The effects of three physical modifications on the structural and functional characteristics of soluble dietary fibers: comparison among ultrasound, ball milling and cold plasma treatments.

This work studied three physical modifications, including ultrasound (US), ball-milling (BM), and cold plasma (CP) on Flammulina velutipes soluble dietary fibres (FV-SDF) regarding the structural and functional properties. Interestingly, BM was indicated to cause the most changes in SDF molecular structures among three modifications, refining surface morphology, significantly decreasing molecular weight, and exposing polar functional groups. This contributed to the greatly modified solubility and decreased viscosity of FV-SDF treated by BM that exerted a strong shear force onto SDF.

Deficiency of Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 4 in Pancreas Reduces β Cell Mass.

Although leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) is abundantly expressed in the pancreas, it is currently unknown whether LGR4 impacts pancreatic endocrine cells. Here, a critical role of LGR4 is demonstrated in islet β cell mass using a group of transgenic mice with LGR4 deficiency. Knock-out of Lgr4 in the pancreas and islet β cells significantly reduced islet β cell mass, and subsequently impaired glucose metabolism upon the challenge of a high-fat diet.

Design method for bionic topology optimization of high-specific-stiffness mirrors based on additive manufacturing.

Aiming at the demand for high-specific stiffness of space optical mirrors, this study proposes a bionic topology optimization design method for mirrors based on additive manufacturing. First, the principle and process of the Voronoi structure bionic topology optimization method are presented. The optimal design and analysis of the mirrors were then conducted using this method.

Wearable electrochemical immunosensor based on ultra-thin flexible stainless steel sheets for detection of methyl jasmonate in tomato leaves.

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a key plant hormone, plays essential roles in plant growth, development, biotic stress responses, and wound-induced defense. Monitoring dynamic changes in MeJA in situ is vital for botanical research. Herein, coupling with paper-based analytical devices, the ultra-thin flexible stainless steel sheets with the excellent flexibility and conductivity were used to develop wearable electrochemical immunosensor for in situ and continuous detection of MeJA in plants.

Polysaccharides Mitigate Alzheimer's Disease Progression by Dynamic Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolites.

polysaccharides (CDPS) exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, most notably in immune modulation, anti-oxidation, and gut microbiota regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that restoring gut microbial and metabolic homeostasis may decelerate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of CDPS in the context of AD remain incompletely understood.

Psychological Distress and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Post-PCI Acute Myocardial Infarction: Risk Profiling and Management Implications.

ObjectiveThis study examined the correlation between psychological status and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Based on these results, health management strategies were discussed.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in 200 AMI patients who underwent PCI between January 2020 and December 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in China.

Physical field excitation to modify Cyperus esculentus starch and its complex with EGCG: Multiscale structural changes and digestive behavior.

Starch-polyphenol modify starch structural and functional properties while enhancing polyphenol stability and bioavailability. Therefore, this study examined the complexation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with Cyperus esculentus starch (CES) modified with dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) and microwave (MW). The results revealed that EGCG formed non-inclusion complexes with CES through hydrogen bonding, occupying hydroxyl sites between starch chains and disrupting intra- and intermolecular interactions.

Synergy of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and fructooligosaccharide in enhancement of the intestinal mucus barrier by relieving ER stress and regulating the gut microbiome.

The impairment of the intestinal barrier and the high incidence of gastrointestinal diseases can be caused by poor dietary patterns, such as long-term high-fat diets. The mucous layer, composed of mucin-2-based glycoproteins, is important for the intestinal barrier. Mucins are secreted by the goblet cells (GC), which are highly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Bioactivity and probiotic potential of bound polyphenols in insoluble and soluble dietary fibers from mango peel during in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation.

The bound phenolics (BPs) in dietary fiber (DF) form a natural delivery system due to fiber indigestibility, yet their gastrointestinal release kinetics and role in DF-mediated gut microbiota regulation remain unclear. This study extracted soluble and insoluble DF from mango peel to systematically investigate BPs content and composition, gastrointestinal release patterns, and microbiota-modulating effects. Results revealed BPs content of 15.

Characterization of dip effect on strength for gently inclined rock pillar.

In underground mining operations, rock pillars play a crucial role as load-bearing elements whose structural integrity exhibits strong correlation with the inclination angle of the ore deposit. While the dip effect on pillar strength is widely acknowledged, quantifying this effect remains challenging. This study addresses this issue through theoretical and numerical approaches.

The influence of chronic exposure to violent virtual avatars on players' aggressive behavior: An ERP study.

