Enhancement effect of biochar on the immobilization of heavy metals and anions in MSWI fly ash/bottom ash-coal fly ash-based cementitious materials: Risk assessment model and mechanisms.

The preparation of solidified materials using biochar (BC) and MSWI fly ash (FA) promotes pollutant remediation and the resource utilization of solid waste. However, studies on the quantitative risk assessment of BC-enhanced MSWI FA/bottom ash (BA)-coal FA-based cementitious materials (CBFM) and the synchronous immobilization mechanisms of heavy metals and anions are still limited. This study used multiple leaching methods and the RAC/OPTI model to evaluate the leaching behavior and environmental risk of MSWI FA/CBFM under various pH conditions.

Mechanoluminescence of ZnS Under Easily Tailored Phase Transitions.

Mn/Cu-doped ZnS has emerged as a highly promising self-recoverable mechanoluminescent (ML) materials with significant potential in intelligent sensing, dynamic displays, and artificial intelligence. However, the exact ML mechanism remains elusive, and the energy transfer processes governed by complex interactions remain unknown. This study finds dislocation-mediated ML enhancement in ZnS:Mn and ML suppression in ZnS:Cu under easily tailored the phase transition.

Asymmetric Stress Engineering of Dense Dislocations in Brittle Superconductors for Strong Vortex Pinning.

Large lossless currents in high-temperature superconductors (HTS) critically rely on dense defects with suitable size and dimensionality to pin vortices, with dislocations being particularly effective due to their 1D geometry to interact extensively with vortex lines. However, in non-metallic compounds such as HTS with rigid lattices, conventional deformation methods typically lead to catastrophic fracture rather than dislocation-mediated plasticity, making it a persistent challenge to introduce dislocations at high density. Here, an asymmetric stress field strategy is proposed using extrusion to directly nucleate a high density of dislocations in HTS by activating shear-driven lattice slip and twisting under superimposed hydrostatic compression.

Utilizing Waste Heat to Drive Selective Green Organic Conversion through a Thermoelectrocatalytic Process.

Utilizing waste heat from environmental or industrial sources is a promising strategy for eco-friendly and sustainable chemical synthesis. Here, a pioneering thermoelectrocatalytic (TECatal) system that can harness minimal heat diffusion for selective organic conversions is demonstrated. The proof-of-concept demonstrates a TECatal nanohybrid consisting of a thermoelectric (TE) BiTe nanoflake core with a Fe-doped UiO-66 metal-organic framework shell (BiTe/Fe-UiO-66).

Probabilistic ecological risk characterizing and source-specific risk apportionment of antibiotics in rivers in the sub-center of Beijing, China.

The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in urban rivers has raised global concerns for ecological security. Quantitative source-specific risk apportionment of antibiotics is crucial for targeted and effective ecological risk management, but is rarely studied. In this study, a source-specific ecological risk apportionment model for antibiotics was developed by combining the ecological risk quotient (RQ) method and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model.

Review of Recent Advances in Porous Organic Frameworks as Additives for Lubrication.

Friction and wear control are critical challenges for the efficient operation and sustainable development of modern industries. The performance limitations of conventional lubricants under extreme conditions, coupled with their environmental impacts, necessitate innovative solutions. Recently, covalent and metal porous organic frameworks (POFs), including covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal organic frameworks (MOFs), have emerged as promising candidates for tribological applications, attributed to their designable nanoporous architectures, ultrahigh specific surface areas, and abundant functional active sites.

Identification of an adaptor protein 2σ gene for OsTGW12 to determine grain weight and potentiate quality breeding in rice.

This study identified an adaptor protein gene OsAP2σ (LOC_Os12g10560) as a causal gene for OsTGW12, a major QTL on rice chromosome to determine the thousand-grain weight (TGW), elucidated the role of a specific SNP (G266A) within this gene in determining grain size by affecting cell number, and the demonstrated interaction between OsAP2σ and OsSAMS1 suggested a novel regulatory mechanism linking clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) to S-adenosylmethionine metabolism in rice grain development. In rice, many quantitative trait loci/genes of thousand-grain weight (TGW) have been identified and applied to breed rice varieties with high yield. Here, we identified an allele OsAP2σ from a small grain indica rice variety G1025, a causal gene for OsTGW12 on rice chromosome 12 to determine grain weight.

Molecular-Level Control of Exciton and Nonlinear Optical Properties in 1D Hybrid Antimony Halides via Cation Steric Design.

