-quartz-enhanced photoacoustic-photothermal dual spectroscopy sensor based on a spherical acoustic resonator (SAR) is reported for the first time. The dual spectroscopy of quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and quartz-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy (QEPTS), utilizing a single quartz tuning fork (QTF), eliminates the frequency mismatch issue that occurs when multiple QTFs are used. The dual spectroscopy model was constructed using the finite element method, which provides numerical simulation support for subsequent experiments.

Movement Mechanisms Harness Lévy Flight for Energy-Efficient Wastewater Treatment in Microalgae-Bacteria Systems.

Microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system is significant for sustainable and low-carbon wastewater treatment, with self-aggregation being key to its stable operation and effective pollutant removal. Cellular motility is the main driving force behind self-aggregation, crucial for symbiosis stability, but the characteristics and patterns involved still remain largely unexplored. Here, cellular movement dynamics into the microalgae-activated sludge model (ASM3) is incorporated, enabling synchronized simulation of metabolic activities and movement behaviors through physical and biochemical interactions in bioreactor systems.

Dynamic brain network reconfiguration following rTMS in males with cocaine use disorder.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is characterized by cortico-striatal circuit dysregulation and high relapse rates, with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) emerging as a potential neuromodulatory intervention. This study investigates rTMS-induced dynamic brain network reconfigurations in 30 CUD patients using longitudinal resting-state fMRI from the SUDMEX-TMS cohort. Applying Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA) to phase-locking states, we identified four metastable network configurations mapped to canonical resting-state networks.

Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in exploring structure and energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors, comprising electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors, are widely acknowledged as high-power energy storage devices. However, their local structures and fundamental mechanisms remain poorly understood, and suitable experimental techniques for investigation are also lacking. Recently, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing these fundamental issues with high local sensitivity and non-invasiveness.

Effect of attentional bias modification on pre-competition anxiety in athletes.

Background: Under high-pressure situations, such as crucial games, some athletes often underperform. This is the case even for exceptional athletes in critical moments of competition. Athletes often experience performance anxiety, which creates attentional errors and underperformance.

Emphasizing a-parameter Expansion in Lattice Distortions of Disordered Rock Salt LiVO: From Crystallographic Design to Feasible Large-Scale Chemical Lithiation.

Disordered rock-salt LiVO (DRX-LVO) anode exhibits distinctive 3D Li percolation transport networks, which offers the unique advantage for ultra-charging. However, the existing chemical lithiation preparation routes not only pose safety risks due to the use of highly reactive reagents but also inevitably result in products with poor crystallinity. Investigating the origin, impact, and strategies for crystallinity degradation is pivotal for advancing the industrialization of chemical lithiation.

Acetone Gas Sensors for Noninvasive Diabetes Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review.

The development of sensors for monitoring breath acetone, a key biomarker for ketosis in diabetes mellitus, represents a critical frontier in medical diagnostics, promising a painless alternative to invasive blood tests. This review provides a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the state-of-the-art in acetone gas sensing technologies, including chemiresistive, optical, electrochemical, conductometric, and microwave platforms. We focus specifically on recent breakthroughs driven by advanced materials, analyzing how novel nanostructures from two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MXenes to porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are engineered to push performance to clinically relevant parts-per-billion (ppb) sensitivity.

Transformation of chloroxylenol in real sewer sediments: Key adsorption sites and CYP450-catalyzed biodegradation.

The widespread discharge of emerging micropollutants (EMs) into sewer systems has raised serious environmental concerns throughout the world. However, the transformation mechanisms underlying the accumulation of EMs in sewer sediments remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the transformation fate and mechanisms of chloroxylenol (PCMX) in sewer sediments.

Self-regulating adaptability of biofilm microbiomes enhances manganese and ammonia removal in microbial electrochemical filters under dioxane exposure.

Understanding the stability and assemblage of biofilm microbiomes under oligotrophic conditions is critical for improving groundwater bioremediation. In this study, a novel microbial electrochemical filter (MEF) was developed to explore the impact of weak electrical stimulation on functional adaptability of biofilms under oligotrophic and 1,4-dioxane exposure conditions. Under 20 mg/L 1,4-dioxane stress, the MEF achieved 94.

Diatom-inspired hierarchical carbon catalysts advance sustainable water decontamination via electron transfer-driven peroxide activation.

Catalysts for heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water remediation face environmental sustainability challenges, due to the intensive production of catalysts and limited stability of catalysts while maintaining high efficiency. Herein, we design a biomimetic carbon catalyst (BCC) inspired by the diatom frustule valve structure, achieving high environmental sustainability while maintaining superior water decontamination performance by a non-radical direct electron transfer (DET) pathway through activating peracetic acid (PAA). Utilizing a hydrogen-bonding strategy, BCC features pillared layered hierarchical pores with an ultrahigh specific surface area of 2710.

Higher chlorine dosage does not consistently enhance antibiotic resistance mitigation in the Cl-UV process.

Health problems arising from antibiotic resistance are a global concern. The Cl-UV disinfection process has shown potential for controlling antibiotic resistance in water; however, the influence of disinfectant dosage on its effectiveness remains insufficiently understood. Can antibiotic resistance be controlled by simply increasing the disinfectant dosage? This study demonstrated that higher disinfectant levels improved antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) removal, with certain ARGs reaching 1.

Optically encoded microspheres in liquid-phase suspension array technology for immunoluminescence diagnostics: A review.

Liquid-phase suspension array technology (SAT), based on optically encoded microspheres, overcomes limitations of traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescence detection techniques via meeting high-throughput and multiplexing demands in biosensing and diagnosis. It demonstrates significant advantages in terms of accuracy, speed, sensitivity, and multiplex detection capabilities, and has become an emerging research hotspot in the field of luminescent immunodiagnostics. With rapid advancement of nanotechnology and multi-functional nanomaterials, liquid-phase suspension array chips have achieved remarkable progresses in multiplex analysis capacity, encoding capacity, encoding efficiency, detection sensitivity, decoding methods, and application fields.

Ferromagnetic Surface Segregation via Stress-Concentration Coupling Boosts the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in RuO.

RuO, the benchmark catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), has traditionally been considered Pauli paramagnetic; however, recent findings have demonstrated its antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties, hinting at the opportunity to enhance RuO's OER performance by manipulating its magnetic traits. In this study, we successfully induced weak ferromagnetism in commercial RuO, transitioning it from an AFM state using an electrochemical sodiation method. This process resulted in high activity, achieving an overpotential of 145 mV to reach 10 mA cm and extending the service hours by more than 13 times compared to pristine RuO in 0.