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Activity-based ubiquitin probes (Ub-ABPs) are powerful tools for studying the functional landscape of deubiquitinases (DUBs). While most existing Ub probes have focused on examining the native state of DUBs, oxidative stress, especially in cancer and inflammatory contexts, can oxidize the catalytic cysteine of DUBs, significantly altering their activity. Here, we developed three novel ubiquitin-based activity probes (Ub-ABPs) to selectively trap the sulfenylated form of deubiquitinases (DUB-SOH). These probes employ ubiquitin as the recognition element and incorporate distinct warheads: an electrophilic norbornene moiety (Biotin-Ub-NMA) or dimedone-derived cyclic C-nucleophiles (Biotin-Ub-PRD and Biotin-Ub-DYn-2), enabling covalent capture of oxidized cysteine residues. Of these, Biotin-Ub-PRD and Biotin-Ub-DYn-2 successfully labeled DUB-SOH, highlighting the importance of proper probe-substrate interaction for effective trapping. Optimization of the ubiquitin length showed that the Ub74 variant displayed enhanced affinity toward DUB-SOH. Biotin-Ub-DYn-2 enabled enrichment and identification of DUB-SOH targets via immunocapture and label-free quantitative proteomics. Collectively, these sulfenic acid-targeting Ub-ABPs represent versatile tools for elucidating redox-dependent DUB regulation, with potential applications in understanding redox dysregulation in disease contexts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202512311 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Activity-based ubiquitin probes (Ub-ABPs) are powerful tools for studying the functional landscape of deubiquitinases (DUBs). While most existing Ub probes have focused on examining the native state of DUBs, oxidative stress, especially in cancer and inflammatory contexts, can oxidize the catalytic cysteine of DUBs, significantly altering their activity. Here, we developed three novel ubiquitin-based activity probes (Ub-ABPs) to selectively trap the sulfenylated form of deubiquitinases (DUB-SOH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
August 2025
Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
SUMOylation is a post-translation modification responsible for the regulation of many nuclear processes. Dysregulation can lead to various diseases, so the discovery of the mechanisms and players behind the (de)SUMOylation cycle is crucial. Here, we describe a linear SPPS approach to obtain SUMO2/3-based activity probes and their application in assessing the activity of deSUMOylases, ultimately aiding in the identification of small molecules that target this system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.
Chemical dimerizers are synthetic molecules that bring into proximity two or more proteins that do not normally interact with one another. A major application of this technology is to recruit an enzyme to a target protein, resulting in its post-translational modification (PTM). In particular, chemical dimerizer-mediated polyubiquitylation of proteins has garnered an enormous amount of interest as a new drug modality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChembiochem
July 2025
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
The ubiquitin (Ub) system governs vital cellular processes in eukaryotic biology through an intricate network of Ub-protein interactions. While semisynthetic C-terminal Ub electrophiles (UbEs) are widely used to study Ub transfer and deubiquitinase (Dub) activity, they are limited to probing the active site while leaving other functionally important sites unexplored. Building on previously identified multivalent interaction interfaces and potential allosteric sites which are key to understanding their dynamic nature, here we report the development of genetically encoded Ub-based probes to covalently tether Ub-protein interactions in a proximity-driven manner at distal locations away from the active site.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Chem Biol
August 2025
Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, Sc
Chemical proteomics has emerged as a powerful approach to decipher protein function, interactions, and targeted degradation pathways in complex biological systems. Recent advances in chemical labeling strategies, including activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), proximity labeling (PL), and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have facilitated a deeper understanding of protein function and interaction networks. First, ABPP employs covalent probes to selectively label active enzymes, uncovering functional proteomics and drug-target interactions.
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