Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) family in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.): genome-wide identification, expression analysis and functional verification.

Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) catalyze both the final anabolic step and the initial catabolic step of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are pivotal for the formation of plant branched-chain volatiles (BCVs). However, the members of BCAT family in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) remain poorly characterized.

Proteomic insights into DEM-induced oxidative stress: Glycolytic and antioxidant synergy in beef colour stability.

This study establishes diethyl maleate (DEM) as a novel physiologically relevant oxidative stress model for meat science, uniquely recapitulating gradual glutathione depletion during natural spoilage. Using quantitative proteomics and biochemical analyses (0-48 h postmortem), we demonstrate that DEM-induced stress paradoxically enhances beef colour stability despite accelerated glycolysis (pH 5.6 ± 0.

The effects of dietary astaxanthin on the intestinal microbiota and metabolites, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to Decapod iridescent virus 1 in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Background: The appearance and cross-border dissemination of numerous pathogenic microorganisms have substantially hindered the sustainable growth of the prawn's farming industry. Nutritional regulation is considered a key strategy for improving disease resistance in aquatic animals.

Aims: A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and metabolites, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and resistance to decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Effects of nano-selenium on the histopathological changes and gene expression of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen under heat stress.

Rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a typical cold-water fish often threatened by high summer temperatures. Nano-selenium as a feed additive can improve the antioxidant capacity of the body and relieve stress. In this study, different levels of nano-selenium (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg) were added to the feed of rainbow trout to determine the changes in spleen structure and expression of related genes in rainbow trout at the proper temperature (18℃) and heat stress temperature (24℃).

Gastrointestinal flora and serum metabolomic elucidation of water decoction intervention in subclinical bovine mastitis.

Background: This study addresses the global challenge of subclinical bovine mastitis (SCBM) in dairy cows, a prevalent disease causing substantial economic losses, by investigating the mechanistic basis of , a traditional herbal remedy with empirically validated efficacy but incompletely understood modes of action.

Methods: Initially, the active components of were identified using LC-MS/MS. Dose-response trials were conducted in Holstein cows ( = 24 SCBM cases; = 6 healthy controls), along with multi-omics integration, including 16S rRNA sequencing for rumen/feces microbiota and UHPLC-MS metabolomics for serum analysis.

Diweng Zhixie Power Ameliorates Dampness-Heat Diarrhea by Restoring Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

Current therapeutics for diarrhea have limitations. Classical Formula Diweng Zhixie power (DW) is derived from Shang Han Lun and has a long history of treating gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of it needs to be further clarified.

Tracking the infection dynamics of in based on GFP labelling.

Introduction: root rot, caused by , has caused severe damage to the industry. Due to the unclear pathogenic mechanisms of on , the effective implementation of control measures has been greatly restricted.

Methods: An efficient protoplast preparation and genetic transformation system was established for FO-1, enabling real-time tracking of fungal colonization in .

Efficacy of Pulsatilla saponin B4 for treatment dairy cows affected with clinical mastitis.

In order to explore the therapeutic effect of natural compound Pulsatilla saponin B4 (PSB4) on clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, 40 dairy cows with CM and 20 healthy dairy cows were selected as experimental samples in a large dairy farm. The CM cows were randomly divided into two groups (20 cows in each group), namely the PSB4 group treated with PSB4 neck intramuscular injection and the positive drug (PC) group treated with ceftiofur sodium neck intramuscular injection as a positive control. Another 20 healthy dairy cows were neck intramuscular injected with the same amount of normal saline to serve as a normal control (NC) group.

Physio-biochemical regulation of drought resistance in tree species within dryland plantations.

Drought-resistance strategies play a crucial role in determining tree resilience and mortality. During drought, stomatal closure limits photosynthesis and triggers the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process may decrease carbohydrate availability, which is key for antioxidant defense and osmoregulation.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of RPL24 expression in the yak oviduct and its regulatory mechanism on epithelial cell proliferation via DDX3X/DDX5.

To investigate the role of RPL24 in regulating yak (Bos grunniens) oviductal epithelial cell (OEC) phenotype via DDX3X/DDX5, we developed a polyclonal anti-RPL24 antibody. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed widespread RPL24 expression in infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus epithelial cells during the follicular, luteal, and gestational stages. Changes in RPL24, DDX3X, and DDX5 expression levels in fallopian tube tissues were quantitatively analyzed using western blotting.

Haloxylon ammodendron plantations: enhancing multi-trophic arthropod diversity and soil multifunctionality in arid deserts.

The conversion of natural desert vegetation to artificial sand-fixing vegetation significantly impacts the diversity of ground arthropods across various trophic levels. Consequently, this change modifies the structure and function of arthropod-dominated soil food webs, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. In this study, we set up a vegetation gradient in the desert-oasis ecotone of Zhangye Oasis, Hexi Corridor, spanning from natural desert vegetation (mobile and fixed sandy dunes) to artificial fixed sandy vegetation (5-, 10-, 20- and 30- year-old Haloxylon ammodendron plantations).

NaCl promotes tomato fruit coloring by relieving SlSR3-induced transcriptional inhibition of lycopene synthesis-related genes.

