Activity-Based Ubiquitin Probes Capture the Sulfenylated State of Deubiquitinases.

Activity-based ubiquitin probes (Ub-ABPs) are powerful tools for studying the functional landscape of deubiquitinases (DUBs). While most existing Ub probes have focused on examining the native state of DUBs, oxidative stress, especially in cancer and inflammatory contexts, can oxidize the catalytic cysteine of DUBs, significantly altering their activity. Here, we developed three novel ubiquitin-based activity probes (Ub-ABPs) to selectively trap the sulfenylated form of deubiquitinases (DUB-SOH).

Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomative Heck/C-H Activation/[4 + 2] Decarboxylative Cyclization of C2-Tethered Indoles.

We herein report a palladium-catalyzed dearomative Heck/C(sp)-H activation/[4 + 2] decarboxylative cyclization of C2-tethered indoles. In this transformation, the alkylpalladium(II) species generated by indole dearomatization undergoes C-H activation to form ,-palladacycles, which are subsequently trapped by -bromobenzoic acids or cyclic β-bromoacrylic acids, enabling regio- and diastereoselective construction of hexacyclic and octocyclic fused indolines with a broad substrate scope.

The rice cation/calcium exchanger OsCCX2 is involved in calcium signal clearance and osmotic tolerance.

Hyperosmolality-triggered physiological drought hinders plant growth and development, leading to a drop in crop yields. Hyperosmolality triggers calcium signaling, and yet how osmotic-induced calcium signaling participates in cellular osmotic response remains enigmatic. To date, several Ca channels and transporters have been identified to regulate osmotic-induced calcium signal generation (CaSG) or Ca homeostasis.

Functional differentiation of industrial hemp rhizosphere microbiome along environmental gradients.

The southwestern, central, and northeastern regions of China are the primary cultivation areas for industrial hemp. Microorganisms within the soil-root continuum play a crucial role in plant health. However, the mechanisms by which these microbial communities respond to environmental gradients remain unclear.

Identification of a novel variant (c.778A>G) associated with CHOPS syndrome.

CHOPS (cognitive impairment, coarse facies, heart defects, obesity, pulmonary involvement, short stature, and skeletal dysplasia) syndrome is an extremely rare disorder with multiple congenital anomalies caused by missense variants in the ALF transcription elongation factor 4 gene (). This study aimed to identify causative variants in a Chinese family with CHOPS syndrome. A Chinese girl with short stature, obesity, and developmental delay underwent comprehensive clinical and genetic evaluations, including karyotyping analysis, multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification, detection of aberrant methylation, whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and copy number variation analysis, followed by analyses.

Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production has attracted considerable interest in recent years as an eco-friendly and sustainable oxidizing agent. Its versatile applications span environmental protection, energy conversion, and chemical synthesis. Traditional industrial methods for HO production, primarily based on the anthraquinone process, are highly complex and energy-demanding.

Spontaneous recanalization after acute common carotid artery occlusion: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Albeit rare, spontaneous recanalization after common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion is an important medical phenomenon, as it can lead to increased blood flow to the brain tissue, thereby improving cerebral perfusion. However, it also increases the risk of reperfusion injury and distal cerebral embolism.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 54-year-old man who presented with sudden right-sided limb weakness and speech impairment.

Proportions and trends of global adolescent knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking from 1999 to 2019.

Objective: We aimed to assess the recent levels of knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 2010-2019, and to examine trends from 1999 to 2019.

Methods: We used the most recent data from 145 countries/territories (hereafter "countries") that conducted at least one Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) between 2010 and 2019 to assess the current levels of knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking among adolescents aged 12-16 years. And 112 countries that conducted at least three GYTS surveys from 1999 to 2019 were used to assess the trends among adolescents aged 12-16 years over time.

Global burden and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2021, with forecasts to 2050.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a substantial strain on global healthcare systems. This study seeks to offer robust scientific evidence for the effective prevention and management of T2DM globally through a comprehensive analysis of the disease's burden, trends, and risk factors from 1990 to 2021, as well as future trajectories from 2022 to 2050.

Methods: Data for this study were sourced from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Cinnamon Essential Oil Delivery Systems: Preparation Processes, Packaging Forms, and Industrialization Potentials.

Cinnamon essential oil (CEO), recognized for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, is a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. However, its high volatility, low water solubility, and strong odor limit direct application. This review examines advanced delivery systems-including emulsions, nanocarriers, molecular inclusion complexes, microcapsules, and liposomes-designed to enhance CEO stability, mask undesirable flavors, and enable controlled release.

Targeting adipocyte differentiation with CRT0066101: activation of AMPK signaling in 3T3-L1 cells.

Introduction: Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation resulting from adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with adipocyte differentiation being a central process driving these changes.

Methods: The anti-adipogenic effects of CRT0066101 (CRT), a pan-protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor, were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Potential drug targets of CRT were predicted using network pharmacology analysis.

The Influence of Rolling Reduction on the Mechanical, Corrosion, Osteogenic, and Antibacterial Properties of Zn-Mg Alloys.

Biodegradable zinc (Zn) alloys are promising biodegradable metals owing to their appropriate in vivo degradation rate. To address the problem of low mechanical properties of pure Zn, magnesium (Mg) is added into Zn to develop Zn-0.5Mg alloys which are rolled subsequently.

Decoding potential lncRNA and disease associations through graph representation learning and gradient boosting with histogram.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators and promising targets for complex diseases. They have manifested dense relationships with various diseases. Although laboratory techniques have validated many lncRNA-disease associations (LDAs), they are costly, laborious, and time-consuming.

