Knockdown of Clavesin family genes NlClvs1l, NlClvs1t, and NlClvs2l in Nilaparvata lugens reveals their potential as novel targets for pest control strategies.

The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most destructive pests of rice, and its management has primarily relied on chemical insecticides. Currently, the chemical management of BPH is facing challenges due to the development of pesticide resistance. RNA interference (RNAi) provides attractive alternative to chemical insecticides, provided that suitable target genes are identified.

Cyetpyrafen, chlorfenapyr and spirodiclofen affect the olfactory recognition of Dastarcus helophoroides by acting on DhelOBP4 and DhelOBP21.

The pine-forest guardian Dastarcus helophoroides mainly rely on olfaction to locate its host accurately and interact socially. Odorant binding proteins of D. helophoroides play an important role in olfactory recognition and transporting odors to olfactory receptors to trigger signal transduction.

Synergistic disruption of detoxification, immunity, and neural pathways in honeybees following co-exposure to cyantraniliprole and difenoconazole.

The diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole (CYA) and the triazole fungicide difenoconazole (DIF) are frequently co-detected in bee-related matrices. However, the interactive effects of these compounds on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) physiology remain insufficiently elucidated.

Divergent roles of AaOS1 and AaOS2 in procymidone resistance and pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata from tobacco.

Tobacco brown spot disease (TBSD), is a severe leaf disease caused by Alternaria alternata, and its management heavily relies on dicarboximide fungicides. This study analyzed procymidone, a dicarboximide fungicide, resistance in 96 strains of A. alternata isolated from tobacco in Guizhou Province.

Multi-scale convolutional attention GRU network combined with improved CARS strategy to determine key elements in ores by XRF.

Background: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology is a promising method for estimating the metal element content in ores, which helps in understanding ore composition and optimizing mining and processing strategies. However, due to the presence of a large number of redundant features in XRF spectra, traditional quantitative analysis models struggle to effectively capture the nonlinear relationship between element concentration and spectral information of XRF, making it more difficult to accurately predict metal element concentrations. Thus, analyzing ore element concentrations by XRF remains a significant challenge.

Homologous nanocellulose modification: A "like cures like" strategy against coffee-ring and infiltration effects in paper-based colorimetric detection.

Background: While paper-based colorimetric assays have seen significant progress in recent years, persistent challenges including the coffee-ring effect and infiltration effect continue to affect the color uniformity of detection results, leading to decreased sensitivity and accuracy of the detection. Recent advancements in suppressing these two effects mainly depend on chemical modification of cellulose fibers or application of specific functional coatings. However, the former's complex procedures impede large-scale implementation, while the latter's non-cellulosic additives risk unpredictable interactions with analytes or interference in colorimetric reactions.

ZnCl inhibits postharvest disease on pear and crabapple by inducing autophagy of Penicillium expansum.

Penicillium expansum is a phytopathogen causing postharvest disease of many fruits, which has led to enormous losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to take efficient methods to control this notorious phytopathogen. In this study, zinc, an essential trace element for human body, has been found to be able to effectively inhibit the P.

The Optimal Adjuvant Reinfusion Strategy for Aplastic Anemia: Umbilical Cord Blood or Mesenchymal Stem Cells? A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure disorder treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Despite improvements in conditioning regimens and GVHD prophylaxis, graft failure and GVHD remain critical challenges. This study compared the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and umbilical cord blood cells (UCBs) as adjunctive therapies in 184 AA patients undergoing allo-HSCT.

Deciphering the genetic regulation of flowering time in rapeseed for early-maturation breeding.

Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptability of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land, thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.

Gratitude increases the sharing willingness to micro-charity information: An fNIRS study.

Micro-charity, with its ease of dissemination, is an effective way to support public welfare. Gratitude has been shown to promote prosocial behavior. However, its specific role in driving micro-charity sharing, particularly the underlying neural correlates, remains unclear.

HIF-1α in glioblastoma multiforme cells: Mechanisms involving the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly progressing brain malignancy, with its progression closely tied to a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) acts as a vital regulator in tumor adaptation to low oxygen levels, and its relationship with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway exerts significant functions in the malignant properties of GBM. In this research, Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to check β-catenin and HIF-1α expression in GBM.

Construction of environmentally friendly multifunctional core-shell flame retardant and its application in flame retardant polylactic acid.

The flammability and poor ultraviolet (UV) aging resistance of polylactic acid (PLA) limit its applications outdoors and in fields requiring flame retardancy. To address these limitations, this study designed ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the core, the biopolymer chitosan (CS) as the inner shell, and lignin (LK) as the outer shell. CS and LK are deposited on the surface of APP via electrostatic interaction in the aqueous phase to prepare a core-shell structure flame retardant APP@CS@LK with anti-UV aging properties.

Comparison of ferulic acid-crosslinked anthocyanins-fish gelatin-based intelligent hydrogels and films: Characterization and application.

Fish gelatin (FG) is a biopolymer with favorable biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and water retention, making it ideal for films, hydrogels, and bio-based applications. This study aimed to comparatively investigate the FG based intelligent films and hydrogels for monitoring shrimp freshness. Intelligent films and hydrogels were prepared using FG as a macromolecular matrix, incorporating ferulic acid (FA)-crosslinked anthocyanin (ACN) as an indicator, and enhanced with polysaccharides (κ-carrageenan (κC), xanthan glucomannan (XG), and konjac glucomannan (KGM)).

