Chemical composition, microbial community, and fermentation characteristic of sweet sorghum straw fermented with sheep rumen fluid by in vitro method.

This study aimed to explore how pre-treatment with rumen fluid and the duration of anaerobic fermentation of sweet sorghum (SS) straw affect the nutritional constituents, fermentation characteristics, and microbial community. Various amounts of diluted rumen fluid (0, 10, 20, and 30 mL per 100 g of SS straw) were mixed with the straw to produce fermented feed with a target moisture content of 75 %. The sampling and analysis were conducted on days 0, 15, and 45, respectively.

Complete genome of the sp. f15 isolated from Daihai Lake in Inner Mongolia.

We isolated a strain of the genus from Daihai Lake in Inner Mongolia. The complete genome size is 2,614,554 bp, with a genomic DNA G + C content of 39.3%.

Improved Substrate Specificity of Fatty Acid Hydratases Enables Efficient and Selective Linoleic Acid Isolation.

Isolation of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) from oleic acid (OA, C18:1) remains challenging due to their structure and property similarity. Conventional methods such as molecular distillation and silver-ion chromatography face energy inefficiency or complexity limitations. Enzymatic hydration using fatty acid hydratases (FAHs) selectively converts OA to hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) in favor of further isolation.

CREPT promotes LUAD progression by enhancing the CDK9 and RNAPII assembly to promote ERK-driven gene transcription.

Despite advancements in EGFR- and KRAS-targeted therapies for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), novel targets are needed for patients unresponsive or resistant to current treatments. This study demonstrates the critical role of CREPT in modulating ERK-downstream gene transcription in LUAD progression. CREPT expression and function were investigated using human LUAD tissues, EGFR/KRAS mutant LUAD cell lines, and mouse models.

PfAgo-DNAzyme cascade amplification improves Salmonella typhimurium detection.

A DNA preamplification-free method was developed for sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) by combining Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo), a programmable small DNA-guided endonuclease and label-free DNAzyme, a functional nucleic acid (FNA). The effects of 5'-phosphorylated/hydroxylated single-strand DNA (5'P/OH ssDNA), including chimeric ssDNA-RNA and ssDNA-RNA-DNA (DNAzyme) on PfAgo-mediated cleavage activity, were systematically investigated.

Efficient Preparation of High-Purity Sulforaphene: Selective Immobilization of Myrosinase by Designing a Concanavalin A-Loaded Metal-Organic Framework.

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) in cruciferous plants are natural active ingredients with cancer-preventive, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial functions. ITCs are generated through the hydrolysis of glucosinolates by myrosinase (MYR). However, the presence of specifier proteins, especially epithionitrile-specifier proteins (ESPs), significantly impacts the yield, purification, and application of ITCs.

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Peptide-Based Biomacromolecules: Mechanisms, Responsive Factors, and Biomedical Applications.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) drives the formation of biomolecular coacervates, which play important roles in cellular organization and disease development. In this review, the LLPS properties of proteins and peptides are systematically summarized, specifically on coacervate classification and sequence-based molecular design principles. These emphasize the importance of synergistic intermolecular forces in governing phase separation.

Obesity enhances ovarian cancer chemotherapy efficacy through C1q-mediated tumor targeting and immune activation.

Personalized protein corona significantly influences the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines, generating unique profiles that can impact treatment outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) exhibits increased tumor accumulation and enhanced antitumor immunity in obese mice bearing ovarian tumor, inducing a greater capacity to inhibit tumor growth compared to normal mice. Mechanistically, the protein corona, particularly enriched with complement component 1q (C1q) in the plasma of obese mice, significantly enhances the internalization of PLD by ovarian cancer cells and elicits strong immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects.

Functional role of in the detoxification of spinetoram and development of .

has evolved resistance to many biological insecticides, resulting in significant annual agricultural and economic losses. Glutathione -transferases (GSTs) are one of the major insect detoxification enzyme systems. However, the detoxification metabolism of GSTs in against biological insecticides remains poorly understood.

Comparative mitogenomics, phylogeny, and biogeography of selected species of (Aves, Passeriformes).

is a genus of insectivorous birds widely distributed across Eurasia and Africa. Their mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), classification, phylogeny, and biogeography are underresearched. Here, we sequenced and/or assembled the mitogenomes of , , , , and for detailed comparative analysis, integrating them with published mitogenomes of members of Muscicapidae for phylogenetic reconstruction.

Recombinant human collagen type III microgel: an advanced injectable dermal filler for rejuvenating aging skin.

Skin aging, characterized by reduced collagen regeneration, chronic inflammation and heightened skin cancer risk, poses a significant challenge. Collagen-based materials, employed as dermal fillers to smooth wrinkles, have attained extensive utilization. Nevertheless, traditional animal-derived collagen protein primarily presents concerns pertaining to disease risks, potential immunological reactions, and batch instability.

Engineering Zymomonas mobilis for improving genetic transformation and stability of multi-gene biosynthetic pathways.

Zymomonas mobilis holds significant promise for metabolic engineering but suffers from inefficient transformation and instability of plasmids over 8 kb. In this study, an element library containing promoters and terminators was constructed by analyzing the promoter activities of Z. mobilis ZM4.

