Flexible photonic contactless human-machine interface based on visible-blind near-infrared organic photodetectors.

Contactless human-machine interfaces (C-HMIs) are revolutionizing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven domains, yet face application limitations due to narrow sensing ranges, environmental fragility, and structural rigidity. To address these obstacles, we developed a flexible photonic C-HMI (Flex-PCI) using flexible visible-blind near-infrared organic photodetectors. In addition to its unprecedented performance across key metrics, including broad detection range (0.

Current-Induced Magnetization Switching via 180° Néel Vector Reversal in Pt/CrO/Co Trilayers.

The 180° switching of the perpendicular Néel vector induced by the spin-orbit torque (SOT) presents significant potential for ultradense and ultrafast antiferromagnetic SOT-magnetoresistive random-access memory. However, its experimental realization remains a topic of intense debate. Here, unequivocal evidence is provided for the SOT-induced 180° switching of the perpendicular Néel vector in collinear antiferromagnetic CrO in a Pt/CrO/Co trilayer structure.

Solubility-pKa Coupling Effect Tailored Nanoporous Nylon Aerogel Family with Multiple Thermomechanical Processes.

Despite significant advancements in aerogels science, the fabrication of high-performance aerogels with their plastic processability remains unexplored owing to their inherent trade-off between skeletal rigidity and transformable processability. Herein, a universal solubility-pKa coupling-effect to engineer high-performance thermoplastic nylon aerogel family with excellent thermomechanical processing performance is proposed. By modulating solubility parameters and acid dissociation constants in nylon-solvent systems, it is precisely control crystallization to assemble interlaced 1D nanofiber skeletons, yielding nylon aerogels that integrate a high specific surface area (226 m g), exceptional compressive modulus (12.

Regulation of sub-Tg solid-state surface crosslinking of reactive polyarylene ether substrate into loose nanofiltration membranes for dyes desalination.

The scalable fabrication of high performance dyes desalination loose nanofiltration (LNF) membrane through facile thermal annealing remains challenging due to the susceptible pore collapse. Herein, we have developed a metal ion mediated sub-Tg thermal crosslinking protocol, which can convert the phase inverted reactive polymeric ultrafiltration substrate into LNF membrane showing high permselectivity as well as resistance to both extremely acid and alkaline solution. The original ultrafiltration substrate was composed of scalable-produced reactive polyarylene ether amidoxime (PEA) that was pre-crosslinked with ferric ions.

A SERS-active microneedle array for rapid and minimally invasive lactic acid detection.

Background: During intense exercise, anaerobic metabolism predominantly produces energy in the body, resulting in lactic acid (LA) accumulation, which contributes to muscle fatigue and soreness and may also impair neurological and cardiovascular functions. In endurance sports, the lactate threshold (LT) is a key indicator of an athlete's capacity to clear and utilize LA, directly influencing athletic performance and endurance. Therefore, LA detection is crucial for assessing the physical condition of both athletes and the general population, as well as for optimizing training programs.

Anisotropic Optoelectronic Synapses in 2D NbGeTe for Direction-Programmable Neuromorphic Perception and Decision-Making.

Neuromorphic computing presents a promising solution for the von Neumann bottleneck, enabling energy-efficient and intelligent sensing platforms. Although 2D materials are ideal for bioinspired neuromorphic devices, achieving multifunctional synaptic operations with simple configurations and linear weight updates remains challenging. Inspired by biological axons, the in-plane anisotropy of 2D NbGeTe is exploited to develop dual electronic-optical synaptic devices.

Ultrabroadband Photosensitivity and Frequency-Mixing in Anisotropic Weyl Semimetal NbNiTe.

Broadband anisotropic photodetectors show great promise for polarization-sensitive imaging and multispectral optoelectronic systems yet face critical challenges in material anisotropy modulation and broadband sensitivity. Weyl semimetals exhibit giant optical anisotropy and tunable heterojunction band alignment, enabling high-performance anisotropic photodetection. Herein, ultrabroadband PDs based on the NbNiTe (niobium nickel telluride), enabled by antenna integration and heterostructure engineering, achieve high sensitivity from visible to Terahertz (THz).

Host-Guest Metal Interaction in Cu-In Single Atom Alloy Switching Electrocatalytic CO Reduction Pathway.