Hybrid antimony halides with one-dimensional (1D) architectures have gained increasing attention due to their structural tunability and versatile optoelectronic properties. In this study, six 1D organic-inorganic metal halides (OIMHs), including (CHN)SbX and (CHN)SbX (X = Cl, Br, I), were synthesized using two structurally related organic cations: 1-methyl-4-(methylamino)piperidine (CHN) and 4-(methylamino)piperidine dihydrochloride (CHClN). Comparative analysis reveals that the introduction of a methyl group significantly alters the steric environment and electronic structure, leading to reduced octahedral distortion and modified hydrogen bonding interactions.

Flexible Tactile Sensing Systems: Challenges in Theoretical Research Transferring to Practical Applications.

Since the first design of tactile sensors was proposed by Harmon in 1982, tactile sensors have evolved through four key phases: industrial applications (1980s, basic pressure detection), miniaturization via MEMS (1990s), flexible electronics (2010s, stretchable materials), and intelligent systems (2020s-present, AI-driven multimodal sensing). With the innovation of material, processing techniques, and multimodal fusion of stimuli, the application of tactile sensors has been continuously expanding to a diversity of areas, including but not limited to medical care, aerospace, sports and intelligent robots. Currently, researchers are dedicated to develop tactile sensors with emerging mechanisms and structures, pursuing high-sensitivity, high-resolution, and multimodal characteristics and further constructing tactile systems which imitate and approach the performance of human organs.

High-Density W Single Atoms in Two-Dimensional Spinel Oxide Break the Structural Integrity for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Catalysis.

The performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts heavily depends on intrinsically active and robust sites as well as high active site number, which poses challenges in catalyst design concerning composition and structure. This study presents a general oxygen-vacancy anchoring strategy for preparing oxide-based 4d/5d transition metal single-atom 2D materials as efficient and robust OER catalysts. In a typical synthesis, Keggin-structure polyoxometalate [PWO] clusters decompose into tetrahedral WO anions, which in situ adhere to the newly nucleated metal (Co, Fe, Ni) hydroxide (M(OH)) due to the latter's abundant oxygen vacancies, ensuring a uniform distribution of W single atoms.

A Dual-Band Smart Window with Electrical-Thermal Control for Visible and Near-Infrared Light Modulation.

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) exhibits excellent electro-optical properties for displays and smart windows but lacks sufficient near-infrared modulation for full solar management. Herein, a composite film with dual electrical-thermal control is designed for this purpose, which integrates PDLC film as an electrochromic layer and tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (W/VO) coating as a thermochromic layer. The composite film not only facilitates active regulation of visible light through electrical control, but also enables the modulation of near-infrared light via phase transitions in response to temperature changes.

Radiative Cooling in Outer Space: Fundamentals, Advances in Materials and Applications, and Perspectives.

Effective thermal control is critical for the safe operation of spacecraft in the harsh environment of outer space. Radiative cooling (RC), an advanced passive thermal management technology, enables spontaneous heat dissipation via infrared radiation into the ultracold cosmic background. It offers an energy-efficient solution for maintaining temperature stability without power input.

Multi-Catalytic-Field Assisted Conversion of Low-Concentration CO in Steel Byproduct Gas for Synergistic Steel-Chemical Production.

ConspectusThe iron and steel industry, as a major global CO emitter, urgently requires technological breakthroughs in its carbon neutrality pathway. Existing emission reduction technologies such as carbon capture, utilization and storage are economically insufficient, while the full utilization of byproduct gas may lead to energy shortages in steel enterprises. Steel byproduct gases (e.

Predicting thermal expansion in framework compounds using a charge interaction index.

The precise regulation of thermal expansion is a crucial and challenging topic with significant industrial and technological implications. We propose a charge interaction index (CII) to relate thermal expansion to chemical composition. Using AMO compounds as a case study, we show the validity of this parameter through experimental verification.

Artificial intelligence-based multimodal model for the identification of ulcerative colitis with concomitant cytomegalovirus colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic immune-mediated colon inflammation, impacts patients' quality of life. Immunosuppressive-treated UC patients are prone to opportunistic infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which exacerbates UC, causes steroid resistance, and elevates surgery and mortality risks. Identifying CMV colitis from UC exacerbation is difficult due to overlapping symptoms and low biopsy detection rates.

