SLRanger: an integrated approach for spliced leader detection and operon prediction using long RNA reads.

Spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing occurs in a wide range of eukaryotes and plays a critical role in processing mRNAs derived from operon structures. However, current research on this mechanism remains limited, partly due to the difficulty in accurately identifying genuine SL trans-splicing events. The advent of long-read RNA sequencing technologies, such as direct RNA sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, offers a more promising avenue for detecting these events with greater resolution.

Medical Image Privacy in Federated Learning: Segmentation-Reorganization and Sparsified Gradient Matching Attacks.

In modern medicine, the widespread use of medical imaging has greatly improved diagnostic and treatment efficiency. However, these images contain sensitive personal information, and any leakage could seriously compromise patient privacy, leading to ethical and legal issues. Federated learning (FL), an emerging privacy-preserving technique, transmits gradients rather than raw data for model training.

Analysis of antiviral functions, differences and apoptotic effects of two novel MHC-Iα genotypes in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of tightly linked, highly polymorphic genes that play a critical role in vertebrate immune responses. MHC is closely associated with various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, antigen invasion, and inflammation. Notably, MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules exhibit extensive polymorphism and have the ability to specifically bind to a diverse array of viral antigens, which is crucial for antigen presentation and antiviral immunity.

Driving Risk Assessment for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Entropy-Informed Graph Neural Networks and Gaussian Distributions.

This study proposes a novel framework based on an entropy-informed graph neural network (EIGNN) integrated with Gaussian distribution (GD) to assess the driving risk of intelligent vehicles in typical traffic scenarios. Existing research often overlooks comprehensive spatiotemporal modeling of vehicle interaction characteristics and the quantification of uncertainty in dynamic risk assessments. In this work, vehicle speed and acceleration are probabilistically modeled using GD, while entropy theory is introduced to quantify risk uncertainty.

Radiotherapy-induced alterations in tumor microenvironment: metabolism and immunity.

Tumor metabolism plays a pivotal role in shaping immune responses within the tumor microenvironment influencing tumor progression, immune evasion, and the efficacy of cancer therapies. Radiotherapy has been shown to impact both tumor metabolism and immune modulation, often inducing immune activation through damage-associated molecular patterns and the STING pathway. In this study, we analyse the particular characteristics of the tumour metabolic microenvironment and its effect on the immune microenvironment.

Effects of different protein levels and starch-to-fat ratios in diets on growth performance, slaughter performance, and nutrient digestibility of geese.

The study was performed to explore the impacts of varying protein levels and starch-to-fat ratios (SFR) in diets on the growth performance, slaughter performance, and nutrient digestibility of geese. Three hundred sixty healthy 28-day-old geese with similar weight were selected and divided into 6 groups, with 6 replicates of 10 geese in each group. A 2 × 3 two-factor complete randomized design was applied, and the geese were fed diets with the same apparent metabolizable energy, two protein levels, and three starch-to-fat ratios.

Replay Without Saving: Prototype Derivation and Distribution Rebalance for Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation.

The research of class-incremental semantic segmentation (CISS) seeks to enhance semantic segmentation methods by enabling the progressive learning of new classes while preserving knowledge of previously learned ones. A significant yet often neglected challenge in this domain is class imbalance. In CISS, each task focuses on different foreground classes, with the training set for each task exclusively comprising images that contain these currently focused classes.

Study on gene expression in the liver at various developmental stages of human embryos.

Background: The normal development of the liver during human embryonic stages is critical for the functionality of the adult liver. Despite this, the essential genes, biological processes, and signal pathways that drive liver development in human embryos remain poorly understood.

Methods: In this study, liver samples were collected from human embryos at progressive developmental stages, ranging from 2-month-old to 7-month-old.

The role of largemouth bass NF-κB/p65: Inhibition of LMBV and activator of IL-18 promoter.

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65, a vital signaling molecule in the NF-κB pathway, participates in diverse physiological functions and host-virus interactions. However, the involvement of NF-κB/p65 in fish virus infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of the p65 in virus infection and its impact on IL-18 regulation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Co-infection of nervous necrosis virus and Vibrio harveyi increased mortality and worsened the disease severity in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Co-infections of different pathogenic microorganisms usually cause complex effects, and receive more attention. Red-grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Vibrio are the common viral and bacterial pathogens of fish, and are often detected simultaneously in diseased fish. However, the understanding of co-infection of RGNNV and Vibrio is still unclear.

3D Neurovascular Unit Tissue Model to Assess Responses to Traumatic Brain Injury.

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a critical interface in the central nervous system that links vascular interactions with glial and neural tissue. Disruption of the NVU has been linked to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its significance the NVU remains challenging to study in a physiologically relevant manner.

Effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty on the treatment of osteoporotic spinal fractures in elderly patients and risk factors for postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of PVP (PVP) in treating osteoporotic spinal fractures in the elderly and analyze the risk factors for postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities.

