Intelligent deep learning architecture for precision vegetable disease detection advancing agricultural new quality productive forces.

In the context of advancing agricultural new quality productive forces, addressing the challenges of uneven illumination, target occlusion, and mixed infections in greenhouse vegetable disease detection becomes crucial for modern precision agriculture. To tackle these challenges, this study proposes YOLO-vegetable, a high-precision detection algorithm based on improved You Only Look Once version 10 (YOLOv10). The framework incorporates three innovative modules.

Metabolomic insights into the function and nutritional quality of special rice.

The global demand for nutrient-rich functional rice is rapidly increasing. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying the high-nutrient functionality of special rice remain inadequately understood. In this study, we developed 26 novel special rice accessions.

Global Diabatic Potential Energy Surfaces of the PH System and Dynamics Studies of the P(P) + D Reaction.

Global diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the PH associated with 1A″ and 2A″ states were constructed by using a neural network method combined with a symmetry-adapted function. In the construction of PESs, high-level points were calculated by the multireference configuration interaction method in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set for H and the aug-cc-pwCVQZ basis set for P. The topographical features of the diabatic PESs were discussed and compared with the results, confirming that the diabatic PESs were successfully constructed.

Mechanistic elucidation of cyanamide's selective herbicidal activity via integrated transcriptome-metabolome analysis: Implications for cleaner alfalfa production.

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the common weeds in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field, compromising yield and forage quality.

Multihop cost awareness task migration with networking load balance technology for vehicular edge computing.

6G technology aims to revolutionize the mobile communication industry by revamping the role of vehicular wireless connections. Its network architecture will evolve towards multi-access edge computing (MEC) distributing cloud applications to support inter-vehicle applications such as cooperative driving. As the number of tasks offloaded to MEC servers increases, local MEC servers associated with vehicles may encounter insufficient computing resources for task offloading.

A mixed-methods exploration of social networks, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction in rural Chinese high schools.

Introduction: This mixed-methods study explored how social networks influence academic self-efficacy and life satisfaction among rural Chinese high school students.

Methods: The study involved 454 students in the quantitative phase, utilizing the Social Network Index (SNI), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The qualitative phase included interviews with 28 students.

Airborne Algae and Cyanobacteria Originating from Lakes: Formation Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Potential Health Risks.

Algal and cyanobacterial blooms are anticipated to increase in frequency, duration, and geographic extent as a result of environmental changes, including climate warming, elevated nutrient concentrations, and increased runoff in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. The eutrophication of aquatic environments represents a substantial threat to human health. As eutrophication progresses, airborne algae and cyanobacteria, particularly harmful genera originating from aquatic environments, are released into the atmosphere and may pose potential risks to human health.

Frailty in Alzheimer's disease: A bibliometric analysis of research hotspots, emerging trends, and knowledge structure.

BackgroundFrailty has emerged as a major public health concern in aging populations, particularly among individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where it exacerbates adverse outcomes and signals dementia progression. While research on frailty in AD has grown rapidly, a thorough analysis of key research hotspots and trends remains insufficient.ObjectiveThis study employs bibliometric methods to systematically explore core themes, identify potential frontiers and emerging directions in this field.

High fidelity influence analysis of material and structure on sealing characteristics of aviation pipeline fittings based on multi-scale model.

As an important component connecting and sealing the high-pressure fluid in the hydraulic pipeline, the reliability and stability of the aviation pipeline fittings are critical. The purpose of this paper is to better understand and analyze the multiple parameters influence on sealing characteristics of aviation pipeline fittings. This article significantly improves the accuracy of sealing contact state analysis based on multi-scale models.

Predicting the unseen: nutritional interventions as a key to combat frailty.

Background: Frailty and malnutrition have emerged as critical public health issues amidst global population aging. Malnutrition not only significantly contributes to frailty but also intensifies its clinical symptoms, severely affecting the quality of life and health outcomes in older adults. Research in this field has accelerated in recent years; however, a comprehensive analysis of key research trends and hotspots remains absent.

A Comprehensive Study on Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics of the Zn + H Reaction.

