Effects of Low-Protein Amino Acid-Balanced Diets and Polysaccharides on Production Performance, Antioxidants, Immunity, and Lipid Metabolism in Heat-Stressed Laying Hens.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of low-protein amino acid-balanced (LPAB) diets supplemented with polysaccharides (APSs) on the production performance, antioxidants, immunity, and biochemical index of laying hens in an elevated-temperature environment. Fifty-two-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens ( = 768) were randomly divided into four groups, with eight replicates of 24 hens each. The control group was kept at 24 °C with a basal diet (CON), while the treatment groups were exposed to 32 °C and given the following diets: basal (HB), LPAB (HL), and LPAB with 0.

Superior High-Temperature Energy Storage Performance in All-Organic Composite Dielectrics Achieved by Synergistic Regulation of Free Volume and Charge Distribution.

Developing polymer dielectrics with stable high-temperature energy storage performance remains a pivotal challenge for next-generation electrical systems. However, the exponentially increasing conduction loss at elevated temperatures results in a decline in both energy storage density and efficiency. Herein, a cross-scale synergistic regulation strategy that integrates mesoscale free volume and molecular-scale charge trap, effectively addressing the issue of free volume collapse and space charge accumulation under thermal-electric coupling stress is proposed.

Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice and Wild-Type Mice.

There is a growing body of research showing that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to enteric dysbacteriosis. Exercise can be effective in alleviating AD, but the effects that exercise has on the gut microbiota in AD patients needs to be further studied. Through this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in the diversity of gut microorganisms between AD model mice and wild-type mice and the effect that treadmill exercise has on the composition of the gut microbiota in both types of mice.

Celastrol derivatives ameliorate arthritis in AIA rats via modulating calcium signaling.

Background: Calcium (Ca) signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our previous study found that celastrol (CEL), a natural product derived from herbal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, suppressed arthritic symptoms in AIA rats via modulating Ca signaling pathway by inhibiting sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (SERCA). However, its high toxicity and narrow therapeutic window severely limit its clinical application.

Aerobic exercise rescues synaptic plasticity in early-stage Alzheimer's disease by suppressing miR-3473e to activate EphB2-dependent NMDA/AMPA receptor signaling.

Cognitive dysfunction in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves significant impairments in synaptic plasticity and dendritic spines integrity. Intriguingly, exercise interventions have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing cognitive function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly the upstream endogenous regulators (such as miRNAs) through which exercise mediates this synaptic improvement, remain unclear.

Advanced stability and energy storage capacity in hierarchically engineered BiNaTiO-based multilayer capacitors.

Multilayer ceramic capacitors are cornerstone components of modern electronic systems. Yet ensuring reliability under demanding operational conditions, such as elevated temperatures and prolonged cycling, while achieving holistic optimization of recoverable energy density and efficiency remains a significant challenge. Herein, we implement a polar glass state strategy that catalyzes a profound enhancement in energy storage performance by modulating dynamic and thermodynamic processes.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Regarding Food Allergen Labeling Among Allergic Population in Jiangxi Province, China.

Food allergy is an increasing global public health concern, posing significant challenges to individual well-being and food safety. Effective management of food allergies relies heavily on the avoidance of allergens, making food allergen labeling a critical tool for allergic consumers. This study investigates the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of food allergen labeling among allergic consumers in Jiangxi Province, China, with a particular focus on behavioral and motivational aspects influencing allergen avoidance.

Global overlooked multidimensional water scarcity.

Freshwater resources are fundamental to supporting humanity, and measures of water scarcity have been critical for identifying where water requirements and water availability are imbalanced. Existing water scarcity metrics typically account for blue water withdrawals (i.e.

Unified Synthesis of Cycloheptatriene-Fused Heterobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes by Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Higher-Order (8 + 3) Cycloaddition of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Troponoids.

Herein, we developed a unified strategy to synthesize three libraries of medicinally attractive cycloheptatriene-fused heterobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (X-BCHeps, X = N, O, S) through a Lewis acid-catalyzed higher-order (8 + 3) cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.

