Ferromagnetic Surface Segregation via Stress-Concentration Coupling Boosts the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in RuO.

RuO, the benchmark catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), has traditionally been considered Pauli paramagnetic; however, recent findings have demonstrated its antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties, hinting at the opportunity to enhance RuO's OER performance by manipulating its magnetic traits. In this study, we successfully induced weak ferromagnetism in commercial RuO, transitioning it from an AFM state using an electrochemical sodiation method. This process resulted in high activity, achieving an overpotential of 145 mV to reach 10 mA cm and extending the service hours by more than 13 times compared to pristine RuO in 0.

Fucoidan-driven Bacteroides xylanisolvens HS-1 alleviates hyperuricemia by promoting intestinal uric acid excretion via the PPARγ/ABCG2 signaling pathway.

The rising prevalence of hyperuricemia and associated complications present a substantial global health challenge. Fucoidan, a natural sulfate-rich polysaccharide degraded by gut microbiota, is under investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for reducing uric acid levels. However, the precise mechanism underlying its effects remains unclear.

Modified Endoscopic Biliary Stent Combined with Photodynamic Therapy: A New Strategy for the Palliative Treatment of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with biliary stenting reportedly has better efficacy and safety in the treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC). Considering the shortcomings of traditional PDT methods, we proposed a novel modified approach, defined as initial biliary stent placement followed by PDT, for the treatment of EHC. The study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of biliary stent placement prior to PDT versus only stent placement on the treatment of EHC.

Understanding the Interfacial Behavior of Cycloaliphatic-like Epoxy Resin with Optical Fibers: Insights from Experiments and Molecular Simulations.

Optical fiber composite insulators are essential for photoelectric current measurement, yet insulation failure at embedded optical fiber interfaces remains a major challenge to long-term stability. This study proposes a strategy to replace conventional silicone rubber with cycloaliphatic-like epoxy resin (CEP) as the shed-sheathing material. Three optical fibers with distinct outer coatings, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), and epoxy acrylate resin (EA), were evaluated for their interfacial compatibility with CEP.

Species Diversity and Resource Status of Macrofungi in Beijing: Insights from Natural and Urban Habitats.

This study systematically documented macrofungal diversity in Beijing, China (field surveys conducted from 2020 to 2024) using line-transect and random sampling. A total of 1056 species were identified, spanning 2 phyla, 7 classes, 25 orders, 109 families, and 286 genera. The inventory includes 12 new species, 456 new records for Beijing, 79 new records for China, and comprises 116 edible, 56 edible-medicinal, 123 medicinal, and 58 poisonous species.

Enrichment of Streptococcus oralis in respiratory microbiome enhance innate immunity and protects against influenza infection.

Respiratory microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the dynamic variation in the respiratory microbiota and its interaction with the host response remain poorly understood. Here, we performed metagenomic analysis of respiratory and gut microbiota, along with blood transcriptomics, using longitudinally collected samples from 38 CAP patients.

Effects of Baloxavir Marboxil Plus Neuraminidase Inhibitor vs Neuraminidase Inhibitor in High-risk Patients Hospitalized With Severe Influenza: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Flagstone Trial.

Background: Combining baloxavir with neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) has not demonstrated significant benefits in severe influenza. High-risk populations with impaired viral clearance may represent the optimal candidates for this combination treatment.

Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of the Flagstone trial (NCT03684044), including patients hospitalized with severe influenza.

ADAR1 as a Placental Innate Immune Rheostat Sustaining the Homeostatic Balance of Intrinsic Interferon Response at the Maternal-Fetal Interface.

The mechanisms that balance a robust intrinsic antiviral defense at the maternal-fetal interface with fetal development remain elusive. Here, it is delineated that ADAR1, an adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editor, fine-tunes intrinsic interferon (IFN)-mediated integrates stress response (ISR) in the mouse placenta, thereby orchestrating embryonic development and antiviral defense. Placental Adar1 deletion (Adar1) trigger spatially resolved overwhelming IFN responses, which impair the differentiation of IFN hyper-responsive junctional zone (JZ) progenitors and functions of the placental JZ, ultimately causing embryonic death.

The efficacy and safety of inhaled peptide YKYY017 for COVID-19 patients with mild illness: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial.

YKYY017 is a SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion inhibitor. We report efficacy and safety of inhaled YKYY017 for COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate illness from a phase 2 trial (ChiCTR2300075467). 239 patients aged 18-75 years with mostly mild COVID-19 were randomly allocated to receive aerosol inhalation of 10 or 20 mg YKYY017 or placebo once daily.

Research Priorities for Noninvasive Sampling of the Lower Respiratory Tract during Acute Respiratory Failure: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

Research using lower respiratory tract (LRT) sampling may lead to improved understanding and management of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Research bronchoscopy is a valuable tool for sampling the LRT during ARF. However, bronchoscopy may be limited by challenges with repeated sampling, the inability to sample the most severely ill patients, and increased resource utilization.

High-Resolution Core Gene-Associated Multiple Nucleotide Polymorphism (cgMNP) Markers for Strain Identification in the Wine Cap Mushroom .