Apelin-13-Mediated Upregulation of METTL3 Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease via Inhibiting Neuroinflammation Through m6A-Dependent Regulation of lncRNA BDNF-AS.

Apelin-13, a neuropeptide, has been recognized for its neuroprotective properties. Our previous study found apelin-13 improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation through upregulation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. However, the precise mechanism by which apelin-13 modulates BDNF remains unclear.

Bromide-Catalyzed Radical Cyclization of Biarylboronic Acids and Se/Te Powder.

Herein, a metal-free and versatile strategy was successfully reported for the divergent synthesis of various functionalized dibenzo[,]selenophenes, dibenzo[,]tellurophenes, and phenoxaselenines in moderate to excellent yields in one-pot. This method utilized commercially available, cheap, and sustainable ammonium bromide as the catalyst to promote the radical cyclization of biarylboronic acids with elemental Se/Te. Comparatively, this method was highlighted by its readily available starting material, broad substrate scope, simple catalytic system, easy operation, good safety, being strongly oxidant-free, and easily scalable.

Deoxynivalenol regulates intestinal and stem cell regeneration via the Hippo pathway and clinical intervention strategies.

This review article examines the molecular pathways through which the environmental contaminant deoxynivalenol (DON) influences the regeneration and renewal of both intestinal tissues and intestinal stem cells via the Hippo Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling cascade, while also exploring possible clinical intervention approaches. To begin, the review outlines the prevalent issue of DON contamination and its adverse effects on gastrointestinal health, underscoring the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of its implications. Subsequently, the discussion focuses on the significance of the Hippo YAP/TAZ pathway in preserving the homeostasis of intestinal stem cells and clarifies the mechanisms by which DON perturbs this essential process.

Spatial-temporal lipidomics reveals dysregulated lipid metabolism in mouse brain during Alzheimer's disease progression.

Introduction: Tracking spatial lipidomic changes during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is crucial for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the disease.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the spatial-temporal lipidomic alterations and their associated metabolic enzyme changes during AD progression.

Methods: The spatial lipidomic changes and corresponding alterations in metabolic enzymes during AD progression in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice were thoroughly analyzed using an advanced ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique, complemented by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging.

Inhibition of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adhesion via aptamers prevents infection in IPEC-J2 cells.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a well-known strain associated with post-weaning diarrhea. Consequently, strategies to prevent and inhibit ETEC infections are critically important. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that exhibit high affinity and specificity for binding to target molecules.

The association between lutein and zeaxanthin intake and multi-level biological aging.

Objective: This study investigates the potential association between lutein and zeaxanthin (LZ) intake, particularly lutein, and biological aging. The study aims to explore how LZ intake affects the biological aging progression, particularly in organs like the liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular system, and explore the potential mechanism of lutein as the main carotenoid mediating this effect.

Methods: We analyzed biological aging using biological age calculations based on data from the NHANES 2007-2015 database.

Functional characteristics of fresh antitumor immune interferer GDF-15 in multiple cancers.

We designed our study with the aim of conducting a comprehensive analysis of the role that GDF-15 plays in pan-cancer. Multiple databases were used to obtain GDF-15 expression. XIANTAO Academic and Sangerbox were utilized to conduct the diagnostic significance of GDF-15 expression across pan-cancer.

Systems pharmacology-based optimization of Ma Xing Shi Gan components for the enhanced treatment of chick health issues caused by infectious bronchitis virus.

Introduction: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) imposes severe economic burdens on the poultry industry, and current treatments face challenges in efficacy and sustainability, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. To address this, this study employed the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform (TCMICS) to collect clinical prescriptions for IBV treatment, based on which two optimized versions of the traditional Chinese medicine Maxing Shigan Decoction (MXSG), namely MXSG-mix1 and MXSG-mix2, were designed. In vitro cell culture and in vivo chicken model experiments were then carried out, including egg testing, clinical symptom observation, immune function analysis, and viral load quantification, to assess the antiviral activity of the optimized formulations.

Interpretable machine learning model for predicting MII oocyte retrieved following controlled ovarian stimulation: a retrospective cohort study of 24,976 IVF/ICSI cycles.

Purpose: Can machine learning effectively predict the number of mature oocytes retrieved after controlled ovarian stimulation in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

Design: This retrospective study included data from 24,976 infertility patients treated between 2018 and 2022 at a single reproductive center. After data preprocessing, feature selection was performed using correlation analysis, LASSO regression, and recursive elimination based on random forest. Eight machine learning models were developed to predict the number of mature oocytes retrieved.

Super-enhancer inhibitors THZ2 and JQ1 reverse temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by suppressing SE-driven SOX9 expression.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant grade of glioma, characterized by high recurrence, poor prognosis, and frequent chemoresistance. There is an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies. In this study, we evaluated the effects of THZ2, a covalent inhibitor targeting the super-enhancer (SE) component CDK7, on GBM growth and chemoresistance.

GDF15-Mediated Regulation of Ferroptosis: Unraveling the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway in Gastric Cancer Development.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent and lethal malignancy. This study aims to investigate the role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in regulating ferroptosis through the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and to elucidate its impact on GC progression. GDF15 levels were assessed via Western blot (WB) analysis in both human gastric mucosal cells and GC cell lines.

GRK2 Orchestrates VSMC Phenotypic Modulation via DNMT1-Mediated DNA Methylation Reprogramming.

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation is responsible for the pathogenesis of hyper-muscularized arterial diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of epigenetic regulation in VSMC fate. However, the mechanisms underlying the precise regulation of the epigenetic machinery in VSMC remain unclear.