Although salt stress has an adverse effect on plant growth and development, mild salt stress acts as an elicitor of biosynthesis and thus improves fruit quality. To date, the role and mechanism of NaCl in accelerating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit coloring remain unclear. This study found that 50 mM NaCl treatment (moderate salt stress) reduced the chlorophyll content, increased the carotenoid and lycopene content, and accelerated tomato color transition without decreasing yield.

Activation of local and systemic calcium and stomatal closure responses by flg22 is regulated by eATP receptor DORN1.

Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plants can trigger local and systemic responses in plants. DORN1 (Does not Respond to Nucleotides 1, the lectin receptor kinase I.9) is known as the receptor of extracellular ATP (eATP) of plants and plays important roles in the regulation of the responses of plants to environmental stimulation.

Multidimensional Phenotypic and Microbiome Studies Uncover an Association Between Reduced Feed Efficiency in Sheep During Mycoplasmal Pneumonia and Microbial Crosstalk Within the Rumen-Lung Axis.

Mycoplasmal pneumonia of sheep (MPS), caused by , profoundly impacts ovine productivity and survival. Although gut-lung microbiota interactions are increasingly recognized in respiratory diseases, whether similar crosstalk occurs between the lung and rumen microbiota in MPS-affected sheep remains unknown. To investigate alterations in the lung and rumen microbiota of sheep with MPS, the crosstalk between these microbial communities, and their impacts on growth phenotypes.

Molecular Epidemiology of spp. in Aborted Livestock in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

Brucellosis is caused by spp.; it can result in fetal loss and abortion, resulting in economic losses and negative effects on human health. Herein, a cross-sectional study on the epidemiology of spp.

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Management on the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Intercropped Alfalfa.

Agroforestry is an ecological agricultural model that promotes the coordinated development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Exploring appropriate water and nitrogen management strategies for forage grasses in agroforestry systems is of great significance for improving productivity. This study aims to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen management practices on the growth, nitrogen uptake, and utilization efficiency of intercropped alfalfa in a goji berry-alfalfa system.

Prediction of Storage Quality and Multi-Objective Optimization of Storage Conditions for Fresh L. Based on Optimized Latin Hypercube Sampling.

Quality control of fresh during storage presents significant challenges, particularly regarding the unclear relationship between quality characteristics and storage conditions. This study analyzes the changes in qualitative and structural characteristics, including fruit hardness, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C (Vc), under various storage conditions (temperature, duration, and initial maturity). We employed optimized Latin hypercubic sampling to develop radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) and Elman neural networks to establish predictive models for the quality characteristics of fresh wolfberry.

Molecular Genetic Basis of Reproductive Fitness in Tibetan Sheep on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

: Complete environmental adaptation requires both survival and reproductive success. The hypoxic Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (>3000 m) challenges reproduction in indigenous species. Tibetan sheep, a key plateau-adapted breed, possess remarkable hypoxic tolerance, yet the genetic basis of their reproductive success remains poorly understood.

A Functional Regulatory Variant of Gene Affected the Body Weight in Hu Sheep.

Body weight (BW) is a critical economic trait closely linked to livestock meat production performance and producer profitability. In the present study, we measured individual BW of 1070 male Hu sheep at six growth stages (80, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180 days of age) and conducted descriptive statistical analyses. Results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) for BW at each stage was higher than 13%.

Effect of membrane rigidification on the expression and cold-tolerance in .

Introduction: The cold tolerance of winter rapeseed cultivars is critically important for winter survival and yield formation in northern area. BrAFP1, an antifreeze protein in , is hypothesized to stabilize membranes and inhibit ice crystal formation.

Methods: we cloned the promoter from the cold-tolerant cultivar Longyou 7 (L7) and constructed the expression vector to investigate the impact of membrane state changes on BrAFP1 expression and the cold tolerance in winter rapeseed.

Dynamics of methane flux in permafrost-affected wetlands: A meta-analysis of permafrost continuity effects and hydrological controls.

Permafrost wetlands are critical and vulnerable components of northern ecosystems, with their methane (CH) emissions representing a major uncertainty in Earth system models. Previous syntheses have disagreed on how permafrost continuity modulates CH fluxes, leaving a blind spot in climate projections. We hypothesize that degradation of permafrost continuity from continuous to discontinuous to sporadic creates a gradient of environmental conditions that drives an exponential shift in CH emissions.

Altitudinal adaptation and plasticity of physiological and proteomic variation in Polygonum viviparum under alpine environments.

To elucidate the adaptation mechanisms of Polygonum viviparum (an alpine forage grass and medicinal plant), the adaptive variation and plasticity in P. viviparum leaves along three altitudes (2300, 3200, and 3900 m) were investigated. The results showed that the stomata density, carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios, and de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pool significantly increased with increasing altitude, whereas the stomatal aperture length and total chlorophyll content decreased.

Enhancing the Solubility and Oral Bioavailability of Trimethoprim Through PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Performance.

Trimethoprim (TMP), a sulfonamide antibacterial synergist, is widely used in antimicrobial therapy owing to its broad-spectrum activity and clinical efficacy in treating respiratory, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal infections. However, its application is limited due to poor aqueous solubility, a short elimination half-life (t), and low bioavailability. In this study, we proposed TMP loaded by PEG-PLGA polymer nanoparticles (NPs) to increase its efficacy.