Methods: A total of 100 elderly patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures, treated between August 2019 and July 2021, were divided into two groups: PVP (research group, n=50) and conservative treatment (control group, n=50). Outcome measures, including injured vertebrae, pain levels, and treatment outcomes, were retrospectively analyzed.

Molten Salt-Assisted Synthesis of Ferric Oxide/M-N-C Nanosheet Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Efficient, stable, and low-cost oxygen reduction catalysts are the key to the large-scale application of metal-air batteries. Herein, high-dispersive FeO nanoparticles (NPs) with abundant oxygen vacancies uniformly are anchored on lignin-derived metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) hierarchical porous nanosheets as efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts (FeO/M-N-C, M═Cu, Mn, W, Mo) based on a general and economical KCl molten salt-assisted method. The combination of Fe with the highly electronegative O induces charge redistribution through the Fe-O-M structure, thereby reducing the adsorption energy of oxygen-containing substances.

Tumour cell-released autophagosomes promote lung metastasis by upregulating PD-L1 expression in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in breast cancer.

Purpose: Establishing an immunosuppressive premetastatic niche (PMN) in distant organs is crucial for breast cancer metastasis. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) act as barriers to transendothelial cell migration. However, the immune functions of PMNs remain unclear.

Clinical Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Surgery on Spinal Trauma.

Aim: Minimally invasive spinal trauma surgery includes percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and miniature open anterolateral retractor-based approaches, which can improve surgical outcomes by reducing blood loss, operative time, and postoperative pain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of minimally invasive surgery on pain scores, functional recovery, and postoperative complications in patients with spinal trauma.

Methods: This retrospective study included 100 spinal trauma patients treated in Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between May 2019 and May 2022.

Spatial and temporal characteristics of warm season convective storms over the southeastern coast of China.

Utilizing observational data from the Xiamen radar station during the warm season of 2015-2018 (May to September), this study employs a convective storm identification algorithm to statistically analyze the spatiotemporal distribution, diurnal propagation, and seasonal variability of convective storms over the southeastern coast of China. Key findings include: (1) Significant monthly variations in convective storm frequency, with peaks in August over land areas of Zhangzhou and Xiamen's northwest, and offshore southeast of Xiamen. Seasonal circulation patterns, particularly the subtropical high and northern high-level troughs, drive these variations.

Highly efficient recovery of Zn (II) from zinc-containing wastewater by tourmaline tailings geopolymers to in-situ construct nanoscale ZnS for the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride.

While treating zinc-containing wastewater, recovering zinc for reuse as a secondary resource has significant environmental and economic benefits. Herein, based on the alkali-activated tourmaline tailings geopolymers (TTG) after adsorption of zinc ions (Zn (II)), a series of new composites with in-situ construction ZnS nanoparticles on TTG (ZnS/TTG) were synthesized, and used as photocatalysts for the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in solution. Specifically, ZnS nanoparticles were uniformly and stably distributed in the layered structure of TTG, interweaving with each other to generate an interfacial electric field, which could induce more photocarrier generation.

Dual-targeting tigecycline nanoparticles for treating intracranial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a formidable pathogen responsible for severe intracranial infections post-craniotomy, exhibiting a mortality rate as high as 71%. Tigecycline (TGC), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for MDR A.

KepSalinst: Using Peripheral Points to Delineate Salient Instances.

Salient instance segmentation (SIS) is an emerging field that evolves from salient object detection (SOD), aiming at identifying individual salient instances using segmentation maps. Inspired by the success of dynamic convolutions in segmentation tasks, this article introduces a keypoints-based SIS network (KepSalinst). It employs multiple keypoints, that is, the center and several peripheral points of an instance, as effective geometrical guidance for dynamic convolutions.

Largemouth bass Rel exerts antiviral role against fish virus and regulates the expression of interleukin-10.

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Rel is a group of transcription factors that can be activated and regulates various aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions, which play a crucial role in mediating inflammatory responses. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that has a central role in limiting the immune response to pathogens during infection and thereby alleviating damage to the host. This study aims to investigate the function of the Rel gene in virus infection and its regulatory effect on IL-10 in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Natto: A medicinal and edible food with health function.

Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria. It is rich in a variety of amino acids, vitamins, proteins and active enzymes. It has a number of biological activities, such as thrombolysis, prevention of osteoporosis, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and so on.

hsa_circ_0000047 targeting miR-6720-5p/CYB5R2 axis alleviates inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as key regulators of DR development by regulating inflammation and angiogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of hsa_circ_0000047 in DR.

Interaction Between Dietary Selenium and Zinc Intakes on Hypothyroidism.

This study assessed the independent association of dietary selenium and zinc intakes with the risk of hypothyroidism and interaction effect between dietary selenium and zinc intakes with the risk of hypothyroidism in Americans. The data of this cross-sectional study was from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. The outcome was defined as new-onset hypothyroidism.

Identification and verification of microRNA signature and key genes in the development of osteosarcoma with lung metastasis.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous malignant spindle cell tumor in children under the age of 20. This study aims to research the association between Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 8 (SLC7A8) as well as related genes and OS.

Method: OS and normal samples (GSE38698 and GSE85537) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus dataset.