A set of nonadiabatic potential energy surfaces of the ZnH has been constructed by a diabatization method based on artificial neural network. The calculations of adiabatic quantum dynamics and nonadiabatic quantum dynamics on the Zn(4s S) + H(X∑) → H(S) + ZnH(X∑) reaction were performed based on the newly constructed potential energy surfaces. A comparison of the adiabatic and nonadiabatic dynamics results reveals no substantial differences in their overall trends, indicating that nonadiabatic transitions have minimal influence on the reaction dynamics.

Efficient near-ultraviolet (NUV) electroluminescence based on a benzonitrile acceptor HLCT material with balanced carrier mobilities and high color purity.

Balanced carrier injection/transport and high color purity are critical for highly efficient near-ultraviolet (NUV) electroluminescence (EL) emitters. Herein, two novel structurally simple NUV donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) molecules, namely CZ-PPCN and TPA-PPCN, with a benzene π-bridge containing carbazole/triphenylamine as donors and benzonitrile as the acceptor were designed and synthesized, and they exhibited hybrid local charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics. The introduction of the benzonitrile group of the CZ-PPCN molecule not only enhances charge carrier injection but also promotes hole and electron mobility balance through the formation of supramolecular hydrogen bonds (both up to 10 cm V s).

Function-Oriented Electrolyte Additives: Chemical Strategy to Enhance the Performance of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the practical application of Li-S batteries faces several significant technical challenges, such as the "shuttle effect," sluggish polysulfide conversion kinetics, irreversible loss of active materials, and disordered growth of lithium dendrites on the anode. To overcome these issues, the strategic incorporation of functional electrolyte additives has emerged as a novel approach for enhancing Li-S battery performance.

Reconciling the different impacts of straw return on the bioavailability of heavy metals in Chinese croplands: an integrative meta-analysis.

Returning to arable lands is a compulsory measure in China to enhance sustainable utilization of crop straw. Straw return (SR) may change soil properties, thereby influencing the bioavailability of heavy metals (HM). Nowadays, the response of HM bioavailability to SR varied substantially among studies, while the key factors driving this spatial variability remain largely unknown.

Co-loaded aspirin and doxorubicin by chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles inhibited metastasis of breast cancer by squelching circulating tumor microemboli.

Platelets (PLTs) play a critical role in proliferation and migration of cancers, combination therapy based on chemotherapeutical and anti-PLT agents could inhibit tumor development. In this study, chondroitin sulphate (CS) was conjugated with doxorubicin (DOX) to synthesize CS-DOX through hydrazone bond, and aspirin (ASP) was encapsulated into CS-DOX to prepare a pH-responsive nanoparticle (ASP/CS-DOX). After being characterized, the anti-tumor effects of ASP/CS-DOX were pursued further.

Theoretical study of the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the Cl(2P) + D2 (v = 0, j = 0 and 1) → DCl + D reaction.

In this study, we have employed the time-independent close-coupling method for comprehensive calculation of the state-to-state cross sections for the Cl(2P) + D2(v = 0, j = 0 and 1) reaction, including all couplings arising from the nonzero electronic orbital and spin angular momenta of the chlorine atom. The optimization of homonuclear exchange symmetry is incorporated in our calculation. The theoretical results clearly reveal the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, which is similar to that observed in the Cl + H2 reaction.

Deep learning method for cucumber disease detection in complex environments for new agricultural productivity.

Cucumber disease detection under complex agricultural conditions faces significant challenges due to multi-scale variation, background clutter, and hardware limitations. This study proposes YOLO-Cucumber, an improved lightweight detection algorithm based on YOLOv11n, incorporating four key innovations: (1) Deformable Convolutional Networks (DCN) for enhanced feature extraction of irregular targets, (2) a P2 prediction layer for fine-grained detection of early-stage lesions, (3) a Target-aware Loss (TAL) function addressing class imbalance, and (4) Channel Pruning via Batch Normalization (CPBN) for model compression. Experiments on our cucumber disease dataset demonstrate that YOLO-Cucumber achieves a 6.

Low carbon constraints, innovation driven and carbon neutral technological innovation: empirical evidence based on multiple policy combinations.