Fabrication of Printed Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Nonannealing Strategy Perovskite Film to Achieve PCE > 18.

In printable mesoporous perovskite solar cells (p-MPSCs), the perovskite films deposited from room-temperature solvents can effectively optimize the interface between the perovskite films and the electrodes. However, the low crystallization rate of perovskite thin films at room temperature often leads to the formation of nonphotoactive phases and an increase in the density of defect states. To accelerate the crystallization of perovskite films at room temperature, acetonitrile (ACN) is introduced as a cosolvent in the binary solvent system of 2-methoxyethanol/-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (2 ME/NMP).

20.27% Efficient Carbon-Based Hole-Conductor-Free Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Achieved by Halogen-free Room-Temperature Post-treatment.

Defects at grain boundaries and energy level mismatch at the perovskite film/carbon electrode interface in printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p-MPSCs) lead to non-radiative carrier recombination and large open-circuit voltage (V) losses. Herein, a method for post-treating perovskite films in p-MPSCs at room-temperature using halogen-free aromatic amines, including Benzylamine (BA), 1-Naphthalenemethylamine (NMA), and 1-Naphthalenecarboximidamide (NFA), is reported. The halogen-free aromatic amines prevent the formation of iodine vacancy defects in perovskite films by interacting with under-coordinated Pb, significantly reducing the trap state density of the perovskite films.

Deep Learning-Assisted Sensor Array Based on Host-Guest Chemistry for Accurate Fluorescent Visual Identification of Multiple Explosives.

Accurate and rapid discrimination of multiple explosives with high precision is of paramount importance for national security, ecological protection, and human health yet remains a significant challenge with conventional analytical techniques. Herein, we present an innovative deep learning-assisted artificial vision platform based on cyclodextrin-protected multicolor fluorescent gold nanoclusters (CD-AuNCs) with four distinct emission wavelengths, enabling the highly accurate discrimination of seven explosives. The sensor array leverages the host-guest interactions between the cyclodextrin ligands on the AuNCs' surface and the target explosives, generating unique fluorescence fingerprint patterns.

Alisertib impairs the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting purine synthesis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-repopulating cells (HCC-TRCs) drive disease progression, yet their purine metabolism mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study revealed that the stemness index, strongly linked to poor HCC prognosis, exhibited a robust positive correlation with purine metabolism through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Integrated drug screening across CTRP, GDSC, and PRISM databases identified alisertib, an aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibitor, as a potent agent targeting stemness.

Overexpression of FMOD in Thyroid Carcinoma Triggers M1-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization by Targeting Rap1B.

Thyroid carcinoma, with limited efficacy of current treatment, influences the lives and health of many people. It is important to explore potential therapeutic targets for thyroid carcinoma. Fibromodulin (FMOD) has been indicated to be connected with the progression of different kinds of tumors, with unknown functions in thyroid carcinoma.

Optimizing energy levels in perovskite solar cells with dual-hole and dual-electron transport layers.

To address the interface carrier recombination and band mismatch associated with the single transport layer design in conventional perovskite solar cells, a dual-electron transport layer (ETL: ZnO/CDS) and a dual-hole transport layer (HTL: Se-Te: CuO/NiO) were proposed. Numerical simulations based on Poisson and carrier continuity equations were employed to systematically investigate the conduction band offset (CBO), valence band offset (VBO), and carrier dynamics. The achievement of optimized energy band alignment and charge transport pathways led to remarkable performance enhancements: the fill factor (FF) increased to 84.

Near-Zero Energy Dissipation Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors via Inhomogeneous Polarization Design.

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) demonstrate considerable potential for advance pulsed power systems, owing to their high-power density and fast charge/discharge capabilities. In light of the increasing demand for energy conservation, minimizing energy dissipation in storage capacitors while maintaining high recoverable energy densities is essential for their practical application. In this study, building upon the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between BiNaTiO (BNT) and NaNbO, heterogeneous cations (Ba, Zn, and Nb) are further doped using an inhomogeneous polarization design to enhance the random field.

