The role of ASS1 in mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation into mesendoderm lineages.

Background: Argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) is a pivotal enzyme involved in the urea cycle, playing a crucial role in aspartate catabolism, arginine and nitric oxide biosynthesis. These biological processes are crucial for the growth and development of mammals. However, the functions of urea cycle-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) remain largely unclear.

Pd/Attapulgite Core-Shell Structured Catalytic Combustion Gas Sensor for Highly Sensitive Real-Time Methane Detection.

Catalytic combustion gas sensors are critical for safety and environmental monitoring, yet face persistent challenges in sensitivity and detection limits amid expanding market demands. This study innovatively employs attapulgite as a support material functionalized with noble metal catalyst Pd to fabricate a low-cost, high-sensitivity sensor. Characterization (SEM/EDS) confirms a unique Pd/attapulgite core-shell structure with engineered Pd gradient distribution (7.

Integrating Electrostatic Adsorption-Laser Desorption/Ionization-MS with a Derivative Full-Spectrum Internal Standard Approach for Acylcarnitine Quantification in Clinical Samples.

Acylcarnitines (ACs), essential intermediates in fatty acid β-oxidation, are increasingly recognized as biomarkers for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), insulin resistance, heart failure, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and flow injection-mass spectrometry (FI-MS) methods are hindered by complex sample preparation, limited throughput, and matrix interferences. Meanwhile, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS (MALDI-MS) suffers from low-mass background noise and poor reproducibility.

Establishment of sika deer induced pluripotent stem cells.

The sika deer (Cervus nippon) is a large ruminant species of significant commercial value, with antlers used in traditional medicine and meat prized for its nutritional and culinary qualities. In this study, we cultured fibroblasts from sika deer fetal fibroblasts (SDFs) and then reprogrammed them into sika deer induced pluripotent stem cells (SD-iPSCs) using nine exogenous factors (OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, RARG, LRH1 and LARGE T). The resulting SD-iPSCs exhibited to expressed key pluripotent genes, maintained genomic stability, and differentiated into the three germ layers in teratoma assays.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy plus dalpiciclib and exemestane for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: A prospective pilot study.

Background: Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy only result in trivial pathological complete response rates and moderate objective response rates (ORR) in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, more promising alternatives are urgently needed. With proven synergistic effect of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor and radiotherapy in preclinical studies, this pilot study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by dalpiciclib and exemestane in HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.

Methods: This was a single-arm, non-controlled prospective pilot study.

High-throughput LDI MS technology decodes the distinct metabolic landscape of prostate cancer in a large-scale cohort.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading global malignancy, yet current diagnostic reliance on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is limited by suboptimal sensitivity and specificity for early-stage detection. The present study aims to establish an effective high-throughput screening technique for accurate PCa diagnosis.

Methods: A large-scale cohort of 28,892 subjects was considered for inclusion in this study, and 1133 volunteers were finally selected, including 600 healthy controls, 160 patients diagnosed with other diseases of urinary system, 89 patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and 284 PCa patients.

The haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere genome and OMICS analyses reveal genetic responses to tapping in rubber tree.

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the primary source of natural rubber and economically important. We present the haplotype-resolved, telomere-to-telomere, gap-free genome assembly of the cultivar CATAS 7-33-97, with both haplotypes containing complete telomeric and centromeric regions. Structural variations, including a 32.

Ratiometric fluorescence sensing of sialic acid based on dual-emission carbon dots.

Biomolecular detection based on a single fluorescence signal response is often difficult to completely eliminate the influence from interfering factors on the assay results. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence probe was designed based on a dual emission carbon dot (CD). It produces dual-color emission (400 nm blue emission band and 560 nm green emission band) under 360 nm excitation.

Serum Phosphate is a Biomarker for In-hospital and 30-day Mortality in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common disease in emergency and intensive care units; early mortality predictions and intervention are crucial for improving patient prognosis. We investigated the association of serum phosphate with mortality among AP patients using a large public database.

Methods: This was a retrospective study.

Simulation and Analysis of a Novel Hydrogen Liquefaction Process Based on the Liquid Nitrogen and Helium Joule-Brayton Cycle.

To facilitate the design, analysis, and optimization of the hydrogen liquefaction system, this study developed a MATLAB-based independent simulation program encompassing unit equipment models and exergy analysis models. The program incorporated REFPROP software to accurately calculate fluid physical properties and the heat of conversion between ortho- and parahydrogen. The proposed hydrogen liquefaction process utilized LN precooling, the helium Joule-Brayton cryogenic cycle, and a throttle valve to efficiently produce liquid hydrogen.

Ninety percent circular polarization detected in a repeating fast radio burst.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extra-galactic sources with unknown physical mechanisms. They emit millisecond-duration radio pulses with isotropic equivalent energy of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] ergs. This corresponds to a brightness temperature of FRB emission typically reaching the level of [Formula: see text] K, but can be as high as above [Formula: see text] K for sub-microsecond timescale structures, suggesting the presence of underlying coherent relativistic radiation mechanisms.

Free fatty acid receptor-4 regulates T-cell-mediated allogeneic reaction through activating an aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway.

