Sustainable vanillin production: Biotechnological advances, catalytic innovations, and integrated assessment.

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde) is one of the world's most commercially important flavour molecules, used across food, fragrance, pharmaceutical, and emerging materials sectors. Global demand far exceeds the supply that can be met by vanilla bean extraction, driving interest in alternative synthetic and biotechnological routes to production. This review traces the evolution of vanillin production from traditional extraction through petro-based synthesis to the latest biotechnological and hybrid chemo-enzymatic processes.

Design and Development of D-A-D Organic Material for Solution-Processed Organic/Si Hybrid Solar Cells with 17.5% Power Conversion Efficiency.

Organic/silicon hybrid solar cells have attracted much interest due to their cheap fabrication process and simple device structure. A category of organic substances, Dibenzothiophene-Spirobifluorene-Dithiophene (DBBT-mTPA-DBT), comprises dibenzo [d,b] thiophene and 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-Carbazole, which function as electron donors. In contrast, methanone is an electron acceptor, with an ∆Est of 3.

Impact of Serum Triglyceride Levels on Severity and Outcomes in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), a major inflammatory illness, is primarily caused by gallstone blockage of the common bile duct. The pathophysiology of ABP has been linked to serum triglyceride (TG) levels, suggesting a potential role for TG in predicting disease severity. Objective The research objective was to investigate the association between serum TG levels and the severity of ABP.

Malnutrition and Its Influence on Sepsis Outcomes in Elderly Patients.

Background: Malnutrition is common among the elderly and has significant implications for hospitalization outcomes. This is particularly true for severe illnesses such as sepsis, given age-related physiological changes and comorbidities.

Objective: This study examined how malnutrition affected hospitalization outcomes in older adults admitted for sepsis.

A meta-analysis of photosynthetic efficiency and stress mitigation by melatonin in enhancing wheat tolerance.

Background: Our meta-analysis examines the effects of melatonin on wheat under varying abiotic stress conditions, focusing on photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water status, and photosynthetic pigments. We initially collected 177 publications addressing the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 31 published studies were selected, encompassing 170 observations on photosynthetic parameters, 73 on chlorophyll fluorescence, 65 on leaf water status, 240 on photosynthetic pigments.

Relation between hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of sludge extracellular polymeric substances and sludge moisture-holding capacity in hot-pressing drying.

Sludge poses a serious threat to the environmental health. Hot-pressing drying has been proven efficient in sludge treatment because of the reduced thermal contact resistance, rapid increase in sludge temperature, and high drying rate. Sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) significantly influence moisture transfer.

Adsorption performance and mechanism of cationic and anionic dyes by KOH activated biochar derived from medical waste pyrolysis.

The massive generation of medical waste (MW) results in a series of environmental, social, and ecological problems. Pyrolysis is one such approach that has attracted more attention because of the production of value-added products with lesser environmental risk. In this study, the activated biochar (ABC600) was obtained from MW pyrolysis and activated with KOH.

Mixed culture chain elongation for consumption of acetate and ethanol in anaerobic fermentation: The impact of salt type, dosage and acclimation.

Microbial chain elongation is a newly developed carboxylate platform-based bioprocess, which often encounters high salinity stress due to saline feedstock and pH adjustment. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of salt types (Na, K, and NH), dosage, and salinity acclimation on microbial chain elongation, and identified the microbial community by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that a high level of Na and NH (12.

Experimental analysis on products distribution and characterization of medical waste pyrolysis with a focus on liquid yield quantity and quality.

The massive generation of medical waste (MW) poses a serious risk to the natural environment and human health. The pyrolysis technique is proposed as a potential treatment for MW to tackle the associated environmental issues and produce value-added products. In this work, medical waste pyrolysis has been conducted at various temperatures using a fixed bed reactor with a 20 °C·min heating rate and nitrogen was used as a career gas with a flow rate of 100 ml·min.

Molecular detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 in sheep, goats, cows and buffaloes.

Background: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are important foodborne pathogens that causing serious public health consequences worldwide. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence ratio and to identify the zoonotic potential of E.

