Recent advances in photocatalytic ammonia synthesis: materials design and mechanistic insights.

Ammonia, a core raw material for the global agricultural and chemical industries, faces serious challenges in its conventional synthesis process (the Haber-Bosch method) due to its high energy consumption, high carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis technology provides a revolutionary solution for green ammonia economy by realizing efficient nitrogen reduction under mild conditions with solar energy as the driving force. In this study, we systematically review the mechanism of photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction, focusing on the adsorption activation of nitrogen molecules, electron transfer pathways, and intermediate product regulation strategies, and review multiple types of photocatalyst systems including metal oxides, sulfides, bismuth-based materials, and carbon-based materials.

Elevated Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated Antigen and Pulmonary Nodule Caused by Airway Foreign Bodies Mimic Lung Cancer.

Background: Airway foreign bodies can occur at any age and often expose the patients to the risk of pulmonary infections, pulmonary atelectasis, and even asphyxia. It is more commonly observed in children and less likely in adults. We report a case of an elderly man with elevated squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen combined with multiple nodules in both lungs, initially diagnosed as lung cancer and eventually diagnosed as multiple foreign bodies in both lungs by bronchoscopy.

Enhancing Agricultural Sustainability by Improving the Efficiency of Lignocellulosic Biomass Utilization in the Ruminant Diet via Solid-State Fermentation with White-Rot Fungi: A Review.

Against the backdrop of the green circular economy, the exploration of reliable and sustainable applications of lignocellulosic biomass (LCBM) has emerged as a critical research frontier. The utilization of LCBM as a ruminant roughage source offers a promising strategy to address two pressing issues: the "human-animal competition for food" dilemma and the environmental degradation resulting from improper LCBM disposal. However, the high degree of lignification in LCBM significantly restricts its utilization efficiency in ruminant diets.

Identification and Validation of Key Genes Related to Lipophagy in Osteoporosis.

Background: Lipid droplet autophagy (lipophagy) is the breakdown and recycling of lipids within cells via autophagy. Some research suggests that enhancing lipophagy could have potential benefits for bone health. This study aimed to determine the key genes linked to lipophagy in osteoporosis (OP) and provided a reference for the treatment of OP.

Mixed Ensiling Increases Degradation Without Altering Attached Microbiota Through Ruminal Incubation Technique.

Mixed silage can disrupt the girder structure of rape straw, and thus facilitate ruminal degradation. Further investigation is warranted to validate this observation in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the degradation kinetics and bacterial colonization of mixed silage during digestion using an ruminal incubation technique.

A lysosomal fluorescent probe for the imaging of viscosity in tumoral ferroptosis and rheumatoid arthritis mice models.

Viscosity, as an important micro-environment parameter, is closely related to the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Herein, we have developed a novel fluorescent probe (BIB) for lysosomal viscosity detection. Interestingly, using BIB, imaging of viscosity fluctuations in tumoral ferroptosis and rheumatoid arthritis models has been successfully achieved.

HBx Drives Liver Cancer Stem Cell Generation Through Stimulating Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming.

Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely related to the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The HBV x protein (HBx) plays a key role in promoting the malignant transformation of hepatocytes and cancer heterogeneity, but the role of HBx in metabolism influencing the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is still unclear. This study explores HBx-induced glucose metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells to promote the generation of CSCs.

Spatial evolution of international air cargo network connectivity in China: 1996-2019.

The interconnection of transport infrastructure is a priority area under the Belt and Road Initiative and holds significant implications for global socio-economic development. Air network connectivity plays a vital role in shaping transport efficiency. From a global air transport network perspective, this study investigates the spatial evolution of China's international air cargo network connectivity between 1996 and 2019.

Preoperative thyroglobulin antibody concentrations and prediction of papillary thyroid carcinoma recurrence.