Assembly of a high-quality reference genome and characterization of a chemical-mutagenized library of an elite soybean cultivar Tianlong 1.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a globally vital crop for oil production and food security. High-quality genomic resources are instrumental for both functional genomics and breeding.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiles of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes in Lentinula edodes.

The superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes are a group of key enzymes involved in oxidative stress defense and play a significant role in organismal growth and development. The SOD gene family has been identified in many plants, animals, and some fungi but not in the economically important edible mushroom Lentinula edodes. In this study, members of the SOD gene family of L.

Dual-network hyaluronic acid hydrogel incorporating FGF21 and layered black phosphorus nanosheets for anti-ferroptosis therapy in spinal cord injury.

Ferroptosis-induced oxidative stress triggers mitochondrial damage in spinal cord injury (SCI), impairing residual neuronal function and driving microglial M1 polarization. Regulating neuronal mitochondrial function is an urgent problem in the field of tissue engineering. To address this, an injectable dual-network hyaluronic acid/black phosphorus (BP)/ fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) composite hydrogel (ADBF) is explored, and the successful application of this functional hydrogel in SCI repair is demonstrated.

Avian HEV triggered egg decline: Viral-host, immune-neuroendocrine mechanisms in layers.

Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV), a member of the Hepeviridae family, poses substantial threats to poultry health and productivity, particularly through its detrimental impact on egg production in laying hens. This review elucidates the multifaceted mechanisms underlying aHEV-induced egg production decline in laying hens, focusing on direct viral-host interactions, immune dysregulation, and neuroendocrine disruption. aHEV exhibits strong tropism for reproductive organs, with active replication in ovarian tissues causing follicular apoptosis, structural damage, and hormonal imbalance.

Polydopamine Nanodots Ameliorate Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Restoring Redox Homeostasis and Intestinal Microenvironment.

Efficient elimination of intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accelerated alleviation of proinflammatory microenvironment are considered as a direct approach for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although promising, current treatments focusing on the intestinal inflammation resolution are still unsatisfactory and far from their practical applications. To address these limitations, novel polydopamine nanodots (PDA NDs) are rationally designed and developed as an efficient oral formulation for the targeted IBD treatment by regulating intestinal oxidative stress and proinflammatory microenvironment.

StMAPKK1 enhances drought and salt tolerance in potato via ROS scavenging and stomatal closure.

Drought and salt stress are among the main factors affecting agricultural productivity, seriously influencing the growth, development and yield of potatoes. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is highly conserved in signal transduction under abiotic stress. However, studies on the expression patterns of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKKs) gene under drought and salt stress are limited, and there is a lack of functional verification of it in supporting potato plant growth.

Non-targeted and suspect screening analysis of non-phthalate ester plasticizers in house and car dust.

Following restrictions on the use of phthalate esters (PAEs), the industry has increasingly manufactured non-PAE plasticizers (NPPs) to meet the continuous demand for plastic products. However, the environmental occurrence of NPP diversity remains insufficiently investigated. This study established a suspect and category-specific characteristic fragment-dependent non-targeted screening strategy based on liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to identify 14 categories of emerging NPPs in house and car dust.

Stage-specific metabolic allocation: nutrient investment strategies during Ashmead development.

Introduction: Parasitic wasps are key biological control agents that rely on precise nutrient allocation to regulate host exploitation and optimize their own development. Nutrients, particularly lipids and energy-related metabolites, play a critical role in shaping stage-specific growth and survival strategies in parasitic wasps.

Methods: To analyze the allocation patterns of metabolite resources during development of parasitoid wasps, the multi-omics analysis was employed to systematically investigate nutrient dynamics across three growth periods in Ashmead, a major parasitoid of cotton aphid ( Glover).

Stereo-cell: Spatial enhanced-resolution single-cell sequencing with high-density DNA nanoball-patterned arrays.

Single-cell sequencing technologies have advanced our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and biological complexity. However, existing methods face limitations in throughput, capture uniformity, cell size flexibility, and technical extensibility. We present Stereo-cell, a spatial enhanced-resolution single-cell sequencing platform based on high-density DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays, which enables scalable and unbiased cell capture at a wide input range and supports high-fidelity transcriptome profiling.

Spatial Proteomics Using BiFCPL Identifies Regulators of DMV Formation Involved in Coronavirus Replication.

β-Coronaviruses hijack host factors to remodel host endo-membranes to form double membrane vesicles (DMVs), which act as central hubs for the replication of viral genomes. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying DMV formation is critical for developing effective antiviral strategies and has garnered significant attention. However, the host factors involved in DMV formation remain scanty.

Radical Ring Expansion Catalyzed by an α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase in the Biosynthesis of Tropolones.

Tropolones are the core of numerous remarkable bioactive natural products, such as stipitatic acid and eupenifeldin. The key step of the biosynthetic pathways of tropolones is the ring expansion of a six-membered ring. TropC is the first identified enzyme capable of catalyzing the tropolone ring expansion process, which belongs to the α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (α-KGD) family.

An Explainable Two-Stage Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Post-Thrombolysis Complications in Stroke Patients: A Multi-Center Study.

Current tools for predicting the thrombolysis risk in patients after stroke exhibit limited event prediction in early post-thrombolysis hemorrhagic events. This highlights an unmet medical need to improve the tools for stroke management. We developed an explainable 2-stage machine learning model for stroke risk stratification to predict the risk of bleeding, composite complications, and all-cause death in patients before and after thrombolysis therapy.