Cyetpyrafen, chlorfenapyr and spirodiclofen affect the olfactory recognition of Dastarcus helophoroides by acting on DhelOBP4 and DhelOBP21.

The pine-forest guardian Dastarcus helophoroides mainly rely on olfaction to locate its host accurately and interact socially. Odorant binding proteins of D. helophoroides play an important role in olfactory recognition and transporting odors to olfactory receptors to trigger signal transduction.

Jiawei fangji huangqi decoction inhibits renal fibrosis and inflammation in UUO-induced fibrotic kidneys.

Renal fibrosis represents a common pathological pathway in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Jiawei Fangji Huangqi decoction (JFH) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been clinically prescribed in China. The aim of this study was to determine the role of JFH in renal fibrosis using a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model and explore its underlying mechanisms.

TfOH-Mediated Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides from Diethyl 2,2'-Disulfanediylbis(4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate).

A novel approach for the S-S bond exchange reaction of two symmetrical disulfides, promoted by TfOH under metal-free conditions at room temperature, has been developed. This protocol facilitates the efficient and effortless synthesis of a series of important unsymmetrical disulfides with yields of up to 93% and excellent functional group compatibility. The advantages of this strategy include straightforward operation, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high chemoselectivity, and the ability to operate under ambient conditions.

Biodegradable poly(CL-co-TOSUO)/curcumin membrane: Biocompatibility and IL-6 suppression in atherosclerosis-relevant macrophage inflammation.

Atherosclerotic plaque instability, driven by macrophage-derived foam cells and exacerbated by interleukin-6 (IL-6), necessitates localized anti-inflammatory strategies. To address this, we developed curcumin-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone-co-4-ethylenediol ketal-ε-caprolactone) (PCT) membranes via electrospinning, characterizing their sustained drug release, biodegradability, and morphology through SEM. Comprehensive in vitro assessments included endothelial/macrophage viability assays, hemolysis testing, foam cell modeling using Ox-LDL (80 μg/mL for 48 h, optimized for IL-6 upregulation), and inflammatory cytokine quantification (IL-6/TNF-α/IFN-γ) via RT-qPCR.

Repurposing haemoproteins for asymmetric metal-catalysed H atom transfer.

Transition metal-hydrides have been widely exploited in catalysis for the hydrofunctionalization of unsaturated moieties, including carbonyls, alkenes and alkynes. To complement heterolytic metal-hydride bond cleavage, metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) has recently gained attention, as a promising strategy for radical hydrofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes, thus enabling late-stage diversification of complex molecules. However, owing to the weak interactions between the prochiral organic radical and the enantiopure catalyst, asymmetric MHAT remains challenging.

Valence Bond Wave-Function-Based Automatic Diabatization Approach.

In this work, an automatic diabatization approach based on valence-bond (VB) wave functions, called VBADA, is proposed. Compared with the original VB based diabatization implementation [Zhang, Y.; et al.

Machine Learning Potential-Driven Investigation of NEPE Matrix: Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanism.

The mechanical properties of nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant are critical in determining the safety and performance of solid rocket engines. However, understanding the failure mechanisms at atomic to micron scales remains a persistent challenge. In this work, we present the first application of machine learning potential (MLP) for NEPE, achieving ab initio-level accuracy while significantly enhancing computational efficiency and accuracy compared to traditional methods.

Breaking low-strain and rapid-kinetics trade-off in heterostructured prussian blue cathode toward robust sodium storage.

Manganese-based hexacyanoferrate has garnered unprecedented attention for sodium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity. However, the structural strain associated with Jahn-Teller distortion incurs fast capacity decline and poor rate capability. Effectively reconciling the trade-off between low-strain and rapid-kinetics in manganese-based hexacyanoferrate cathode poses a considerable challenge.

Ferulic Acid Inhibits Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells and Mitigates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Regulating the HIF-1α/Twist Signaling Pathway.

Ferulic acid (FA), a natural phenolic compound, shows potential therapeutic effects on renal interstitial fibrosis, although its antifibrotic mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of FA by focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related signaling pathways. By using a hypoxia-induced HK2 cell model, the optimal FA concentration was determined by CCK-8 assay, and the cells were assigned to low-, medium-, and high-FA groups.

Efflux of N1-acetylspermidine from hepatoma fosters macrophage-mediated immune suppression to dampen immunotherapeutic efficacy.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of tumor progression. Here, we examined the metabolic profile of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease that responds poorly to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Polyamine metabolism increased in HCC samples.

Terminal Vanadium Hydride through Oxidative C-H Cleavage and Its Application in Reduction of O.

We reported the synthesis and characterization of a novel vanadium hydride complex {[NNCHCH]VH}{K} () obtained through intramolecular C-H oxidative addition with an in situ-generated low-valent vanadium intermediate. This vanadium hydride exhibits strong reducing properties and is capable of activating O through a 4-electron reduction process. Simultaneously, it forms dioxovanadate complex with a regenerated Csp-H bond and oxovanadium complex .

Elucidating pressure dependency and combustion mechanism of micro-unit composite propellants.

The interfacial control method is a promising strategy for regulating energy output and enhancing the combustion performance of solid propellants. This assembly technique enables direct contact between metal fuels and oxidizers, forming micro-units encapsulated in a binder (, Al@AP (Aluminum@ammonium perchlorate) and AP@Al structures), thereby reducing the heat and mass transfer distance between them. This study conducted a series of molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the combustion behavior of two typical micro-unit structures, focusing on heat transfer, mass diffusion, and reaction kinetics.

