Midlife Vascular Risk Factors, Parkinson Disease, and Parkinson Disease-Dementia: The ARIC Study.

Background And Objectives: Vascular risk factors (VRFs) such as smoking, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are associated with dementia, but their importance in Parkinson disease (PD) and PD-dementia (PDD) is less well understood. Previous studies demonstrated that smoking may be protective of PD, but its role in PDD is unclear. The primary objective was to examine the association between midlife VRFs and the risk of developing PD and PDD in older adults.

Olfactory Network Functional Connectivity as a Marker for Parkinson's Disease Severity.

Olfactory impairment was assessed in akinetic-rigid (PD) and tremor-predominant (PD) subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD), classified based on motor symptoms. Seventeen PD, fifteen PD, and twenty-four cognitively normal (CN) participants completed the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Groups were well-matched for age and demographic variables, with cognitive performance statistically controlled.

Central nervous system infections in patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies: case series and review of the literature.

Background: Recently, increased reports reveal that anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibodies (AIGAs) are strongly associated with several severe disseminated infections. However, reports on AIGAs with central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare. Here, we described three AIGAs-positive adults who had persistent or recurrent disseminated infections caused by Talaromyces marneffei (TM), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), or other pathogens, accompanied with CNS infections.

Theoretical limits of passive daytime radiative cooling in extraterrestrial environments: implications for space exploration.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) enables sub-ambient cooling without external energy input, a feature that has attracted significant research attention. While most studies have focused on PDRC performance in terrestrial environments, extraterrestrial settings offer the potential for superior cooling due to the absence of convective heat transfer and atmospheric thermal radiation. To address this gap, we investigate the extreme optical properties and radiative cooling performance of PDRC materials in extraterrestrial settings, specifically paints and ceramics, known for their strong solar reflectance, high thermal emissivity, and ease of fabrication.

OH-optimized rational design of binary phytochemical hydrogels to combat multidrug-resistant fungal infections via CWI-MAPK pathway modulation.

The unique design of low molecular weight hydrogels (LMWH) without carriers has sparked great interest in biomedical applications, yet the construction of binary LMWH remains elusive due to the lack of a theoretical framework linking structure and assembly. Hence, we proposed an innovative theoretical framework, in which a subtle -OH change in parent structures triggers the interconversion of nanoparticles and nanofibers. This framework hinges on a pair of hydrophobic planar small molecules with only one -OH difference, self-assembling into binary LMWH at 1:1 ratio.

Rhodium-Catalyzed -Alkenyl 1,3-Migration.

Strategies for the selective cleavage of inert C-C bonds in tertiary alcohols have been developed. However, a gap remains in -alkenyl 1,3-migration through selective C(sp)-C(-alkenyl) bond cleavage. Herein, we report rhodium-catalyzed -alkenyl 1,3-migration, which efficiently yields ()-γ,δ-unsaturated ketones.

Targeting p-FGFR1 Enhances CD8+ T Cells Infiltration and Overcomes Immunotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the CXCL8-CXCR2 Axis.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a fatal malignant tumor. Several studies have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors can provide clinical benefits to patients with ESCC. However, the single-agent efficacy of these agents remains limited.

Disturbance of gut microbiota in diabetes related macroangiopathy: Evidence from the gut bacteriome and mycobiome.

Diabetes related macroangiopathy (DMA) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), impacting both morbidity and mortality. This study characterized the gut bacteriome and mycobiome in 179 adults, including 58 with DMA, 71 with T2D, and 50 healthy controls. The gut microbiome of DMA subjects exhibited reduced alpha diversity, and a distinct microbial composition compared with healthy control.

Adverse childhood experiences and hypertension: examining the roles of depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic dysregulations based on CHARLS data.

Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), depressive symptoms, and cardiometabolic dysregulations in the context of hypertension risk, while examining both psychological and physiological factors contributing to the development of hypertension.

Methods: Prospective data were sourced from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The data used in this study were collected from the baseline survey in 2011, with follow-up data obtained in 2013 and 2015, covering a 4-year period.

Single-cell transcriptome of mouse hippocampus identifies neural precursor-like cells, and reveals IL15Rα knock out-mediated neuron remodeling.

Background: IL15Rα is highly expressed in brain tissues, especially in hippocampus. IL15Rα knock-out induces the behavior, physiological and molecular changes in mice similar to the phenotype of psychiatric disorders.

Results: To study how IL15Rα knock-out affects cellular function of the hippocampus in adult mice, we produced 64,399 single-cell transcriptomes from WT and KO mice and identified precursor-like neuron (PLN), a type of neural cells exhibiting precursor-like attributes, as well as four variant glial cell types.

CT-based radiomics models for predicting spread through air space in lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: Numerous studies have developed and validated models to predict spread through air space (STAS) in lung cancer using preoperative computed tomography (CT), yielding inconsistent results. We aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of CT-based radiomics for predicting spread through air space (STAS) for preoperative prediction of lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Original studies published prior to January 2024 were searched in various databases.

EEG-Guided Adaptive Learning: A New Neuroeducational Approach to the Facilitation of Cognitive Control in ADHD Children.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs children's attention, impulse control and academic performance. Conventional interventions, such as pharmacotherapy and behavioural therapy, yield inconsistent results. This study explores a novel neuroeducational approach-EEG-guided adaptive learning-as a method to enhance cognitive control and academic outcomes in children with ADHD.