The catalytic behavior of alloy electrocatalyst is strongly influenced by host-guest metal interaction, which governs adsorption energy and product selectivity. However, in conventional bimetallic alloy systems, the catalyst composition and the geometric configuration often obscure the identification of critical active sites. Here, we investigate the host-guest metal interaction in Cu-In single atom alloy (SAA) catalysts, demonstrating a remarkable switching of electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) pathway.

Interfacial Li Diffusion Booster Accelerated by Enhanced Metal-Organic Framework Sieving and Wettability for High-Voltage Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are promising for realizing higher energy density. However, the poor interfacial Li transport kinetics and Li dendrite growth inhibit SSLMBs, leading to sluggish interfacial ion diffusion and depressive lifespan, which is attributed to high barriers blocked by anions or interface space in solid-state electrolytes. Herein, a flexible solid-state polymer skeleton employed with ionic liquid and metal-organic frameworks (PIM) electrolyte is proposed to strengthen interfacial Li ion exchange by improving the Li sieving effect and interfacial wettability.

Ion transport-triggered rapid flexible hydrovoltaic sensing.

The hydrovoltaic effect, based on interactions at the solid-liquid interface, offers a promising route for ion sensing. However, it is hampered by long response times, typically several minutes, due to slow ion diffusion equilibrium in nanochannels. Here, we demonstrate a rapid, flexible hydrovoltaic ion sensing strategy enabled by fast ion transport.

ZnO Quantum Dots@CsPbBr Poly-Heterocrystalline Film Enables High-Performance Floating-Gate Transistor Arrays for Edge Computing.

Nonvolatile optoelectronic synapses motivated by the human eye can effectively function as convolutional kernels to preprocess images, demonstrating significant promise for edge computing. Among the optoelectronic synapses, the floating-gate photosensitive transistor (FG-PT) is particularly noteworthy due to its rapid response speed and excellent retention. Although some FG-PTs are reported, they still suffer from high operating voltages, low conductance ratios, and difficulties in array preparation.

Polymer-guided grafting of single W atoms onto titanate nanotubes increases SERS activity in semiconductors.

Metal single atoms have been demonstrated to induce surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to their effectiveness in the modification of electronic structure. However, precisely modulating the relative positions of metal single atoms on sub-nanolattices remains a formidable challenge, which makes SERS studies of metal single atoms dependent on localized environments still lacking. Herein, we rely on polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a soft template to achieve the modulation of the relative positions of W atoms on titanate nanotubes (W-TNTs) and probe the local-environment-dependent SERS induced by metal single atoms based on this technique.

Synergistic Charge Engineering in Tellurium-Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Universal Conductivity Enhancement.

With the rapid advancement of electronic device miniaturization, materials are required to possess stronger conductivity at smaller scales. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have drawn significant interest due to their outstanding theoretical electrical properties. However, improving their electrical performance remains a significant challenge.

Tailoring Solvation Structures via Precise Diluent Engineering for High-Rate 500 Wh kg Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), featuring lithium metal anodes (LMAs) paired with high-voltage cathodes, are promising candidates for achieving energy densities exceeding 500 Wh kg. However, their commercialization is hindered by unstable interphases and insufficient Li transport kinetics, especially under high-rate conditions. Here, a hybrid diluent strategy is reported for diluted high-concentration electrolytes (DHCEs) that decouples Li solvation from interfacial stabilization by combining fluorinated aromatics with fluorinated ethers.

Reduction of Visual Artifacts in Laser Beam Scanning Displays.

Laser beam scanning (LBS) projection systems based on MEMS micromirrors offer advantages such as compact size, low power consumption, and vivid color performance, making them well suited for applications like AR glasses and portable projectors. Among various scanning methods, raster scanning is widely adopted; however, it suffers from artifacts such as dark bands between adjacent scanning lines and non-uniform distribution of the scanning trajectory relative to the original image. These issues degrade the overall viewing experience.

Upgrading Natural Ores for Efficient Photothermal Polyester Recycling.

Transition metal-catalyzed chemical upcycling of polyester waste into monomers represents a critical pathway to mitigate the global environmental crisis posed by plastic pollution. However, reconciling atomic-scale catalyst design with industrial manufacturing demands remains a fundamental challenge for addressing the >80 million tons of polyester waste generated annually. Here, a solar-driven glycolysis platform is reported using thermally activated natural pyrite minerals (FeS) as photothermal catalysts.

