YOLOv8-BCD: a real-time deep learning framework for pulmonary nodule detection in computed tomography imaging.

Background: Lung cancer remains one of the malignant tumors with the highest global morbidity and mortality rates. Detecting pulmonary nodules in computed tomography (CT) images is essential for early lung cancer screening. However, traditional detection methods often suffer from low accuracy and efficiency, limiting their clinical effectiveness.

Effectiveness of collateral status on clinical outcomes in patients with established large infarct: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The specific association of collateral status on outcomes in patients with large ischemic stroke (ASPECTS ≤ 5) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between collateral status and outcomes in patients who received endovascular therapy (EVT) and assess whether collateral status modifies the effectiveness of bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before EVT.

Materials And Methods: This subanalysis of a prospective cohort study enrolled patients with large vessel occlusion and ASPECTS 0-5 from 38 stroke centers across China between November 2021 and February 2023.

A compact automated magnetic digital microfluidic chemiluminescence immunoassay system for rapid and sensitive detection of protein biomarkers.

The rapid and sensitive detection of specific protein biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Magnetic digital microfluidics (MDMF), capable of integrating and miniaturizing chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), offers significant advantages for biomarker detection, including high flexibility, high efficiency, and low sample consumption. Magnetic bead manipulation, as a key component of MDMF, plays a critical role in improving detection sensitivity and accuracy within a short analysis time.

F-box/LRR-repeat protein 12 reorchestrated microglia to inhibit scarring and achieve adult spinal cord injury repair.

Scarring is an insurmountable obstacle for axonal regeneration in recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI). It impedes the repair effects of therapeutic targets in cortical neurons, such as PTEN and hyper-IL-6, which cannot break through dense scar barriers to reconstruct neural circuits. However, methods for eliminating this process remain elusive.

Predictors of delayed neurological improvement in patients with large core infarctions undergoing endovascular treatment.

Objective: Some patients with large core infarctions who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) still achieved favorable long-term outcomes despite the absence of neurological improvement in the acute phase. The underlying reasons for this phenomenon remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and predictors of delayed neurological improvement (DNI) in this patient population.

Plug-based online dilution strategy for achieving 11.6-fold sensitivity enhancement in UPLC-MS/MS analysis of 38 veterinary drug residues.

In this study, an online ultrasensitive method was established for analyzing 38 veterinary drugs in beef by integrating ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with a modified QuEChERS method through a fractionized sampling and stacking (FSS) interface. Large volumes of purified solution were fractionized, stacked, separated, and analyzed by the established FSS-UPLC-MS/MS system without significantly prolonging analysis time and causing overload problems. For all drugs, good linearities with R≥0.

Vitamin-Integrated PROTAC Nanoparticle for Combined Therapy of NSCLC.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeric (PROTAC) technology represents a groundbreaking approach with immense potential for treating a wide range of diseases. However, its clinical application is often limited by challenges in solubility and permeability. Herein, we have developed an innovative three-in-one nanoparticulate therapeutic agent tailored for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of auxin response factor (ARF) genes in Chionanthus retusus and functional characterization of CrARF37 in terms of its effect on flower shape.

Background: The Auxin Response Factor (ARF) gene family is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, serving as a pivotal gene in the auxin signaling pathway. Members of this gene family encode transcription factors that regulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Notably, the Class IIa and Class IIb subfamilies within the ARF gene family play a vital role in plant flower development and morphogenesis.

Ion-Dipole Interactions Modulated Anion-Reinforced Solvation Chemistry for Advanced Wide-Temperature Sodium-Ion Full Batteries.

Wide-temperature sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems under extreme temperature conditions. However, SIBs generally suffer from an unstable electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) at high temperature and sluggish interfacial kinetics at low temperature, resulting in poor temperature tolerance with fast capacity degradation. Herein, a weakly coordinated carboxylate ester cosolvent, methyl butyrate, is employed to modulate the ion-dipole interactions in fluorine-free ester-based electrolyte for the anion-reinforced solvation chemistry.