Carbon neutrality technology innovation (CNTI) is essential for China's deep decarbonization. Evaluating the interaction between environmental policies and carbon-neutral technology is crucial for achieving the "Dual Carbon" goals and advancing China's modernization. This paper employs panel data spanning 271 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2023.

Ionic liquid-assisted biomass-derived N, S-doped carbon dots with enhanced corrosion inhibition.

Developing efficient green corrosion inhibitors from sustainable, renewable, and cost-effective materials is a pressing challenge. Solvents impact carbon dot structures, leading to property disparities, yet the mechanism of solvent-induced structure-property modulation in carbon dots remains not deeply understood. Herein, dried dandelion leaves served as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur sources.

A hybrid de novo genome assembly of the digger wasp Cerceris sabulosa (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae).

The digger wasp genus Cerceris represents an important transition from predacious hymenopterans to the bees. Here, we present a refined genome assembly of Cerceris sabulosa. A drone specimen was sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore platform, and polished by Illumina paired-end reads.

Strategies for enhancing microalgal carbon sequestration: a review on strain development, culture system optimization, parameter control, and metabolic engineering.

The microalgae-mediated carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology demonstrates significant advantages and application potential compared to traditional carbon sequestration technologies by coupling CO sequestration with biomass valorization. Theoretical calculations show that large-scale microalgae cultivation on 13 million acres of land can achieve an annual CO fixation capacity of approximately 50 million tons while simultaneously producing over 3 million tons of biomass. However, the practical application of microalgae currently faces two major obstacles: the relatively low efficiency of photosynthetic CO fixation and the high cost of microalgal cultivation processes.

Application of Ruthenium and Palladium Supported on Copper Materials in Selective Synthesis of N-Benzylanilinyl-Benzoimidazole and Benzoimidazoquinazoline Derivatives.

A novel nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid ligand was meticulously designed and synthesized. This ligand was subsequently employed to fabricate copper-based materials via a hydrothermal synthesis approach. Palladium and ruthenium nanoparticles were then immobilized onto the materials matrices to generate heterogeneous catalysts with targeted catalytic functionalities.

PMJDM: a multi-task joint detection model for plant disease identification.

Introduction: Plant disease detection is critical for ensuring agricultural productivity, yet traditional methods often suffer from inefficiencies and inaccuracies due to manual processes and limited adaptability.

Methods: This paper presents the PlantDisease Multi-task Joint Detection Model (PMJDM), which integrates an enhanced ConvNeXt-based shared feature extraction, a texture-augmented N-RPN module with HOG/LBP metrics, multi-task branches for simultaneous plant species classification and disease detection, and CRF-based post-processing for spatial consistency. A dynamic weight adjustment mechanism is also employed to optimize task balance and improve robustness.

pH-sensitive hyaluronic acid nanomicelles for co-delivery of capsaicin and doxorubicin enhance the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

The cross-talk between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells has emerged as an important component in the development of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Herein, we prepared novel co-loaded galactose (Gal)-conjugated sulfated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (CDHG) for co-delivery of capsaicin (CAP) and doxorubicin (DOX) by co-targeting CAFs and ATC cells simultaneously. To mimic the tumor microenvironment, we established novel "CAFs+8505c" 2D and 3D models for anti-ATC analyses in vitro.

Utilization and Advancement of an Electrolyte Containing Mixed Electrolyte Salts in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Mainly Based on Lithium-Ion Batteries.

An electrolyte salt as an indispensable component has a dramatic impact on the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices. However, every electrolyte salt cannot satisfy all the needs of an electrolyte for rechargeable batteries. For example, in lithium-ion batteries, shortages like the decomposition of the lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)-based electrolyte at high temperature, the corrosion to the Al cathodic current collector of the lithium difluorosulfonamide (LiFSI)- or lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide (LiTFSI)-based electrolyte, the low conductivity of the lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)-based electrolyte, and the inappropriately stable electrochemical windows of the lithium difluorooxalateborate (LiDFOB)- or lithium bisoxalatoborate (LiBOB)-based electrolyte restrict further development of the single lithium salt-based electrolyte for the rechargeable batteries.