Objective: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), a common chronic autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid, has been associated with an elevated risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the impact of AIT on the prognosis of PTC remains uncertain. As thyroid autoantibodies were indicators for AIT, this study aimed to investigate the recurrence risk in different levels of preoperative thyroid autoantibodies in PTC patients.

Spatially resolved C1QC macrophage-CD4 T cell niche in colorectal cancer microenvironment: implications for immunotherapy response.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), including both microsatellite instability (MSI) and microsatellite stability (MSS) subtypes, frequently exhibits intrinsic resistance to immunotherapy. However, the spatial tumor microenvironment (TME) and its role in distinguishing immunotherapy responders from non-responders remain poorly understood. In this study, spatial multiomics, including imaging mass cytometry (n = 50 in-house), spatial proteomics (n = 50 in-house), and spatial transcriptomics (n = 9 in-house), were employed to elucidate the spatial TME of metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients receiving immunotherapy.

NSP7 Molecular Degrader Attenuates Coronaviral Infection Through the β-TrCP1/FBXO5 Axis.

NSP7 (Non-Structural Protein 7) of SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial component for viral replication and transcription. In this study, it is revealed that the host E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO5 suppresses viral replication by mediating NSP7 lysine-48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, it is also determined that NSP7 expression impairs the host antiviral response by inhibiting the ISGylation of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), a key sensor for viral RNA.

VR sculpting as a therapeutic intervention for alleviating anxiety: a case study from a university art class.

Background: Anxiety among university students has become increasingly prominent in higher education settings, adversely affecting not only their academic performance but also their overall mental health. While medication and psychological interventions can help alleviate anxiety to some extent, it is crucial for this particular group to find more convenient, easily accepted non-pharmacological approaches. Art therapy, especially hands-on creative activities, is considered an effective means of regulating anxiety, yet research on virtual reality (VR) sculpting remains relatively scarce.

Hydrothermally Synthesized ZnMnO@GO Cathode Enhances Zinc-Ion Kinetics and Cycling Stability for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Spinel-type ZnMnO has been identified as a cathode that demonstrates considerable potential material for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). In this study, the synthesis of ZnMnO@GO composite material was conducted using a hydrothermal method. The electrochemical performance of the composite material was found to be significantly enhanced, a phenomenon that was primarily ascribed to the substantial specific surface area and exceptional conductivity of graphene, which improved the diffusion kinetics of zinc ions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.

Reduced exosomal miR-215-5p activates the NEAT1/MAPK1/p-CRMP2 pathway and contributes to social dysfunction in a VPA-induced autism model.

Autism is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits. Environmental factors, such as prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), are major risk factors for the development of autism in offspring. Environmental epigenetics investigates how environmental factors influence gene expression and function.

Inhibition of virally induced TFEB proteasomal degradation as a host-centric therapeutic approach for coronaviral infection.

The endolysosomal pathway plays an evolutionarily conserved role in pathogen clearance, and viruses have evolved complex mechanisms to evade this host defense system. Here, we describe a previously unidentified aspect of coronaviral infection, whereby the master transcriptional activator of lysosomal homeostasis-TFEB-is targeted for proteasomal-mediated degradation upon viral infection. Through mass spectrometry analysis and an unbiased small interfering RNA screen, we identify that TFEB protein stability is coordinately regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit DCAF7 and the PAK2 kinase.

Mitigating enteric methane emissions: An overview of methanogenesis, inhibitors and future prospects.

Enteric methane emissions account for approximately 17% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and represent 2% to 12% of energy losses from energy intake in ruminants. To reduce these emissions and accelerate the achievement of carbon neutrality, it is critical to understand the factors driving methanogenesis in the rumen and develop effective methane mitigation strategies. Methanogenesis inhibitors, when used in conjunction with nutritional and breeding management strategies, are widely regarded as effective additives for optimizing rumen function, enhancing nutrient utilization and reducing enteric methane emissions.

A multi-channel wearable sensing patch based on gate-all-around field-effect transistors.