Genetic evidence for causal effects of inflammatory protein factors on breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) represents a significant public health challenge characterized by complex pathogenic mechanisms. While inflammatory proteins are known to play crucial roles in cancer development, their causal relationships with breast cancer risk remain inadequately understood. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate potential causal associations between inflammatory proteins and breast cancer susceptibility.

Acute stroke risk prediction model based on dual-energy CTA-derived carotid plaque, perivascular adipose tissue characteristics, and serum lipid parameters: a dual-center study.

Background: Acute stroke is a major global cause of mortality and disability. Accurate prediction of stroke risk is crucial for effective clinical management. This study aimed to develop a multidimensional prediction model for acute stroke using carotid plaque characteristics, lumen parameters, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) quantitative metrics derived from dual-energy computed tomography angiography (DE-CTA), and serum lipid biomarkers.

Derivation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Novel One-Dimensional Model of Coronary Blood Flow Accounting for Vessel Taper & Boundary Slip.

Computational models of coronary flow allow quantification of virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR) and absolute flow, reducing the need for invasive testing in supporting a diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). One-dimensional (1D) models of coronary flow are an emerging tool, which provide rapid assessment of coronary physiology. However, they currently do not fully account for side branch flow, the importance of which for clinically indeterminate cases is disputed.

Construction of GAN-RES and Its Application to Small Sample Fusulinid Fossil Recognition.

Traditional fossil identification relies on the rich experience and knowledge of paleontologists, and existing intelligent identification methods mainly rely on deep learning to train on a large number of fossil graphic samples to achieve a high degree of precision. In order to solve the above problems and still be able to accurately recognize small samples of rare fossils, we try to use the generative adversarial network (GAN) combined with ResNet50, EfficientNet, and customized CNN architectures, which are applied to the identification of small samples of fossils. First of all, the generator of GAN is fully trained, using it to generate a large number of samples to expand the dataset, enriching the image features extracted by the model, and then through the neural network to analyze the image abstraction computation, and finally, the best fossil identification model is trained through multiple iterations.

Inflammatory responsive hydrogels incorporated with bevacizumab-loaded infinite coordination nanopolymers for accelerating cartilage repair.

Cartilage injury repair remains challenging because of its unique physical structure and pathological micro-environment, including vascular invasion and inflammatory environment. In this study, inflammatory responsive hydrogels (TA-Mg@Bev iHGs) reinforced by bevacizumab (Bev)-loaded infinite coordination nanopolymer (TA-Mg@Bev) were fabricated for accelerated cartilage repair via anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. The incorporation of TA-Mg@Bev iHGs enhanced the mechanical strength of TA-Mg@Bev via phenolic hydroxyl group-mediated hydrogen bond, enabling a sustained drug release under inflammatory environment.

Exploring machine learning strategies for single-cell transcriptomic analysis in wound healing.

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated, multiphase process that involves various cell types and molecular pathways. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics and machine learning have provided unprecedented insights into the complexity of this process, enabling the identification of novel cellular subpopulations and molecular mechanisms underlying tissue repair. In particular, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revealed significant cellular heterogeneity, especially within fibroblast populations, and has provided valuable information on immune cell dynamics during healing.

Pyrene-based aggregation-induced emission: A bridge model to regulate aggregation.

The aggregation process plays a significant role in regulating the aggregate structures from molecules toward macroscopic photophysical properties. Pyrene (Py), as the simplest dimer candidate, serves as a suitable model for studying the aggregation. Herein, a series of Py-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials have been investigated by clarifying the comprehensive roles of oxygen, substituents, molecular motion, and packing during aggregation, initially realizing the aim of controlling aggregate structures.

Genetic evidence for causal relationships between vegetarian biomarkers and esophageal cancer risk.

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) poses a significant global health burden with complex pathogenic mechanisms. While biomarkers specific to vegetarian populations have been implicated in cancer development, their causal relationship with EC remains unclear.

Methods: We leverage genetic approaches to investigate the bidirectional causal relationships between vegetarian-specific biomarkers and EC risk.

Rapidly making biodegradable and recyclable paper plastic based on microwave radiation driven dynamic carbamate chemistry.

