Effects of Low-Protein Amino Acid-Balanced Diets and Polysaccharides on Production Performance, Antioxidants, Immunity, and Lipid Metabolism in Heat-Stressed Laying Hens.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of low-protein amino acid-balanced (LPAB) diets supplemented with polysaccharides (APSs) on the production performance, antioxidants, immunity, and biochemical index of laying hens in an elevated-temperature environment. Fifty-two-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens ( = 768) were randomly divided into four groups, with eight replicates of 24 hens each. The control group was kept at 24 °C with a basal diet (CON), while the treatment groups were exposed to 32 °C and given the following diets: basal (HB), LPAB (HL), and LPAB with 0.

Transcriptome analysis of lncRNAs in granulosa cells in follicles of White King pigeons exposed to white and red light during the laying intervals.

Though widely valued, such as commercial poultry, for its meat and egg contributions to the human diet, the White King pigeon demonstrates relatively low egg production performance. Compared to white light (WL), red light (RL) exposure has improved egg-laying performance in pigeons. To uncover the molecular mechanisms behind this effect, RNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in granulosa cells (GCs) from F1 and F2 follicles of White King pigeons exposed to RL and WL on the third day of the laying interval (LI3).

Urinary elementomic analysis indicates aluminum as a potential urinary biomarker of sarcopenia in the older adults.

Sarcopenia is characterized by aging-related progressive loss of muscle mass and function; however, the specific and sensitive biomarkers are still limited. Biometals and trace elements provide a potential connection linking the environment and lifestyle to pathological processes of sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between urinary trace elements levels and the presence of sarcopenia.

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Anthocyanin Profiles in Napier Grass ( Schumach.) Cultivars.

Plant secondary metabolites regulate plant growth and serve as valuable pharmaceutical resources. Napier grass ( Schumach.), a Poaceae species, shows potential as a functional food.

GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus regulate social hierarchy in mice.

Social hierarchy serves as a fundamental organizational mechanism within most animal societies, however, the neural mechanisms governing dominance hierarchies remain inadequately understood. Considering that GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) exert substantial inhibitory control over brain activity, we hypothesized that these neurons play a pivotal role in regulating social hierarchy. To test this, we employed a combination of optogenetics, chemogenetics, fiber photometry, and behavioral assays in mice to elucidate the functional contributions of these neurons.

Effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratio combination diets in the early and late stages on growth performance and dynamic changes of glycolipid metabolism of growing geese.

This study evaluated the effects of varying dietary amylose/amylopectin ratios (AR) during starter (1-28 d) and grower (29-63 d) phases on growth performance, nutrient metabolism, and related molecular mechanisms in Jiangnan White geese. A total of 330 one-day-old male goslings were allocated to six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial design: two starter AR diets (0.34 or 0.

Starch Digestion Characteristics of Different Starch Sources and Their Effects on Goslings' Apparent Nutrient Utilization.

This study used integrated in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate how the starch source (glutinous rice, indica rice, maize, or high-amylose rice) influences starch digestion kinetics and, consequently, the apparent nutrient utilization and amino acid metabolism in goslings. Four diets were formulated using glutinous rice, indica rice, maize, and high-amylose rice, and in vitro digestion and animal experiments were carried out. The data showed the particle sizes of the four starches: glutinous rice ≈ indica rice < corn < amylose.

A Proteomic Study of Different Types of Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: This study investigates distinct protein markers associated with different morphologic features of diabetic macular edema, focusing on diffuse retinal thickening, cystoid macular edema, and cystoid macular degeneration.

Methods: A total of 48 eyes of 33 patients with diabetic macular edema were included in the study and categorized into the aforementioned groups. Preoperative aqueous humor samples were collected from nine diabetic macular edema patients and subjected to tandem mass spectrometry labeling using tandem mass tags quantitative proteomics analysis to compare protein profiles in the aqueous humor among the different morphologic features of diabetic macular edema.

Molecular choreography of sludge extracellular polymeric substances-From biomolecule identification to energetics and assembly dynamics.

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) shape the immediate environment for microbial survival and biofilm formation. Dynamic agglomeration of EPS dominates the formation kinetics and structural properties of activated sludge flocs as a consequence of biopolymer interactions across the wastewater treatment process. Current partial understanding and imprecise modeling of the structure hinder the comprehensive elucidation of the dynamic reorganization of clusters as component interactions change, causing a gap in the fundamental knowledge of EPS generation and functions.

Effects of dietary protein sources and levels on uric acid metabolism, renal function, and inflammatory responses in goslings.

Dietary protein plays a crucial role in poultry nutrition, influencing nitrogen metabolism, renal function, and immune responses. This study investigated the effects of dietary protein source (plant-based vs. animal-based) and level (14.

Multi-omics analysis to a sludge composting system reveals thermophilic bacteria promote free amino acid production and compost quality.

Recycling waste nutrients from waste activated sludge (WAS) back to agricultural land through composting embodies the core principle of circular economy. However, large quantities of nitrogen are lost as nitrogenous gases during composting, reducing the fertilization performance of the final products. Here, the N cycle and amino acid (AA) biotransformation profiles in an industrial-scale sludge composting plant (130t/d) were investigated using replicated and temporally sampled multi-omics datasets.

Dietary Calcium and Protein Levels Influence Growth Performance, Intestinal Development, and Nutrient Utilization in Goslings.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities in goslings during the brooding period. A total of 972 one-day-old Jiangnan White goslings were assigned to a 3 × 3 factorial design with three levels of Ca (0.32%, 0.

A dynamic study on serum biomarkers and kidney injury in a gosling model of hyperuricemia.