Impact of ABO blood group on NEC incidence and mortality in VLBW infants.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ABO blood group and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted on VLBW infants admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2014 to 2023. Bell's staging system was used to define NEC severity, and deaths were recorded.

Unveiling genetic links: GSDMB polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility in the Zhuang Nationality of Guangxi.

Objective: To examine the association between GSDMB polymorphisms and haplotypes with asthma susceptibility in the Zhuang Nationality population of Guangxi, China.

Methods: This study included 178 asthmatic subjects and 109 healthy individuals from the Zhuang population in Guangxi, China. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) targeted GSDMB SNPs rs2952156, rs806737, rs8069176, rs11078927, and rs7216389, followed by high-throughput sequencing and analysis of genotype and allele frequencies.

Impact of Allele-Specific Expression on Ripening and Quality Characteristics of ABB Banana Fruit.

Allele-specific expression (ASE) is a phenomenon in which the expression level of an allele from both parents is inconsistent, which is considered to play a key role in the differences between hybrids. As a typical climacteric fruit, banana undergoes a ripening process that affects the quality of the fruit. BaXi (, AAA group) and Fen Jiao (, ABB group) banana fruits show different traits during postharvest ripening, and their high-quality reference genomic sequences have been published.

Systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: immune pathways and the uncharted territory of gut microbiota and metabolism.

Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are significantly more susceptible to atherosclerosis, which may elevate their mortality risk. The review explores recent understandings of the origins and remedies for atherosclerosis associated with SLE. Our focus is particularly on the consequences of immune system disparities, interruptions in intestinal bacteria, and metabolic complications.

Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson's disease.

We previously demonstrated that kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation associates with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its symptoms. Here, we profiled 16 KP-related markers in a second, independent cohort; plasma: n = 202 (116 PD ("OFF"), 86 controls); CSF: n = 183 (108, 75). Consistent with previous findings, we detected significantly higher concentrations of neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine in plasma and lower concentrations of neuroprotective kynurenic acid along with higher neurotoxic quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid ratios in CSF of PD patients.

Overexpression of FMOD in Thyroid Carcinoma Triggers M1-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization by Targeting Rap1B.

Thyroid carcinoma, with limited efficacy of current treatment, influences the lives and health of many people. It is important to explore potential therapeutic targets for thyroid carcinoma. Fibromodulin (FMOD) has been indicated to be connected with the progression of different kinds of tumors, with unknown functions in thyroid carcinoma.

Exploring the role of gut microbiota modulation in the long-term therapeutic benefits of early MSC transplantation in MRL/lpr mice.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), influenced by gut microbiota dysbiosis, is characterized by autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation is an effective and safe treatment for refractory or severe SLE; however, the long-term efficacy and mechanisms of early hUC-MSC therapeutic benefits in SLE need further investigation.

Methods: Here, lupus-prone MRL/MpJ-Fas (MRL/lpr) mice were divided into three groups: the control (Ctrl) group received saline injections, while the MSC and MSC-fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) groups received early hUC-MSC transplants at weeks 6, 8, and 10.

Predicting lymphovascular invasion in stage IA lung adenocarcinoma: a CT-based classification and regression tree model.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a significant histopathological marker associated with poor prognosis in patients. However, there is a notable lack of reliable, non-invasive preoperative tools to predict LVI accurately.

Purpose: To develop and validate a computed tomography (CT)-based classification and regression tree (CART) model for the preoperative prediction of LVI in patients with clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Sinomenine-glycyrrhizic acid self-assembly enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of sinomenine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease that causes cartilage and bone damage in multiple joints, ultimately leading to disability. There is an urgent need to develop multidimensional strategies to treat RA. Sinomenine (SIN) has the distinctive pharmacological activity in treating RA, but its broader clinical application is limited by its exceedingly short half-life and adverse digestive tract effects.

Automated Imaging Differentiation for Parkinsonism.

Importance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paired with appropriate disease-specific machine learning holds promise for the clinical differentiation of Parkinson disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) parkinsonian variant, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). A prospective study is needed to test whether the approach meets primary end points to be considered in a diagnostic workup.

Objective: To assess the discriminative performance of Automated Imaging Differentiation for Parkinsonism (AIDP) using 3-T diffusion MRI and support vector machine (SVM) learning.

Characterization of the immune cell infiltration patterns in lung adenocarcinoma to facilitate immunotherapy.

Although Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient treatment in lung carcinoma, merely a subset of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients could be benefited from it. Increasing evidence revealed that tumor immune cell infiltrating (ICI) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly related to patient prognosis and characteristics of the tumor. Thus far, the immune cell infiltration patterns of LUAD remain unclear.

Serum IgE in the clinical features and disease outcomes of anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies syndrome.

Background: Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) syndrome is a recently recognized adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome. Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is increased in AIGAs syndrome, but the role of serum IgE levels in the clinical features and disease outcomes of AIGAs syndrome is not clear.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 163 patients diagnosed AIGAs syndrome with serum IgE examined at baseline from 2021 to 2024 and compared the clinical features between Group A (serum IgE level ≤ 212 IU/mL) and Group B (serum IgE level > 212 IU/mL).