Dual-function fab-scFv fusion antibody ameliorates ulcerative colitis by targeting hFcRn-mediated colonic enrichment and TNF-α neutralization.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by disruption of intestinal barrier function and complex inflammatory manifestations locally and systemically. Although anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) agents such as Infliximab (IFX) are effective in treating IBD, their intestinal tissue concentration has been regarded as determinant of therapeutic efficacy while was restrained by the large molecular weight. Considering the enhanced expression of human neonatal Fc receptor (hFcRn) in UC tissues, we attempted to deliver the therapeutic entity of IFX into UC tissues by developing a novel dual-acting IFX Fab-F8 (IFX-F8) fusion protein for UC treatment.

Antibacterial hyaluronic acid hydrogel with sustained release of larazotide as effective colitis treatment.

Gut barrier loss exacerbated gut microbiota dysbiosis by permitting pathogenic blooms, while gut microbiota dysbiosis caused the development of gut mucosal wounds by reducing mucus and breaking down epithelial tight junction. Current therapies combating colitis often fail to address both gut barrier dysfunction and microbial imbalance. Herein, inspired by natural gut mucus, a dual-crosslinked hydrogel (HSMP-LA) composed of thiol/maleimide-modified hyaluronic acid together with co-loading of antimicrobial ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and larazotide acetate (LA) had been developed as an injectable artificial gut mucus to simultaneously restore barrier integrity and modulate gut microbiota.

Advances in hemocytes regeneration of aquatic invertebrates: Mechanisms and implications.

Hematopoiesis is the process responsible for the generation of blood cells in both the circulation and tissues. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and defending against infections in animals. Although hematopoiesis is a common feature among animals with a circulatory system, the specific mechanisms involved in hematopoietic events vary significantly among invertebrates.

Neuropeptide F interacts with its receptor and regulates the immune response of Sepiella japonica.

In mammals, neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been recognized for its role in modulating the immune response of host. However, invertebrate neuropeptide F (NPF), as a homologous gene of NPY, has been minimally explored immunomodulatory function. In this study, NPF and NPF receptor (NPFR) mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in sick Sepiella japonica, and in juvenile S.

Bismuth nanospheres enabling sacrificial-agent-free bromate photoreduction and total bromine mitigation for safer water treatment.

Zero-valent bismuth (Bi) nanospheres with a hollow structure were synthesized via a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted solvothermal method and applied as efficient photocatalysts for the sacrificial-agent-free photoreduction of bromate (BrO) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The optimized Bi-0.6 catalyst exhibited a narrowed band gap and enhanced charge separation efficiency, achieving 99.

Dynamic non-equilibrium effects (DNEs) of imbibition processes in an air-water two-phase fine sandy medium- a laboratory-scale experimental study.

We systematically investigated DNEs throughout imbibition processes, specifically evaluating: (1) the temporal correspondence between DNE development and changes in water saturation/capillary pressure, and (2) the dominant factors governing DNE magnitude during imbibition. The signal drift during extended testing, and the gravitational effect on both the capillary pressure and water saturation were eliminated. The results indicate that, when water saturation was below a threshold value (∼0.

Bimetallic SnBi catalyst in metal-organic framework for efficient electrocatalytic CO conversion.

Currently, electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into higher-value compounds is a promising approach. However, developing a stable and efficient catalyst with high selectivity for specific products remains a major challenge. Herein, we constructed a bismuth-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) as a catalyst for the catalytic production of formic acid from carbon dioxide, to which different ratios of tin metal elements were doped.

Dual sulfur sources redox dynamics guided growth of 〈hk1〉-oriented SbS microrods: lattice strain modulation for ultra-low dark current.

Antimony trisulfide (SbS) has emerged as a promising inorganic semiconductor for optoelectronics due to its distinctive anisotropic crystal structure and suitable bandgap (∼1.7 eV). While hydrothermal synthesis remains challenging for achieving high crystallinity and controlled morphology, we developed an innovative dual‑sulfur precursor strategy utilizing sodium thiosulfate (STS) and thioacetamide (TAA) at a 7:2 M ratio with SbCl.

Preparation of TiCTMXene-based copper/cobalt composites for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.

MXenes represent exceptionally promising electrocatalytic materials for ammonia synthesis, owing to their outstanding electrical conductivity, modifiable surface functional groups, exceptional hydrophilicity, high specific surface area, and electronegative surface characteristics. In this investigation, we systematically demonstrate that the persistent challenge of Cu and Co nanoparticle agglomeration can be effectively addressed through the in-situ growth of bimetallic CuCo nanoparticles on TiCTMXene nanosheets. This innovative approach significantly enlarges the electrochemically active surface area, maximizes the exposure of catalytically active sites, and optimizes mass transport properties, consequently leading to substantially enhanced electrocatalytic performance for ammonia synthesis.

Effects of camellia seed cake protein on the printability, antioxidant activity and digestive performance of 3D-printed plant protein meat analogues.

This paper aims to explore the feasibility of enhancing the printing performance of 3D-printed meat analogues by varying the substitution amount of camellia seed cake protein (SCP) in the edible ink system based on proteins and polysaccharides. It covers the ink formulation, rheological properties and product analysis. The addition of SCP can significantly enhance the apparent viscosity, mechanical strength, and water retention capacity of the inks.