Hyperuricemia, a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels, poses significant challenges to poultry health and productivity. This study aimed to establish a hyperuricemia model in goslings through a multi-factorial induction approach using a high-purine, high-protein, and high-calcium diet, to investigate its dynamic progression, serological markers, and renal pathology. A total of 160 male Sanhua goslings were randomly assigned to control and model groups and fed either a basal diet or a high-purine, high-protein, and high-calcium diet for 18 days.

Effects of dietary supplementation levels of vitamin A and vitamin D on growth performance, jejunal function, and tibia development in goslings from 1 to 28 days of age.

This study explored the interaction effects of dietary Vitamin A (V) and Vitamin D (V) on growth performance, jejunal function, and tibia development in goslings, aiming to identify any synergistic outcomes that may reshape nutritional strategies for geese production. A total of 540 one-day-old male Jiangnan White goslings with similar body weight (82 ± 5 g) were randomly assigned into 9 treatments with five replicate pens per treatment and 12 birds per pen. The bird trial employed a 3 × 3, two-factorial treatment with three levels of V (5000, 7000, and 9000 IU/kg) and three levels of V (1000, 1500, and 2000 IU/kg) from one to 28 days of age.

Role of Vanin-1 Gene Methylation in Fat Synthesis in Goose Liver: Effects of Betaine and 5-Azacytidine Treatments.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of vanin-1 (VNN1) and its DNA methylation on the reduction in liver fat synthesis due to the role of betaine and 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA) in geese. Twenty-eight 35-day-old male Jiangnan white geese with similar body weight (BW) and good health conditions were randomized into four groups (seven birds per group). All the birds were housed with the same type of basal diet.

Effects of different protein levels and starch-to-fat ratios in diets on growth performance, slaughter performance, and nutrient digestibility of geese.

The study was performed to explore the impacts of varying protein levels and starch-to-fat ratios (SFR) in diets on the growth performance, slaughter performance, and nutrient digestibility of geese. Three hundred sixty healthy 28-day-old geese with similar weight were selected and divided into 6 groups, with 6 replicates of 10 geese in each group. A 2 × 3 two-factor complete randomized design was applied, and the geese were fed diets with the same apparent metabolizable energy, two protein levels, and three starch-to-fat ratios.

Betaine enhances hepatic antioxidant activity and thymus-associated immunity in lipopolysaccharide-challenged goslings.

Background: Betaine is an effective antioxidant and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an inflammatory stimulus that can disrupt the antioxidant system. However, the precise mechanisms of betaine's antioxidant activity remain undetermined. This study aimed to examine the impact of betaine on growth, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-challenged goslings.

Comparative analysis of enteroscopy, computed tomography enterography, and intestinal ultrasound for the evaluation of small bowel Crohn's disease.

Background: The comparable evaluation of computed tomography enterography (CTE), enteroscopy, and intestinal ultrasound in small bowel Crohn's disease (CD) is imprecise.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the findings of enteroscopy, CTE, and intestinal ultrasound to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each method for the evaluation of small bowel CD.

Design: It was a single-center, observational, retrospective study.

Comprehensive analysis of histophysiology, transcriptomics and metabolomics in goslings exposed to gossypol acetate: unraveling hepatotoxic mechanisms.

Cottonseed meal is a promising alternative to soybean meal in poultry feed, but concerns over free gossypol limit its use. Although the general toxicity of free gossypol is well-known, its specific effects on the liver-the primary site where it accumulates-are less thoroughly studied, particularly at the molecular level. This study investigated the hepatotoxic effects of gossypol acetate (GA) on goslings through a comprehensive analysis combining morphology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics.

Injured Myocardium-Targeted Theranostic Nanoplatform for Multi-Dimensional Immune-Inflammation Regulation in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Pyroptosis is a key mode of programmed cell death during the early stages following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), driving immune-inflammatory responses. Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the primary mediators of cardiac immunity, and they serve a dual role through their shaping of both myocardial injury and post-AMI myocardial repair. To appropriately regulate AMI-associated inflammation, HM4oRL is herein designed, an innovative bifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform capable of inhibiting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis while reprogramming inflammatory signaling.

Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Small Molecular Metabolites in Refrigerated Goose Breast Meat.

Poultry represents a rich source of multiple nutrients. Refrigeration is commonly employed for poultry preservation, although extended storage duration can adversely affect the meat quality. Current research on this topic has focused on the analysis of biochemical indices in chilled goose meat, with limited information on changes in metabolites that influence the quality of the meat during storage.

Reducing the dietary starch:protein ratios in low-protein diets enhanced the growth performance of goslings from 1 to 28 days of age.

The current study aimed to explore the suitable starch: protein ratios under different dietary protein levels for goslings. A total of 360 male 1-day-old Jiangnan White goslings were randomly divided into 6 groups with six replicates containing ten goslings each. The experimental design consisted of a 3 × 2 factorial array of treatments.

Aggravates Intestinal Barrier Impairment and Colitis Through IL-8 Induced Neutrophil Chemotaxis by Activating Epithelial Cells.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is affected by interactions between intestinal microbial factors, abnormal inflammation, and an impaired intestinal mucosal barrier. Neutrophils (NE) are key players in IBD. () is reported to contribute to IBD progression.

Transcriptomic analysis of ileal adaptations and growth responses in growing hens supplemented with alanyl-glutamine dipeptide.

The growing phase of laying hens is crucial for growth and development due to its direct impact on their productivity during laying phase. During initial growth phase, intestinal tract undergoes rapid development which requires plenty of nutrients to help laying hens grow and mature. This study investigated the effect of Alanyl-Glutamine (Aln-Gln) levels on growth performance, ileal morphology and transcriptomic analysis of growing Hy-line brown hens.