From Sweet Potato Byproducts to Energy Storage: Unveiling the Potential of Foaming Syrup as a High-Performance Hard Carbon Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Contrary to lithium-ion batteries, which are constrained by the scarcity and prohibitive costs of lithium, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained significant attention in the realm of renewable energy. This surge in interest is primarily due to the abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, coupled with the advantages of safety and environmental sustainability. Biomass-derived precursors, characterized by their economic feasibility, structural flexibility, ease of fabrication, environmental benignity, and renewability, are considered ideal for the production of hard carbon materials.

Ultrahigh thermoelectricity obtained in classical BiSbTe alloy processed under super-gravity.

Thermoelectric materials allow direct conversion between heat and electricity and may be useful for power generation or solid-state refrigeration. However, improving thermoelectric performance is challenging because of the strong coupling between the electrical and thermal transport properties. We demonstrate a new super-gravity-field re-melting fabrication technology that synergistically optimizes the thermoelectric performance.

Programmable Active Phase Reconstruction in Metal-Organic Framework Toward High-Efficient Oxygen Evolution.

Orchestrated manipulation of the dynamic structural evolution of catalytic materials in service represents an effective approach to rationally architect the active phase for highly efficient catalysis. Herein, this study reports a 2D ultrathin nickel-based metal-organic framework (MOF) pre-catalyst, where multimetallic electronic cooperativity enables on-demand hierarchical regulation of the structural evolution as well as the catalytic process of the reconstruction-derived active phase, delivering oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance superior to benchmark RuO. Tailored cobalt-iron co-substitution in nickel-based MOF strategically engineers the overall structural flexibility, controllably promoting the reconstruction process in alkaline media into ligand-anchored nickel oxyhydroxide active phases.

Alleviating the Kinetic Hindrance of Ni-Rich Single-Crystal Cathode Materials Driven by Local Structural Realignment.

Crack-free Ni-rich single-crystal cathodes exhibit exceptional stability; however, they encounter challenges pertaining to kinetic hindrance, low capacity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency. Herein, we present a melt infiltration-dispersion method for synthesizing a small-sized single-crystal LiNiCoMnO (N90-SC) material at lower temperatures, enabling kilogram-scale production. The inclusion of low-melting LiOH-LiSO eutectic salt enhances uniform mass and heat transfer while penetrating the grain boundaries of secondary particles, thereby inhibiting particle growth and resulting in small single crystals after washing.

Graph-CRISPR: a gene editing efficiency prediction model based on graph neural network with integrated sequence and secondary structure feature extraction.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene-editing technology has transformed molecular biology. Predicting editing efficiency is crucial for optimization, and numerous computational models have been created. However, many current models struggle to generalize across diverse editing systems, often experiencing performance drops with varying conditions or systems.

[Research Progress on Adsorption, Migration, and Compound Toxicity of Microplastics and Antibiotics in Soil].

Microplastics and antibiotics are two typical emerging environmental pollutants that are widely present in soil and pose a threat to the health of soil ecosystems. Microplastics can act as carriers, adsorbing antibiotics and influencing their migration behavior. This can result in complex contamination, causing unpredictable impacts or even hazards to the soil ecosystem.

CSFformer: Redefining multi-channel time series analysis with cross-scale fusion Transformer.

Current Transformer models with channel independence (CI) have made tremendous achievements in time series data analysis. However, the CI methods suffer from short-term fluctuations with intra-channel noise and long-term trend extraction. The fixed receptive field of CI models struggles with capturing multi-scale temporal features within each channel.

Ligand Coordination Equilibria-Drived Homogeneous Electrodeposition Enables Coatings with Superior Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Strength.

Electroplating technology is crucial for interfacial engineering due to its flexible controllability and excellent protective performance. However, electroplated coatings often exhibit uneven deposition morphology due to the uncontrollable nucleation and growth of metal grains, which results in degraded coating performance. Here, we propose ligand coordination equilibria (LCE) that creates a dense coating by simultaneously modulating the solvation structure and optimizing the reduction process, exemplified by Al/Zr alloy electroplating.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Precipitate and Microstructure of 38CrMoAl Steel.

To address the central cracking problem in continuous casting slabs of 38CrMoAl steel, high-temperature tensile tests were performed using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator to characterize the hot ductility of the steel within the temperature range of 600-1200 °C. The phase transformation behavior was computationally analyzed via the Thermo-Calc software, while the microstructure, fracture morphology, and precipitate characteristics were systematically investigated using a metallographic microscope (MM), a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the effects of different holding times and cooling rates on the microstructure and precipitates of 38CrMoAl steel were also studied.