Field-effect transistors (FETs), known for their rapid response and signal amplification capabilities, have attracted significant research interest for the detection of biomarkers. However, the development of multi-channel sensors using FETs and their wearable applications are impeded by the rigid substrates and large areas. Here, we reported a wearable EGFET sensor array patch that integrates gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA FETs) and flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) patches to overcome these challenges.

Reproductive Concern, Fertility Intention, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Young Women with Thyroid Cancer after Thyroid Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Factors contributing to the development of reproductive concern, fertility intention and pregnancy outcomes in young women following thyroidectomy are unclear. This study aimed to compare the reproductive concern, fertility intentions and pregnancy outcomes between young women who had either thyroid cancer (TC) or benign thyroid disease and were treated with total thyroidectomy (TT) or thyroid lobectomy (TL). This prospective cohort study enrolled women aged 20-40 and scheduled for thyroid surgery at a tertiary hospital in China from November 2019 to October 2021 (ChiCTR1900027205).

Knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward atherosclerosis and ultrasound screening in adults in Shanghai.

This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding atherosclerosis ultrasound screening among adults in the general population of Shanghai. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 5 to May 30, 2024, at the Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, involving the general public. An investigator-designed questionnaire collected demographic information and KAP scores.

Poor sleep and high rheumatoid arthritis risk: Evidence from large UK Biobank cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between sleep behaviors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk.

Methods: First, based on large-scale data from the UK Biobank, we analyzed the associations between multiple sleep factors and RA risk and calculated a poor sleep score (PSS) to assess their combined effect. Then we constructed genetic risk scores (GRS) based on a large genome-wide association study and assessed the interaction or combined effect of sleep and genetic factors on RA risk.

Spatial multi-omics profiling of breast cancer oligo-recurrent lung metastasis.

Primary breast cancer (BC) and metastatic tumors exhibit distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) ecosystems, and the heterogeneity of the TME of BC poses challenges to effective therapies. Evaluating the TME at the single-cell and spatial profiles offers potential for more precise treatments. However, due to the challenge of obtaining surgical specimens of both primary BC and oligo-recurrent lung metastasis simultaneously for high-resolution spatial analysis, the TME of lung-specific metastases using paired samples remains largely unexplored.

Evaluating the potential of fermented bakery by-products as a replacement for corn gluten feed in cattle diets to suppress methanogenesis and alter rumen fermentation in growing Holstein bulls.

Both corn gluten feed and bakery by-products are important alternative concentrate feedstuffs for ruminants. Bakery by-products, which are rich in ether extract (EE) and starch, have the potential to be utilized as concentrate feedstuffs for ruminants, with a capacity to reduce ruminal methanogenesis. In the study, fermented corn gluten feed (FCG) and fermented bakery by-products (FBP) were mixed with other feedstuffs to formulate FCG and FBP diets, respectively.

Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study in UK biobank.

Background: Glucosamine is a widely used supplement for treating osteoarthritis and joint pain. New evidence suggests a potential association between glucosamine and type 2 diabetes, inflammation and cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of diabetic microvascular complications based on data from the large-scale nationwide prospective UK Biobank cohort study.

Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia by Superionic Conductor with Mixed Ion/Electron Conduction.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) nitrate reduction shows substantial potential for solar-to-ammonia (NH) conversion. However, low electron density and disordered electron conduction of conventional catalysts result in limited performance and low Faraday efficiency. Herein, a FePSLi superionic conductor (SIC) is developed by introducing lithium ions into van der Waals immobile layered of FePS catalyst.

Envelope spectrum knowledge-guided domain invariant representation learning strategy for intelligent fault diagnosis of bearing.

Deep learning has significantly advanced bearing fault diagnosis. Traditional models rely on the assumption of independent and identically distributed, which is frequently violated due to variations in rotational speeds and loads during bearing fault diagnosis. The fault diagnosis of the bearing based on representation learning lacks the consideration of spectrum knowledge and representation diversity under multiple working conditions.