Explainable artificial intelligence for predicting inflammatory signatures and spatial molecular heterogeneity from nasal polyp histology.

Background: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by diverse inflammatory signatures and endotypes.

Objective: To develop a histology-based deep learning network for predicting inflammatory gene signatures and spatial patterns in CRSwNP.

Methods: We developed HE2Signature, a deep learning model, using 70 H&E-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) of nasal polyps paired with corresponding endotypic signature gene expression profiles derived from transcriptomic data.

Influences of environmental and leaf functional traits variations on photosynthetic characteristics of in Xinglong Mountain.

Background And Aims: Slope aspect affects the redistribution of solar radiation and precipitation, altering habitat conditions such as temperature, water availability, and soil nutrient composition. However, the impact of slope-induced environmental changes on the synergistic relationship between plant photosynthetic characteristics and leaf functional traits remains underexplored.

Methods: Four plots of (C.

[Construction and evaluation of a cell model simulating the change of testicular microenvironment mediated by hypoxic and high-pressure conditions in varicocele mice].

Objective： Varicocele (VC) induces male infertility by mediating changes in the testicular microenvironment, in which testicular hypoxia and high-pressure are important pathological conditions. This study aims to compare the mouse spermatogenesis (GC-2spd) cells and Sertoli (TM4) cells of mouse testis after hypoxic modeling and hypoxic and high-pressure combined modeling, and to explore the feasibility of establishing a hypoxic and high-pressure combined cell model. Methods： On the basis of cell hypoxia induced by CoCl2, the complex model of testicular cell hypoxia and high pressure was constructed by changing the osmotic pressure of GC-2 and TM4 cell medium with a high concentration of NaCl solution.

Agreement Between Self-Reported and Proxy-Reported Pain in Veterans With Advanced Heart Failure.

BackgroundSelf-reported pain is frequently reported among patients with advanced heart failure (aHF). Agreement between patients' pain assessment and their proxies have shown inconsistent results. We examined agreement between documented patient self-report and family-reported pain scores for Veterans with aHF towards the end of life (EOL).

Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure.

Background: Heart failure remains a major public health issue, and there are still no reliable biomarkers for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Objective: To screen for differential metabolites in the blood of HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF patients based on metabolomics analysis of their blood samples.

Methods: Total 44 patients in HFpEF group, 30 patients in HFmrEF group, and 36 patients in HFrEF group were selected.

[Expert consensus on evaluation index system construction for new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) from TCM clinical practice in medical institutions].

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators.

DAPK1 induces motor neuron apoptosis in hSOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via regulating the Xiap/JNK pathway.

Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is critically involved in regulating cell death in various neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of DAPK1 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of DAPK1 significantly increased in ALS, showing a negative correlation with miR-501-3p.

The Geriatric Emergency Care Applied Research Standardization Study (GEARSS): An Observational Study of Older Emergency Department Patients.

Objectives: Multicenter research of geriatric emergency department (GED) care remains limited. Our objectives were to: 1. Prospectively collect data prioritized by the Geriatric Emergency care Applied Research (GEAR) network, a transdisciplinary taskforce for GED care, and create a multicenter GED research repository of prospective and electronic health record (EHR) data, 2.

A New Insight Into the Structure-Activity Relationship of Antifreeze Activity in Bovine Hide Collagen Peptides: Based on Molecular Weight Differences.

This study investigates the structure-activity relationship between molecular weights and antifreeze activity in collagen peptides derived from bovine hide collagen. The peptides were prepared using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis technology, followed by ultrafiltration fractionation (unsized (US), <1 kDa, 1-3 kDa, and >3 kDa). The antifreeze activity and structural characteristics of collagen peptides with different molecular weights were determined.

YouTube and Bilibili as sources of information on oral cancer: cross-sectional content analysis study.

This study aims to evaluate the informational quality of oral cancer-related videos on YouTube and Bilibili. A total of 300 oral videos that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for analysis. The selection comprised 150 videos from 111 uploaders on YouTube and 150 videos from 134 uploaders on Bilibili.

Quantifying Protein-Glycan Interactions Using Native Mass Spectrometry.

Interactions between glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and carbohydrates (glycans) are essential to many biological processes relevant to human health and disease. For most GBPs, however, their glycan interactome-the repertoire of glycans recognized and their specificities-is poorly defined. The structural diversity of biologically relevant glycans and their limited availability in purified form, as well as their varied presentation, often as glycoconjugates, and weak affinities are key challenges hindering comprehensive glycan interaction mapping.

Assessing the impacts of climate anomalies on plague risk in China during 1754-1949.