, an ecologically valuable and economically important edible mushroom, faces challenges in strain-level identification and breeding due to limited genomic resources and the lack of high-resolution molecular markers. In this study, we generated high-quality genomic data for 105 strains and identified over 2.7 million SNPs, unveiling substantial genetic diversity within the species.

Longitudinal profiling of host response and oropharyngeal respiratory microbiome reveals dynamic alterations during recovery from community-acquired pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major global health concern, with limited understanding of longitudinal changes in host gene expression and respiratory microbiome throughout disease progression and recovery. To address this gap, we longitudinally collected CAP patients' peripheral blood for transcriptome and oropharyngeal swabs for microbiome analysis from admission to 4 months post infection. Age- and sex-matched volunteers were recruited as controls.

Sustainable vanillin production: Biotechnological advances, catalytic innovations, and integrated assessment.

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde) is one of the world's most commercially important flavour molecules, used across food, fragrance, pharmaceutical, and emerging materials sectors. Global demand far exceeds the supply that can be met by vanilla bean extraction, driving interest in alternative synthetic and biotechnological routes to production. This review traces the evolution of vanillin production from traditional extraction through petro-based synthesis to the latest biotechnological and hybrid chemo-enzymatic processes.

Single-atom bridges across biotic-abiotic interfaces facilitate direct electron transfer for solar-to-chemical conversion.

Biotic-abiotic hybrid systems show significant promise for solar-to-chemical conversion by integrating intracellular biocatalytic pathways with artificially synthesized semiconductors. However, due to intricate interfacial connection and ubiquitous heterogeneities between microorganisms and materials, it remains challenging to achieve atomically precise interface contact and elucidate electron transport mechanism at the single-/sub-cell levels for efficient solar energy transformation. Herein, we report a general design of facilitating direct electron transfer pathway through constructing single-atom bridges across biotic-abiotic interfaces to enhance solar-to-chemical conversion.

Diagnosis and Management of Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Background: Understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has evolved thanks to new evidence, experience, and emerging technologies. This document updates evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on four key questions for the diagnosis and management of adult patients with CAP.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel integrated systematic reviews of comparative evidence with other relevant research and clinical experience, then applied Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to produce recommendations using the Evidence to Decision Framework.

Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of simnotrelvir and ritonavir in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

"Xiannuoxin" (simnotrelvir/ritonavir) is a novel anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drug developed in China, which plays an antiviral role by inhibiting 3C-like protease (3CL). At present, it has been put into clinical use, while a simple, accurate and sensitive detection method is urgently needed for the quantification of simnotrelvir/ritonavir in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to ensure safe and efficacious antiviral therapeutics. In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of simnotrelvir, ritonavir and urea concentrations in human serum and BALF samples.

Weakening behaviour of water saturated Island coal body subjected to SHPB tests.

To elucidate the impact of mine water on weakening mechanisms of coal under dynamic compressive loading conditions, this investigation employed experimental analyses utilizing Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus. Parameters including moisture content, impact gas pressure, and confining pressure were systematically varied to clarify the weakening properties. The results indicate a significant decrease in both the strength and stiffness of submerged coal under dynamic loading conditions.

Predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response of ferroptosis-related genes in colorectal cancer.

To identify ferroptosis markers, which were associated with prognosis and immune response in colorectal cancer (CRC), we integrated spatial transcriptome, single-cell transcriptome, and bulk transcriptome data for analysis, and this multi-omics integration approach is an innovation that distinguishes this study from previous ones. We assessed the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, subject operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Lasso analysis. A total of 135 ferroptosis-associated genes were identified, with the high-risk subgroup having significantly worse overall survival.

Improving the Response of Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biosensing through Optogenetic Enhancement of Electroactive Biofilms.

Early detection of pollutants in water discharge is an integral part of environmental monitoring. Electroactive biofilm (EAB)-enabled, microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensors facilitate self-powered online pollutant detection. However, as EABs are highly dynamic, naturally formed EABs as sensing and transducing elements limit the performance of MFC-based biosensors.

Poor clinical outcomes in respiratory viral sepsis: a retrospective observational study.

Aim: This study attempts to explore the clinical differences of sepsis caused by respiratory viruses and bacteria, and to search for risk factors for mortality in viral sepsis.

Methods: This single-centre, retrospective cohort study enrolled patients hospitalised at our medical intensive care unit (ICU) from October 2020 to January 2024 who were diagnosed with pneumonia and sepsis. The primary and secondary pathogens were identified with comprehensive aetiological tests.

Regulation of placental development and function by ubiquitination.

The proper distribution of nutrients and metabolites between the mother and fetus is one important factor for successful pregnancy. As a bridge, the placenta plays a key role in sensing the nutritional needs of the fetus, coordinating the maternal nutrition supply, and enhancing its nutritional transport capabilities. Imperfect placental development can lead to pregnancy-related disorders such as preeclampsia, recurrent miscarriage, and/or fetal growth restriction, posing risks to both mother and child in the short and long term.