In response to the looming concerns of plastic pollution, replacing plastic with paper is a very promising way, but its realization seems a long way off due to the poor water resistance and unsatisfied mechanical strength of cellulose fibril-based materials. Herein, we develop a versatile functionalizing material consisting of mainly biobased cyclic carbonate-bearing compounds and amine compound, which can enable the rapid transformation (within 2 min under microwave radiation) of the cellulose paper into plastic-like material (named paper plastic) having an unprecedently high tensile strength of ~126 MPa. Through a systematic experimental and theoretical study, the paper plastic's combination of excellent mechanical properties and water/solvent resistance is attributed to the easy formation of carbamate abundant non-isocyanate polyurethane cooperated with the intermolecular bond exchange mechanism between the dynamic carbamate moiety and hydroxyl of the cellulose.

Spatial evolution of international air cargo network connectivity in China: 1996-2019.

The interconnection of transport infrastructure is a priority area under the Belt and Road Initiative and holds significant implications for global socio-economic development. Air network connectivity plays a vital role in shaping transport efficiency. From a global air transport network perspective, this study investigates the spatial evolution of China's international air cargo network connectivity between 1996 and 2019.

Enhancing fast-growing wood properties via rosin-modified cellulose: superior hydrophobicity and dimensional stability.

Fast-growing wood is rich in hydroxyl groups, which are sensitive to water and readily absorb moisture in humid environments, leading to a reduction in the mechanical properties of the wood and limiting its applications. Herein, a silicone modified rosin-based hydrophobic agent (SRA) was synthesized from a biomass resource, tetrahydro rosin acids (TRA), and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)triethoxysilane (KH-561) through a ring-opening reaction. The triethoxy groups in the SRA structure facilitate the formation of covalent bonds with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose in the wood, effectively anchoring the active components within the wood matrix and filling its porous structure.

Design and in vitro evaluation of gradient Schwarz Primitive scaffolds with thin-board integration for bone implants.

Bone scaffolds for the repair of large-segment bone defects require a balance between mechanical stability and nutrient transport. This study proposes gradient Schwarz Primitive minimal surface scaffolds (P-TPMS) integrated with thin-board (B) structures, fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). Finite element analysis (FEA) revealed that the gradient design reduced stress concentrations, achieving a layer-by-layer collapse failure mode under compression.

WiPIHT: A WiFi-Based Position-Independent Passive Indoor Human Tracking System.

Unlike traditional vision-based camera tracking, human indoor localization and activity trajectory recognition also employ other methods such as infrared tracking, acoustic localization, and locators. These methods have significant environmental limitations or dependency on specialized equipment. Currently, WiFi-based human sensing is a novel and important method for human activity recognition.

Epigenetic dysregulation-induced metabolic reprogramming fuels tumor progression in bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer remains a significant global health challenge with a high mortality rate despite advancements in treatment modalities. Metabolic alterations serve as crucial contributors to cancer progression, particularly influencing tumor aggressiveness and patient outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize metabolic hubs associated with disease progression and tumor aggressiveness in bladder cancer.

Revealing the Catalysis Modes for Sulfur Conversion Kinetics in Molten Salt Aluminum-Sulfur Batteries.

Molten salt aluminum-sulfur (MSAS) batteries operated at a sub-water-boiling temperature are attractive for large-scale energy storage because of the low costs along with moderate energy density. However, the sulfur positive electrode is plagued by the sluggish reaction kinetics of polysulfides, which hampers the rate and cycling performance. Herein, carbon materials integrated with single-atom catalysts (SACs) are utilized as the model sulfur hosts for MSAS batteries and comprehensively investigate the active modes of these SACs on cell performance.

Intra-Arterial Tenecteplase After Successful Reperfusion in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The optimal dose, safety, and efficacy of intra-arterial tenecteplase after successful reperfusion by endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion (LVO) is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the dose-dependent adverse events and signals of efficacy of intra-arterial tenecteplase in LVO after successful reperfusion with thrombectomy, defined as an Extended Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b-3.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, blinded-outcome assessment trial, incorporating a 14 + 8 dose-escalation (phase 1b, nonrandomized) and dose-expansion (phase 2a, randomized) design, was conducted in China between 2023 and 2024, with follow-up continuing through November 2024.