Plague, a disease influenced by climatic and social factors, has historically caused devastating disasters in China. However, limited data availability has hindered our understanding of the relationship between climate, social conditions, and plague. Here we address a critical data gap by collecting and digitizing county-level plague grade data from China during 1754-1949 together with socio-climatic factors.

Detection of emergency department patients at risk of dementia through artificial intelligence.

Introduction: The study aimed to develop and validate the Emergency Department Dementia Algorithm (EDDA) to detect dementia among older adults (65+) and support clinical decision-making in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: In a multisite retrospective study of 759,665 ED visits, electronic health record data from Yale New Haven Health (2014-2022) were used to train three supervised and semi-unsupervised positive-unlabeled machine learning models (XGBoost, Random Forest, LASSO). A separate test set of 400 ED encounters underwent adjudicated chart review for validation.

Cardiac magnetic resonance and genetics in pediatric heart failure patients with nonischemia: prognostic implications.

Background: The associations among genetic variants, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features, and prognostic factors of pediatric heart failure (HF) remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between genetic differences in pediatric HF and CMR findings and their impact on prognosis of HF in children.

Methods: This retrospective study included children with a first-time diagnosis of HF.

COMM domain containing 4 inhibits hephaestin and ferroportin to enhance neuronal ferroptosis by disturbing the Cu-Fe balance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Dysregulation of copper and iron homeostasis contributes to the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the role and mechanism of COMM domain containing 4 (COMMD4) in ALS remains unclear. In this research, we showed that the expression of COMMD4 was upregulated in ALS cells and animal models. The increased COMMD4 induced neuronal ferroptosis by disrupting the Cu-Fe balance.

Dissolution of zero-valent Al and its structural transformation in chloride molten salts.

Molten salts are extensively used in the aluminum production and recycling industries. In this study, we discovered that metallic Al can directly dissolve into molten salts in its zero-valent state, forming nanoclusters-an unusual phenomenon as metals typically dissolve in molten salts in various oxidation states due to corrosion. The dissolved Al can gradually oxidize due to water or oxygen impurities during its diffusion within the molten salts.

Analysis of Genotypes and Phenotypes in Chinese Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Harboring Novel Variants of TSC1 and TSC2 Genes.

This study aimed to assess the pathogenicity of newly identified tuberous sclerosis Complex 1 (TSC1) and TSC2 variants, contributing definitive evidence for the diagnosis of TSC. A total of 103 TSC patients underwent TSC genetic testing using standardized protocols, and genetic testing was extended to their respective families. Analysis of genetic testing results considered clinical phenotype and gene pathogenicity based on the 2012 revision of the International Society of TSC.

The Longitudinal Course of Physical Activity Behavior Poststroke and Its Variation Across Subgroups: The Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke Study.

Importance: Despite its importance as a modifiable target poststroke, the longitudinal course of physical activity (PA) is not fully understood.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the course of poststroke PA behavior from 3 to 36 months and identify subgroups with different PA patterns using multi-trajectory modeling.

Design: A prospective multicenter cohort study design was used.

The prognostic value of growth pattern-based grading for mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of expansile and infiltrative growth patterns in mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 1, 2010, and September 6, 2024, examining the correlation between expansile and infiltrative tumor growth patterns and prognosis in MOC. Subgroup analyses were performed for mortality, recurrence, and FIGO stage I based on tumor subtype.

[Effects of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on spermatogenesis and oxidative stress in oligoasthenospermia rats].

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) with different frequencies on spermatogenic function, testicular morphology and oxidative stress in oligoasthenospermia (OAT) rats, and to explore the mechanism and the optimal parameters of EA for OAT.

Methods: Sixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into a solvent control group, a model group, a 2 Hz EA group, a 100 Hz EA group and a 2 Hz/100 Hz EA group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the solvent control group, the other 4 groups were administered ornidazole suspension (800 mg·kg·d) by gavage for 28 d to establish the OAT model.

Revealing the Potential of Solamargine for Anti Metastasis and Angiogenesis Inhibition in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major global health issue, especially in Southeast Asia. Solamargine (SM), an alkaloid from natural plants, inhibits various cancer cells. This study evaluates SM's effects on invasion, migration, EMT markers, angiogenesis, and related pathways in the NPC-specific C666-1 cell line.

Structural basis of ZP2-targeted female nonhormonal contraception.

Monoclonal antibody IE-3 prevents mouse fertilization by binding ZP2, a major component of the oocyte-specific zona pellucida (ZP). We show that an IE-3-derived single-chain variable fragment (scFV) is sufficient for blocking fertilization in vitro and determine the structural basis of IE-3/ZP2 recognition. The high affinity of this interaction depends on induced fit of the epitope, offering insights for nonhormonal contraceptive design without off-target effects.