Ultra-high energy storage in lead-free NaNbO-based relaxor ceramics with directional slush-like polar structures design.

Multilayer ceramic capacitors with ultra-high-power densities are widely used in electronic power systems. However, achieving a balance between high energy density and efficiency remains a substantial challenge that limits the practical application of advanced technologies. Here, guided by a phase-field simulation method, we propose a directional slush-like polar structure design with nanodomains embedded in polar orthorhombic matrix in NaNbO-based lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors.

Treadmill Exercise Modulates the Leptin/LepR/GSK-3β Signalling Pathway to Improve Leptin Sensitivity and Alleviate Neuroinflammation in High-Fat Diet-Fed APP/PS1 Mice.

Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is closely associated with obesity. In AD, the fat cell-secreted protein leptin crosses the blood-brain barrier and protects against nerve damage. However, obesity may induce leptin resistance, reduce leptin sensitivity, stimulate excessive glial cell activation, promote inflammatory factor production and exacerbate brain inflammation.

Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by plant essential oils.

Essential oils (EOs), derived from medicinal plants, has been reported to possess various bioactivities to treat inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the effect and the mechanism of EOs essential oils as naturally anti-inflammatory agents. The present study indicated thirty-one EOs had different inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production.

Water Collection and Transport on Bioinspired Surface Integrating Beetles, Spider Webs, and Cactus Spines.

Freshwater scarcity is a pressing global issue, and water collection from fog offers a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution. Inspired by the water collection mechanisms of desert beetles, spider webs, and cactus spines, we designed interconnecting superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic-region patterns for efficient water collection, which was achieved by low-energy fluorine-containing coating on Aluminum (Al) substrate followed by laser marker ablation to form superhydrophilic pattern out of the overall superhydrophobic surface. The pattern featured superhydrophilic interconnecting spider webs combined with triangular cactus spines on superhydrophobic surfaces with a water contact angle of 159.

Quantitative food allergen risk assessment: Evolving concepts, modern approaches, and industry implications.

Food safety is crucially linked to the food system, ensuring safe production, handling, and distribution to protect public health. Food allergy has been considered as a public health and food safety issue. Despite being widely regarded as a prevailing strategy for managing food allergies, strict food avoidance faces challenges due to allergen cross-contact in the food supply chain and the potential for inaccurate allergen labeling.

Improvements in Exercise for Alzheimer's Disease: Highlighting FGF21-Induced Cerebrovascular Protection.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Currently, it has shown a trend of earlier onset, with most patients experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive function following the disease's onset, which places a heavy burden on society and family. Since no drug cure for AD exists, exploring new ways for its treatment and prevention has become critical.

Constructing n/n Type Perovskite Homojunctions to Achieve High-Efficiency and Stable Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells.

In recent years, carbon-based printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p-MPSCs) without hole transport layers have garnered considerable interest because of their outstanding benefits in terms of stability and cost. However, the use of carbon electrodes instead of hole transport materials and noble metal electrodes leads to energy level mismatch, which limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of p-MPSCs. In this work, a molecular doping strategy is proposed employing cyclopentylmethanamine to passivate surface and subsurface crystal defects in perovskite layers while inducing an energy shift toward the p-type in the perovskite region within carbon electrodes.

Association of P2X7 polymorphisms on Type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility and diabetic complications.

Objectives: This case-control study aims to clarify the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the P2X7 gene on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate their association with diabetic complications.

Methods: This study is comprised with 200 T2DM cases and 200 healthy controls. Seven candidate SNP loci were screened, and TaqMan-MGB real-time PCR technology was used to determine the polymorphic variants of P2X7.

Developing a dual-antibody Sandwich ELISA and LFIA for detecting the cashew allergen Ana o 3 in foods.

Cashews are popular snacks but pose risks to allergic individuals due to Ana o 3 protein. Rapid, accurate detection methods for Ana o 3 are limited. This study developed two detection methods for Ana o 3 allergen.