Targeting T-cell is a strategy to control allogeneic response disorders, such as acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) which is an important cause of therapy-failure after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants. Free fatty acid receptor-4 (FFAR4) is a regulator of obesity but its role in T-cell and allogeneic reactions is unknown. Here, we found knockout of in donor T-cells in a mouse allograft model increased acute GVHD whereas the natural FFAR4 ligands and the synthetic FFAR4 agonists decreased it.

Impacts of reproductive systems on grapevine genome and breeding.

Diversified reproductive systems can be observed in the plant kingdom and applied in crop breeding; however, their impacts on crop genomic variation and breeding remain unclear. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a widely planted fruit tree, underwent a shift from dioecism to monoecism during domestication and involves crossing, self-pollination, and clonal propagation for its cultivation.

CXCR4-targeted PET imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: a novel approach for monitoring disease activity and therapeutic response.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease, and early clinical diagnosis is crucial for its treatment. CXCR4 expression was characterized in arthritic mouse models and joints of RA patients, and [ F]AIF-NOTA-QHA-04 specificity was assessed in non-malignant cells with elevated CXCR4 expression. This study explored the application of CXCR4-targeted PET probe [ F]AIF-NOTA-QHA-04 in monitoring disease activity and therapeutic efficacy in RA.

Phased T2T genome assemblies facilitate the mining of disease-resistance genes in .

Grape is an important fruit crop, and its production faces significant threat from diseases, resulting in substantial economic loss. Wild grape relatives are valuable resources for the restoration of disease-resistance loci. However, available resistance loci in wild grape genomes remain largely unexplored.

Impact of polyethylene terephthalate microfibers on histopathological and molecular responses induced by cadmium in the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis.

Heavy metals and microplastics have been found to co-exist in marine sediment environments. Nevertheless, the impact of microplastics on modifying the toxicity of heavy metals to marine benthic organisms remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the impact of polyethylene terephthalate microfibers (PET MFs, 100 μm in diameter, 500 items·kg·dw) on the toxicities and individual/subcellular bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd, 1, 10 and 100 μg g·dw) in the benthic polychaete, Perinereis aibuhitensis, after 28 days of sediment exposure.

Angelicin Inhibits NSCLC Tumor Growth via the Inhibition of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of angelicin on the NSCLC tumor growth.

Background: Accumulating evidence shows that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, making CAFs an increasingly attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Targeted therapies against CAFs have been considered to have the potential to significantly improve cancer treatment outcomes, overcome resistance, and improve immune evasion.

Porous Silicon Particle-Assisted Mass Spectrometry Technology Unlocks Serum Metabolic Fingerprints in the Progression From Chronic Hepatitis B to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy and generally develops from liver cirrhosis (LC), which is primarily caused by the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus. Reliable liquid biopsy methods for HCC screening in high-risk populations are urgently needed. Here, we establish a porous silicon-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (PSALDI-MS) technology to profile metabolite information hidden in human serum in a high throughput manner.

Establishment of MS LOC platform and its pilot application in clinical lipidomics.

Lipidomics has demonstrated significant potential for disease diagnosis and prediction. The development and optimization of a robust mass spectrometry (MS) platform for lipidome analysis is critically important, as it can facilitate biomarker discovery, cohort testing, and performance evaluation in clinical lipidomics studies. In this work, we developed a high-throughput and reliable platform, termed MS Lab on a Chip (MS LOC), which integrates the MetArray chip, an automated lipidomics pretreatment protocol, and the reflectron matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) instrument.

Grapevine pangenome facilitates trait genetics and genomic breeding.

Grapevine breeding is hindered by a limited understanding of the genetic basis of complex agronomic traits. This study constructs a graph-based pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.

Host-microbe interaction-mediated resistance to DSS-induced inflammatory enteritis in sheep.

Background: The disease resistance phenotype is closely related to immunomodulatory function and immune tolerance and has far-reaching implications in animal husbandry and human health. Microbes play an important role in the initiation, prevention, and treatment of diseases, but the mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions in disease-resistant phenotypes are poorly understood. In this study, we hope to uncover and explain the role of microbes in intestinal diseases and their mechanisms of action to identify new potential treatments.

Cadmium exposure promotes inflammation through the PPAR signaling pathway in the small intestine and colon of Hu sheep.

With the increase of cadmium content in the environment, the losses caused by cadmium-induced intestinal diseases to animal husbandry are increasing year by year. However, most of the on-going research activities focus on zoonotic diseases rather than exploring the mechanisms of animal disease occurrence from an anthropogenic environmental perspective. In this study, stressed Hu sheep under cadmium environmental exposure were selected to explore the mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease development.

Integrative genomics reveals the polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapevine.

Seedlessness is a crucial quality trait in table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) breeding. However, the development of seeds involved intricate regulations, and the polygenic basis of seed abortion remains unclear.

SIRT1: a novel regulator in colorectal cancer.

The class-III histone deacetylase SIRT1 is the most extensively investigated sirtuin deacetylase. It is resistant to the broad deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and depends on oxidized nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD). SIRT1 plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of numerous types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC).