Association Between Exercise Behavior Stages and Obesity Transition in Children and Adolescents: A Nationwide Follow-Up Study.

To examine the association between stages of exercise behavior change, as defined by the transtheoretical model (TTM), and obesity progression among Chinese children and adolescents, with attention to gender and urban-rural differences. A total of 5006 Chinese children and adolescents aged 9-18 years were assessed in 2019 and followed up in 2020. Participants were categorized into five TTM stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Risk factors and outcome of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide prospective and observational study of 939 hospitals in China.

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest represents a global health challenge characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is increasingly considered as an effective treatment for cardiac arrest; however, its application remains a subject of debate. Furthermore, limited studies have analysed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) populations within the same context.

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation catheter related superior vena cava syndrome without pre-existing stenosis in an adult patient: a case report.

Background: The use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) for severe adult respiratory failure is rapidly increasing worldwide. To date, no studies have documented early-onset superior vena cava (SVC) stenosis caused solely by ECMO cannula placement in adults without pre-existing anatomical abnormalities, leading to SVC syndrome.

Case Presentation: We report the first case of SVC syndrome in an adult patient with pre-existing SVC angulation, exacerbated by cannula placement during VV ECMO therapy.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Indoor Air Pollution and Its Association with Depressive Symptoms Among Schoolchildren in China.

Despite spending a substantial proportion of their time indoors, the mental health effects of indoor air pollution on children and adolescents remain inadequately explored. This study aimed to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and sociodemographic inequalities in exposure to multiple indoor pollutants and to assess their potential associations with depressive symptoms among school-aged children in Beijing. Using real-time portable monitors, concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM), coarse particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), temperature, and humidity in classrooms and bedrooms were measured during both weekdays and weekends.

Burden and risk factors of premature drowning mortality in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2021.

Drowning ranks as the third leading cause of unintentional injury deaths globally. We conducted a systematic analysis of drowning mortality and its associated risk factors. Data on mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), and risk factors related to drowning (ICD-10 codes W65-74) from 204 countries and territories between 1980 and 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

The Spatial Proximity of CD8 FoxP3PD-1 Cells to Tumor Cells: A More Accurate Predictor of Immunotherapy Outcomes in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: To optimize precision immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC, comprehensive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characterization is crucial for efficacy prediction.

Methods: Pretreatment tumor samples from 46 advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were analyzed. The subregional abundance and spatial proximity scores of TIME cell subpopulations in 27 samples were assessed via multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) targeting pan-CK, CD163, CD8, FoxP3, PD-1, and PD-L1.

Dual associations of post-sleep and pre-wake light-at-night (LAN) exposure with myopia in children and adolescents.

Objective: To analyze the association between indoor light at night (LAN) exposure with myopia in children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 involving 872 students aged 6-14 years in Beijing, China. Portable photometers continuously measured indoor LAN exposure over four nights.

Spatial-temporal analysis and spatial drivers of childhood obesity in China from 1985 to 2019.

Objective: We characterized the spatial-temporal trends of obesity among Chinese children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 and examined the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) patterns.

Methods: Using data from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) conducted between 1985 and 2019, featuring seven cross-sectional surveys, we employed spatial-temporal analysis methods and collected 23 obesity-related variables to identify SDOH patterns. A general linear regression model investigated associations between SDOH patterns and obesity prevalence.

Sulfur dioxide-releasing nanomotors improve the therapeutic effect of liver fibrosis by restoring the fenestrae of sinusoids.

The dual barriers formed by the capillarized liver sinusoids and excessive deposited extracellular matrix (ECM) significantly impede the retention of therapeutic agents in the fibrotic liver. Currently, there are limited reports on strategies capable of simultaneously overcoming these barriers. Here, we propose sulfur dioxide (SO)-releasing nanomotors based on endogenous in vivo reactions to restore the fenestrae of sinusoids and degrade ECM by activating the endogenous signaling pathway to improve the retention of therapeutic agents in the damaged liver.

Current situation and effectiveness of palliative care training for staff in an emergency care medical consortium hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The emergency department (ED), usually deemed not the most frequent setting for palliative care (PC), has increasingly been mentioned for its potential critical role in end-of-life patient care. However, how the training affects PC performance remains to be investigated. This study aims to investigate the current PC standard of care and effectiveness of PC training in a Chinese emergency care medical consortium hospital.

Short-term exposure to PM and high pollution events on depressive symptoms among adolescents.

Association between short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and adolescent depressive symptoms is an under-investigated area and is worthy of further research. Based on a government surveillance data for 195,687 Chinese adolescents, the mixed-effects logistic regression combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the cumulative effect of PM exposure on depressive symptoms. In addition, high pollution events were defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs) and the Chinese ambient air quality standards, and the associations of increased high pollution events with depressive symptoms and the associated excess risk were estimated.