Enhancement of conductive drying of sewage sludge with mechanical compression: Drying kinetics, and interfacial heat transfer behavior.

Improving sludge drying efficiency is of tremendous importance for public health, subsequent treatment, and comprehensive utilization. The interfacial thermal resistance between sludge and hot wall greatly limits the conductive drying performance. This study employed mechanical compression to decrease the interfacial thermal resistance.

Immunoglobulins content in colostrum, transitional and mature milk of Bangladeshi mothers: Influence of parity and sociodemographic characteristics.

Background: The study investigated the concentration of IgA, IgM and IgG in colostrum, transitional and mature milk and the effect of parity, age, BMI and family income on secreted immunoglobulin contents of human milk.

Methods: Sequential samples of colostrum, transitional and mature milk were collected from 38 women. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was used to analyse the immunoglobulin concentrations.

Fabrication of an Efficient Planar Organic-Silicon Hybrid Solar Cell with a 150 nm Thick Film of PEDOT: PSS.

Organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells composed of p-type conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) and n-type silicon (Si) have gained considerable interest in recent years. From this viewpoint, we present an efficient hybrid solar cell based on PEDOT: PSS and the planar Si substrate (1 0 0) with the simplest and cost-effective experimental procedures. We study and optimize the thickness of the PEDOT: PSS film to improve the overall performance of the device.

Experimentally investigated the asparagus ( L.) drying with flat-plate collector under the natural convection indirect solar dryer.

The above article, published online on 21 February 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Y. Martin Lo, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Association Of Serum Total Bilirubin Level With Diabetic Retinopathy In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Serum bilirubin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunological properties. It is considered a protective substance against atherosclerotic and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was designed to find the association between total serum bilirubin concentration and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Frequency Of Common Bacteria And Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern In Diabetics Presenting With Foot Ulcer.

Background: Foot ulcers are one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus and often lead to lower limb amputation. Diabetic foot ulcers are susceptible to infection. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of common bacteria infecting these ulcers and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.

Quality Evaluation of Biscuits Supplemented with Alfalfa Seed Flour.

The effect of alfalfa seed flour supplementation on the quality characteristics of refined wheat flour-based biscuits was studied. The proximate composition of refined wheat flour and alfalfa seed flour was determined. Refined wheat flour contained 12.

Correlation of serum calcium with severity of acute ischaemic stroke.

Objective: To determine the correlation of serum calcium with severity of acute ischaemic stroke.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from January to September 2013, and comprised patients who had suffered ischaemic stroke. All patients aged above 18 years who had been diagnosed to have suffered ischaemic stroke through history, physical examination and computed tomography scan, and who were admitted within the first 72 hours of the onset of the illness were included.

SHORT STATURE: WHA T IS THE CAUSE IN OUR POPULATION.

Background: Globally children and adolescents with growth failure are referred to specialized units for evaluation and management. We designed this study to determine the cause of short stature in children and adolescents referred to our endocrine unit for evaluation and further management.

Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was performed in the Department of Endocrine, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.

EFFICACY OF 5 MG AND 10 MG ROSUVASTATIN IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROALEMIA.

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the most important complication and the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hypercholesterolemia is an important modifiable risk factor for CHD. Statins are the first line drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in DM.

KNOWLEDGE OF DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen exponentially over the last three decades, with resultant increase in morbidity and mortality mainly due to its complications. Limited data is available regarding the awareness and knowledge about these complications in our population. This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge of diabetic complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Mammalian bite injuries to the head and neck region.

Objective: To determine the frequency and presentation of mammalian bite injuries to the head and neck region seen in a plastic surgery unit.

Design: Observational study. PATIENTS AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, PGMI, HMC, Peshawar from July 1999 to June 2003.

Management of postburn digital flexion contractures.

Objective: To determine the outcome of plantar/palmer skin graft for the management of postburn digital flexion contracture in terms of functional and cosmetic improvements.

Design: Interventional quasi-experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, PGMI, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.