Trace Water in Solvent Precisely Influences the Formation Process of the Active Layer for Organic Solar Cells.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are attracting widespread attention as a promising renewable energy technology. The solvent purity exhibits a great impact on the photovoltaic performance of OSCs, but how trace water in solvent influences the formation process of the active layer and the device performance remains unclear. Here, we systematically investigate the impact of trace water in chloroform (CF) on film formation and performance of PM6:L8-BO OSCs.

Lattice-Engineered Lanthanide Nanocrystals with Tunable Near-Infrared-IIb Lifetime.

Lattice engineering in lanthanide nanocrystals (LnNCs) is fundamental for tailoring their versatile optical properties, yet it remains underexplored in manipulating the downconversion characteristics. Here, we engineer the lattices from distorted to strain-graded in LnNCs by CaF deposition on vacancy-controlled β-NaGdF:Yb,A (A = Tm/Er, x = 0.5, 0.

Meta-analysis of multi-center transcriptomic profiles and machine learning reveal phospholipase Cβ4 as a Wnt/Ca² signaling mediator in glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by pronounced invasiveness, rapid progression, frequent recurrence, and poor clinical prognosis. Current treatment strategies remain inadequate due to the lack of effective molecular targets, underscoring the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic avenues.

Methods: In this study, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and meta-analysis, incorporating clinical immunotherapy datasets, to identify ten candidate genes associated with GBM initiation, progression, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy.

MOF-Assisted Nanocellulose Paper-Based Platform for Multiple Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), crystalline solids consisting of organic ligands and metal ions, have attracted increasing interest in various areas, including catalysis and biology. Functionalizable pore interiors and ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratios of MOFs make them excellent materials, especially for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by the photoinduced charge transfer (PICT) between the MOFs and adsorbed molecules for SERS signal amplification. In our previous work, we demonstrated a p-n junction-assisted MOF substrate for enhancing the SERS signal through additional charge transfer, while the notable structural characteristics of MOFs benefit the SERS selectivity.

Targeted ROS Scavenging for Disease Therapies Using Nanomaterials.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential by-products of cellular metabolism and serve as key mediators in cell signaling and homeostasis. Excessive ROS production is associated with cellular damage and various diseases. Therefore, targeted ROS scavenging may enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects.

A Review of Designing Hierarchical Structure Within Membrane Electrode Assembly for Water Electrolyzer.

Green hydrogen produced from water electrolyzers demonstrates higher efficiency and sustainability than industrial alkaline water electrolysis due to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design. However, random structure designs in current MEAs significantly increase the charge and mass transport resistance, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency. In contrast, the ordered structure design in MEA provides well-defined arrangements of pores, channels, or pathways within catalysts, catalyst layers, porous transport layers, and ion exchange membranes (IEMs).

Carbon-Caged-Yttria Catalysts for Stable Electrosynthesis of HO in Concentrated Acid.

The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO), with renewable electricity, air, and water as inputs, offers a sustainable alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. Performing HO electrosynthesis in concentrated acid offers advantages in functionality and energy efficiency over alkaline media yet is currently limited by short longevity. Here, we first investigate the origins of performance loss of oxidized carbon, a proven catalyst for HO electrosynthesis, and observe its gradual reduction to pristine carbon during acidic electrolysis.

Self-Assembled Homogeneous Heterobimetallic-Oxide Interfaces Enable Synergistic Hydrogen Evolution Passivation for Durable Acidic Zn-Mn Batteries.

Acidic Zn-Mn batteries hold promising prospects in large-scale energy storage owing to their higher discharge voltage and capacity. However, the challenge of developing long-term acidic Zn-Mn batteries still remains due to Zn anode instability in acidic media arising from the inevitable proton corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report self-assembled homogeneous heterobimetallic-oxide interfaces on the Zn anode surface via a multi-cation (Cu, In, and Sn) synergistic regulation strategy to achieve >85.

Nonvolatile Homogeneous InSe Transistors Regulated by Substrate Engineering.

This study proposes a polarity regulation in two-dimensional InSe via substrate engineering. By selecting different substrates (h-BN and multilayer graphene (MLG)/SiO), controllable doping of p-type and n-type regions on the same piece of two-dimensional InSe material is achieved. Utilizing this characteristic, a high-performance homogeneous PN junction is constructed.