Short-term exposure to virtual avatars in violent video games has a short-term effect on players' aggressive behavior, but few studies have focused on the effect of chronic exposure to virtual avatars in violent video games on players' aggressive behavior, and its cognitive neural mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to virtual avatars on players' aggressive behavior in violent video games and its cognitive neural mechanism. 54 undergraduates were selected (27 participants with violent virtual avatars exposure) to complete a competitive reaction time task, during which participants' EEG were recorded.

Global transcriptome characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals with chronic HIV infection.

Background: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), resulting from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, is one of the most severe infectious diseases worldwide. The current state of prevention and control remains critical. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the significant role of cellular metabolism in regulating immune responses and managing infections.

Smartphone-based electrochemical microsensor in combination with internet of things for remote monitoring of salicylic acid in plant.

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone that not only regulates many physiological processes and immunity of plants, but also reflects the health status of plants. Therefore, developing a portable, in-situ and real-time, and remote SA monitoring system is very important to smart agricultural monitoring and early warning of plant health. Herein, we developed a detection system consists of a sensitive and portable electrochemical microsensors, miniature electrochemical devices, smartphones equipped with applications, and Internet of Things perform, which not only can obtain monitoring of the SA dynamic changes in tomato leaves in-situ and real-time, but also achieve remote monitoring and data sharing.

Cardiac Injury Regulates Neuroinflammation Through Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Heart-Brain Crosstalk.

Cognitive impairment is common in heart failure patients, contributing to morbidity and mortality. This impairment may be linked to neuroinflammation in heart failure. However, the primacy of the heart-brain axis remains to be completely understood.

INNSE: Invertible neural network-based DNA image storage with self-correction encoding.

DNA storage has become an alternative to silicon-based storage of media. However, when used to store multimodal data such as images, it fails to take full advantage of the characteristics of high correlation and variability present in such data, and currently remains inferior in terms of encoding density and time complexity. It also has the shortcoming of weak performance in terms of error correction methods to address insertion and deletion errors caused by error crosstalk.

Phase 1 first-in-human dose-escalation study of IMSA101, a novel cyclic di-nucleotide STING agonist, for patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies.

Background: Despite progress in cancer therapeutics, there remains an unmet need for treatment of advanced solid tumors. The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in innate antitumor immunity processes. IMSA101 is a small molecule analog of cGAMP and a potent STING agonist.

Chicoric Acid Differentially Ameliorates Circadian Rhythm Disorder-Induced Liver Glucose Homeostasis Dysregulation in Mice Depending on Intervention Time.

Dietary phenolic compounds have demonstrated significant potential in preventing shift-work-induced metabolic dysregulation. Meanwhile, chrononutrition has revealed that the intake time of these compounds is closely related to human health. This study explored the effects and potential mechanism of the intervention time of chicoric acid on the improvement of glucose metabolism in a mouse model of the circadian rhythm disorder.

Efficacy and safety of doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV treatment: a real-world single-center study in China.

Background: The single-tablet regimen Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF) has been included in international guidelines and recommendations and was approved by China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in early 2021 for adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections. This study presents real-world results of a retrospective analysis of patients who initiated DOR/3TC/TDF at a Chinese HIV center.

Methods: This retrospective analysis was carried out on patients who received DOR/3TC/TDF (initial or switch) at the outpatient clinic of the Infection Center in Beijing Youan Hospital in China.

First-line toripalimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as a first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from the perspective of U.S. healthcare payers.

Rapid screening plate of cadmium-chelating activity based on a quaternary complex of Cd(II)-Chrome azurol S CAS-2,2'-dipyridyl dipy-cetylpyridinium bromide CPB.

Heavy metal ions, such as Cd, Hg, Pb, and As, tend to persist in soil without natural degradation and can be absorbed by crops, leading to the accumulation of agricultural products that pose a significant threat to human health. However, the development of a rapid and efficient technique for identifying heavy metals in agricultural products is essential to ensure health and safety. With the knowledge of the extent of damage caused by heavy metals, it becomes imperative to detect the presence of cadmium in the soil, water, and the environment.

Intestinal Epithelial-Derived Exosomes Under Cold Stimulation Promote Adipose Thermogenesis.

: Whether intestinal epithelial cells can regulate distant adipose tissue remains a mystery. : Cold-stimulated intestinal epithelial cell-derived exosomes (Cold IEC-Exo) play a pivotal role in enhancing adipose thermogenesis and metabolic homeostasis, as demonstrated in this study. : IEC-Exo can accumulate in adipose tissue.

Inhibition of Dectin-1 alleviates inflammation in early diabetic retinopathy by regulating microglia phenotype.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major factor in vision loss in diabetic patients, triggering a series of pathological changes. At present, the treatment methods for diabetic retinopathy are limited. There is an urgent need to further explore its mechanism to bring more treatment options to patients.