Gallbladder and liver miliary nodules: a surprising diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) presenting as miliary nodules on the gallbladder and liver is extremely rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges. This report describes a case of disseminated TB discovered during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old male presented with decreased appetite, weight loss, and fever.

Design and Evaluation of a Soft Knee Exosuit for Reducing Knee Medial Compartment Load During Walking.

The knee joint experiences substantial moment in the frontal plane during walking, with the medial compartment bearing a greater load, potentially contributing to the development of knee osteoarthritis. The knee adduction moment (KAM) is a critical factor in this process. In this study, we introduce a novel knee exosuit that directly provides an abduction moment in the frontal plane by cable actuation, aiming to reduce the KAM and the knee medial compartment load.

Therapeutic targets in aging-related osteoarthritis: A focus on the extracellular matrix homeostasis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a globally prevalent degenerative bone diseases and is the primary contributors to pain and disability among middle-aged and elderly people, thereby imposing significant social and economic burdens. When articular cartilage is in the aging environment, epigenetic modifications, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction lead to cell senescence. Chondrocyte senescence has been identified as a pivotal event in this metabolic dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Consistency between metagenomic next-generation sequencing versus traditional microbiological tests for infective disease: systemic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pathogen identification is essential in sepsis and septic shock. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a novel pathogen detection method with several advantages over traditional tests. However, the consistency between mNGS and traditional pathogen tests requires further investigation.

Could physical activity promote indicators of physical and psychological health among children and adolescents? An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Background: We performed an umbrella review to synthesize evidence on the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on indicators of physical and psychological health among children and adolescents, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), depressive symptoms, and cognitive function.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception through 31 July 2023. We included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of PA interventions on BMI, BP, depressive symptoms, or cognitive function in healthy or general children and adolescents.

The impact of long-term exposure to NO, O, and their oxidative potential on adolescents' mental health, and the protective role of school-based greenness.

Recent increases in nitrogen dioxide (NO) and ozone (O), two highly reactive and oxidative pollutants, have raised concerns about their potential impact on adolescent mental health. This study leveraged data from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in 2019, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of Chinese adolescents. A total of 149,697 adolescents aged 10-18 years were included in this study.

Automatic retinal image analysis methods using colour fundus images for screening glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Objectives: Train an automatic retinal image analysis (ARIA) method to screen glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) on non-mydriatic retinal images labelled with the additional results of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and assess different models for the GON classification.

Methods: All the images were obtained from the hospital for training and 10-fold cross-validation. Two methods were used to improve the classification performance: (1) using images labelled with the additional results of OCT as the reference standard and (2) generating models using retinal features from the entire images, the region of interest (ROI) of the optic disc, and the ROI of the macula, and the combination of all the features.

Mapping Adolescent Mental Well-Being - 30 PLADs, China, 2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: High levels of mental well-being are linked to favorable life outcomes. Nonetheless, compared to the research on psychiatric disorders, the understanding of mental well-being among Chinese adolescents is still relatively underexplored.

What Is Added By This Report?: This report fills a significant void in the literature concerning the mental well-being of Chinese adolescents by providing updated data.

Management and treatment of severe immune-related hepatotoxicity based on clinical and pathological characteristics.

Background: The management of severe immune-related hepatotoxicity (irH) needs to be further optimized. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of severe irH; improve the therapeutic strategy, especially salvage treatment in steroid-refractory irH; and determine the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPi)-rechallenge.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included patients who developed severe irH and those without irH after immunotherapy between May 2019 and June 2023.

[Status and pathways of factors influencing physical activity time among elementary and junior high school students in Beijing].

Objective: To describe the current distribution of daily physical activity time among elementary and junior high school students in Beijing, and to analyze the influencing factors and pathways at the individual, family, school and community levels.

Methods: Data were drawn upon from a cross-sectional investigation in Beijing in 2023, and a total of 3 157 elementary and junior high school students were included in the final analysis. Questionnaire was used to collect data on basic characteristics, overall and in-school physical activity time per day, the number of sports mastered, perceived physical activity benefits and barriers scales, perceived family, school, and community physical activity supportive environment scales.

Association between BMI and age at menarche or spermarche among both sexes: Findings from six successive national surveys in China.

Background: To explore trends of the association between body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche or spermarche and its urban-rural disparities from 1995 to 2019.

Methods: A total of 912 753 children and adolescents - including 519 940 9-18 years old girls and 392 813 11-18 years old boys - were involved in six successive cross-sectional surveys conducted across 30 provinces in China from 1995 to 2019. Data on menarche and spermarche was collected using the status quo method, where same-gender physicians conducted face-to-face interviews to determine if children and adolescents had experienced their first menstrual cycle or ejaculation (yes/no).