Palladium-catalyzed Narasaka-Heck carbonylation for the construction of functionalized ynones.

A palladium-catalyzed tandem carbonylation reaction has been developed for the construction of ynones. This reaction is characterized by readily available starting materials, broad functional group compatibility, and the use of CO as the carbonyl source. Unlike conventional carbonylation methods for synthesizing ynones, this strategy enables the efficient preparation of dialkyl chain-substituted ynones under atmospheric CO pressure.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylation Reaction To Construct Ester Derivatives.

We have developed a palladium-catalyzed ester carbonylation reaction that enables the synthesis of ester-substituted benzofuran derivatives in a single step through the introduction of alkyl halides undergoing in situ hydrolysis and alkynyl aryl iodides. This method demonstrates broad applicability to both primary and secondary alkyl halides while maintaining excellent functional group compatibility under low palladium loading conditions. Notably, this strategy significantly expands the scope of the ester carbonylation reactions.

Synergistic effect of β-ocimene on Hyphantria cunea sex pheromone and its potential attraction mechanism related to Ca stimulation.

Hyphantria cunea, a globally significant quarantine pest, causes severe ecological and economic impacts in invaded regions. Attractants are environment-friendly and valuable pest management tools for H. cunea control.

Study protocol for paradigm shift in vascular access creation: The VAC study.

Background: The radial artery deviation and reimplantation (RADAR) technique uses an artery-to-vein (end-to-side) configuration. We have developed a modified RADAR (M-RADAR) technique. This new technique enables a side-to-side anastomosis between the vessels, and furthermore, the distal cephalic vein is ligated.

Direct conversion of various phosphate sources to a versatile P-X reagent [TBA][POX] via redox-neutral halogenation.

Inorganic phosphates hold significant potential as ideal natural building blocks, forming a fundamental basis for organic and biochemical synthesis. However, their limited solubility, inherent chemical stability, and low reactivity pose substantial challenges to converting phosphates into organophosphates under mild conditions. This study introduces an efficient method for the direct conversion of phosphates into P(V)-X reagents, [TBA][POX] (X = Cl, F), via a redox-neutral halogenation process.

Methylprednisolone as Adjunct to Thrombectomy for Acute Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Stroke: Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of the MARVEL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion often have poor functional outcomes despite undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and safety associated with intravenous methylprednisolone as adjunctive treatment to EVT for patients with AIS due to intracranial ICA occlusion.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a post hoc analysis of the MARVEL randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted from February 9, 2022, to June 30, 2023, at 82 stroke centers across China with a 3-month follow-up.

Alkoxylation and Phosphorylation of Pyrimidine Disulfides: Green Synthesis of Alkoxypyrimidine Thioethers and Pyrimidine Phosphorothioates.

This paper addresses a novel, green, and sustainable method to construct new C-S and P-S bonds by cleaving the S-S bond in pyrimidine disulfide under various conditions. The first alkoxylation and phosphorylation of pyrimidine disulfide are effectively accomplished by this approach. Compared to the methods reported, this approach provides more benefits, including the utilization of eco-friendly solvents, straightforward procedure, mild reaction conditions, high atomic efficiency, and a broad range of applicable substrates.

Palladium-Catalyzed Modular Synthesis of Thiophene-Fused Polycyclic Aromatics via Sequential C-H Activation.

A palladium-catalyzed Catellani-type [2+2+2] annulation reaction of aryl iodides, bromothiophenes, and norbornadiene, which proceeds via a tandem Heck coupling/double C-H bond activation and retro-Diels-Alder pathway to access thiophene-fused polyaromatics, is reported. The key feature of this protocol represents a NBD/NBE retaining annulation.

Tailoring Water-in-DMSO Electrolyte for Ultra-stable Rechargeable Zinc Batteries.

Rechargeable zinc batteries (RZBs) are hindered by two primary challenges: instability of Zn anode and deterioration of the cathode structure in traditional aqueous electrolytes, largely attributable to the decomposition of active HO. Here, we design and synthesize a non-flammable water-in-dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte to address these issues. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ techniques and computational simulations demonstrate that the activity of HO in this electrolyte is extremely compressed, which not only suppresses the side reactions and increases the reversibility of Zn anode, but also diminishes the cathode dissolution and proton intercalation.

Salvianolic acid C promotes renal gluconeogenesis in fibrotic kidneys through PGC1α.

Impaired renal gluconeogenesis is recently identified as a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. However, the therapeutic approach to promote renal gluconeogenesis in CKD is still lacking. We aimed to study whether Salvianolic acid C (SAC), a nature compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, inhibits renal fibrosis through promotion of gluconeogenesis.

Synthesis of 1,4,2-Diazaphospholidine-3,5-diones Using Na(OCP) as the "P" Source.

A refined synthesis of 1,4,2-diazaphospholidine-3,5-dione derivatives was achieved through a cyclization reaction involving Na(OCP) and isocyanates. Na(OCP) was demonstrated to be a relatively stable and safe source of phosphorus, enabling the production of diverse 1,4,2-diazaphospholidine-3,5-dione derivatives with high yields. The reaction proceeds efficiently under catalyst-free and mild conditions.

Tanshinone I improves renal fibrosis by promoting gluconeogenesis through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α.

Background: Renal fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic kidney disease, is closely associated with dysregulated gluconeogenesis. Tanshinone I (Tan I), a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, exhibits antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on gluconeogenesis and the mechanisms through which it alleviates renal fibrosis remain unclear.