Deep learning empowers genomic selection of pest-resistant grapevine.

Crop pests significantly reduce crop yield and threaten global food security. Conventional pest control relies heavily on insecticides, leading to pesticide resistance and ecological concerns. However, crops and their wild relatives exhibit varied levels of pest resistance, suggesting the potential for breeding pest-resistant varieties.

Impacts of reproductive systems on grapevine genome and breeding.

Diversified reproductive systems can be observed in the plant kingdom and applied in crop breeding; however, their impacts on crop genomic variation and breeding remain unclear. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a widely planted fruit tree, underwent a shift from dioecism to monoecism during domestication and involves crossing, self-pollination, and clonal propagation for its cultivation.

The genomic and epigenomic landscapes of hemizygous genes across crops with contrasting reproductive systems.

Hemizygous genes, which are present on only one of the two homologous chromosomes of diploid organisms, have been mainly studied in the context of sex chromosomes and sex-linked genes. However, these genes can also occur on the autosomes of diploid plants due to structural variants (SVs), such as a deletion/insertion of one allele, and this phenomenon largely unexplored in plants. Here, we investigated the genomic and epigenomic landscapes of hemizygous genes across 22 genomes with varying propagation histories: eleven clonal lineages, seven outcrossed samples, and four inbred and putatively homozygous genomes.

Grapevine pangenome facilitates trait genetics and genomic breeding.

Grapevine breeding is hindered by a limited understanding of the genetic basis of complex agronomic traits. This study constructs a graph-based pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.

Integrative genomics reveals the polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapevine.

Seedlessness is a crucial quality trait in table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) breeding. However, the development of seeds involved intricate regulations, and the polygenic basis of seed abortion remains unclear.

Phased telomere-to-telomere reference genome and pangenome reveal an expansion of resistance genes during apple domestication.

The cultivated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a cross-pollinated perennial fruit tree of great economic importance. Earlier versions of apple reference genomes were unphased, fragmented, and lacked comprehensive insights into the apple's highly heterozygous genome, which impeded advances in genetic studies and breeding programs.

Adaptive and maladaptive introgression in grapevine domestication.

Domesticated grapevines spread to Europe around 3,000 years ago. Previous studies have revealed genomic signals of introgression from wild to cultivated grapes in Europe, but the time, mode, genomic pattern, and biological effects of these introgression events have not been investigated. Here, we studied resequencing data from 345 samples spanning the distributional range of wild ( ssp.

Fertility preservation among young breast cancer patients: A single-center experience in China.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the status of fertility preservation (FP) in young breast cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: A clinical database of six women with breast cancer who wished to undergo FP before starting chemotherapy were analyzed between January 2018 and December 2019 in our hospital. Among the six women, three were unmarried and three were married.

Clinical observation of the regeneration process of defects after breast cancer resection.

Background: The present study aims to use two different kinds of filling materials, oxidized regenerated cellulose and gelatin sponge, to repair defects of breast-conserving surgery due to breast cancer, and compare the clinical efficacy, cosmetic effect and complication rate among groups.

Methods: A total of 125 patients, who had breast -conserving surgery due to breast cancer, were enrolled into the present study. Postoperative efficacy was assessed by a doctor and patient, according to the Harvard/NSABP/RTOG Breast Cosmetic Grading Scale.

Concordance of Genomic Alterations between Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Tumor Tissue in Chinese Patients with Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) served as a noninvasive method with less side effects using peripheral blood. Given the studies on concordance rate between liquid and solid biopsies in Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients were limited, we sought to examine the concordance rate of different kinds of genomic alterations between paired tissue biopsies and ctDNA samples in Chinese BC cohorts.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we analyzed the genomic alteration profiles of 81 solid BC samples and 41 liquid BC samples.

Coexpression of and Genes From Enhances Pathogen Resistance in Poplar by Increasing the Flavonoid Content.

Secondary metabolites of the flavonoid pathway participate in plant defense, and bHLH and MYB transcription factors regulate the synthesis of these metabolites. Here, we define the regulatory mechanisms in response to pathogens. Two transcription factors from var.

Genome-Wide Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Responses to Salt Stress in Two Closely Related Poplars.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological regulatory processes, but their roles in plants resistance to salt stress remain largely unknown. To systematically explore the characteristics of lncRNAs and their roles in plant salt responses, we conducted strand-specific RNA-sequencing of four tissue types with salt treatments in two closely related poplars ( and var. ), and a total of 10,646 and 10,531 lncRNAs were identified, respectively.

[The expression and clinical significance of Wnt-1 induced secreted protein-1 in breast carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the expression of Wnt-1 induced secreted protein-1 (WISP-1) between breast cancer and paired normal breast tissues and to explore the significance of WISP-1 in breast cancer tumorigenesis.

Methods: The mRNA and protein expressions of WISP-1 in human breast cancer were measured by Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining and further analyzed the relationship between WISP-1 expression and clinic pathologic characters.

Results: WISP-1 expression in breast cancer was higher than that in normal breast tissue (P = 0.

[Association of polymorphisms of N372H in BRCA2 gene and 135G/C in RAD51 gene and breast cancers].

Objective: To determine the associations between the polymorphisms of N372H in BRCA2 gene and 135G/C in RAD51 gene and breast cancers.

Methods: The allele and genotype frequencies of N372H in BRCA2 gene and 135G/C in RAD51 gene were analyzed with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 71 women with breast cancers and 85 normal, women.

Results: The women with breast cancers had higher frequencies of genotype HH of the N372H locus in BRCA2 gene than the normal women.

[Using MSR model to analyze the impact of gene-gene interaction with related to the genetic polymorphism of metabolism enzymes on the risk of breast cancer].

Objective: To identify the interactions of susceptive genes with related to the genetic polymorphism of metabolism enzymes (CYP1A1, GSTT1 and GSTM1) and their impacts on the risk of breast cancer; and to test the feasibility of using Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) model in analyzing gene-gene interactions.

Methods: A paired case-control study, matched by age and menstruate state, was conducted. From December 2003 to September 2004, 78 pairs of people with and without breast cancers were investigated.